19 13 graduated. He was sent by Geng Gong to study in the United States and entered Cornell University. He studied electrical engineering first, then architecture, received western education and graduated five years later. Before and after graduation, as the assistant of Henry Killam Murphy, a famous American architect, I participated in the planning and design of the school buildings of Jinling Women's University (now Nanjing Normal University) and yenching university (now Peking University), and at the same time described and arranged a large number of architectural patterns of the Forbidden City in Beijing. 192 1 returned to China, and traveled to Europe to inspect western architecture on the way. After returning to China, I settled in Shanghai. I first worked in the Southeast Construction Company founded by Guo He, engaged in architectural design, mainly designing garden houses, and the famous building is the Bank Association Building at No.4 Shanghai Port Road. Later, he set up a joint venture with Jin Woo Construction Company, and soon set up Yanji Construction Office in Shanghai, which was one of the early offices set up by China architects in China. 1924, he and the first batch of Zhuang Jun, Fan, Wu Zhenying who returned from studying abroad initiated the establishment of the first academic group in China, aiming at developing and strengthening the team of architects and conducting academic research. After several years of preparation, "China Institute of Architects" was established in the winter of 1927, and changed its name to China Institute of Architects in 193 1.
1925 In May, the preparatory office of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum collected the design patterns of the mausoleum from architects and artists at home and abroad. In September, in the selection of more than 40 design schemes, he won the first prize with a simple and solemn bell-shaped pattern (referring to the whole cemetery). Soon after, he was hired as a mausoleum architect by Dr. Sun Yat-sen's funeral preparatory committee and supervised the mausoleum project. 1927 In May, the Zhongshan Memorial Hall and Monument in Guangzhou designed by him won the first place among 28 design schemes submitted by Chinese and foreign architects, which made it famous at home and abroad. During the construction of the main project of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, regardless of his personal safety, he trudged between Shanghai and Nanjing, looking forward to supervising the construction on the mountain. In order to ensure the quality of the project, material selection and supervision are meticulous. Eventually, due to overwork, she died of intestinal carbuncle in Shanghai on March 1929 at the age of 36 and never married. On June 1 1 of the same year, the Nanjing National Government issued the No.472 Award Order to China. The full text is:
"Lv Yanzhi, the architect of the Prime Minister's funeral room, is knowledgeable and aggressive. This time, he planned to build the Prime Minister's mausoleum, and he worked hard. He died just after the project was completed, and he deeply regretted his loss. He should be praised and given 2000 yuan for camp burial as a sign of preferential treatment. This order "
The following year, the cemetery management committee set up a monument for Lv Yanzhi. The upper part of the monument is a bust of Lv Yanzhi (made by Gao Qi, a famous Czech sculptor and author of "The Marble Sleeping Statue of Sun Yat-sen"), and the lower part is an inscription written by Yu Youren. The article reads: "19 On May 28th, the management committee of the Prime Minister's Mausoleum and the designer of the Prime Minister's Mausoleum, Lv Yanzhi decided to erect a monument to commemorate the dead." The stone tablet was originally placed in the rest room at the southwest corner of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum Memorial Hall (it was unknown during the Anti-Japanese War and its whereabouts are still unknown).
In just four years, Lv Yanzhi not only undertook the design of Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum, Guangzhou Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall and Monument, presided over the construction of the cemetery, participated in the design of Sun Yat-sen's statue, recumbent statue, coffin base, China table and memorial archway, but also attended the meeting of the Preparatory Committee for Sun Yat-sen's funeral nine times, and discussed and decided the sub-project, cost, bidding, pattern modification and construction progress. He also accepted the invitation of the National Government to serve as a special member of the Prime Minister's Cemetery Plan, and participated in the planning of the cemetery area and the selection of the burial places of Liao and Fan Hongxian. After learning that he was suffering from an incurable disease, he still endured the pain, and drew "Planning Patterns of Two Districts in the Capital City (Central Administrative District and Beijing Urban District)" and "Aerial View of Architectural Design of the National Government (including the Fifth Hospital)" in the hospital, leaving the last legacy of his life. Before he died, he earnestly warned his colleagues and inherited the legacy of building the motherland. A child's heart is touching. He was employed as an architect of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, presiding over the drawing of architectural details, the selection of building materials, supervision and project acceptance. (The remuneration is 5% of the project cost). After taking this important task, he immediately set about preparing a preliminary estimate (about 500 thousand yuan in total). Due to limited funds, the funeral preparatory committee discussed and decided that the project would be carried out in two parts. 1 65438+1October1,the contractor of the first project (including tombs, altars, terraces, fences and stone slopes) was invited for public bidding in Shenbao. It is stipulated that only a construction factory that has built a project with a cost of more than 302,000 yuan can bid, and at the same time, it must pay 1 1,000 silver as a deposit. 165438+1On October 3rd, the funeral preparatory committee signed an architect contract with Lv Yanzhi on behalf of Zhang Jingjiang. Lv Yanzhi knows that in order to ensure the progress and quality of the project, there must be a well-funded and experienced construction factory. At that time, among several big factories in Shanghai, only Yao Xinji, who had built the Shanghai Telephone Tower, Waibaidu Bridge and Nanjing Nanyang Persuasion Association, was the most suitable. Who knows Yao Xinji didn't come to bid until five days before the end of the tender. While extending the bidding period by four days, he asked someone to write down an invitation to Yao Xinji to bid in his name. By the end of the bidding, seven construction plants, including Hongji, Yao Xinji, Xinjinji Kanghao, Zhou Ruiji, Xinheji, Zhu Zhiji and Xinyiji, had already submitted bids, and Yao Xinji submitted a bid of 483,000 yuan, ranking second. When attending the16th meeting of the Preparatory Committee for Funeral Affairs, Lv Yanzhi not only introduced the capital and experience of seven construction factories in detail, but also proposed to persuade Yao Xinji to reduce the quotation to about 442,000 yuan. After several discussions, Yao Xinji agreed to contract at a price of 443,000 yuan. At the end of the year, Sun Ke signed the first project contract with Yao Xinji as a family representative, and Lv Yanzhi signed it as a witness. The contract stipulates that the construction period is 65,438+04 months. 192665438+1On October 7th, Lv Yanzhi and funeral committee members Ye Chulun, Lin Huanting, Chen Qubing and Yang Xingfo went to Ning. Determine the location of Jianling in the cemetery designated by family representatives such as Soong Ching Ling and Sun Ke. At noon the next day, the 20th funeral preparatory committee meeting was held on the south slope of Zhongmao Mountain, and the location and direction of the mausoleum and memorial hall were determined on the spot. After Lv Yanzhi returned to Shanghai, he drew detailed drawings of the project and closed the door. 65438+1October1May, the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum Project started to blow up the mountain and fill the earth, and the groundbreaking ceremony was held on March1February. Lv Yanzhi entrusted his assistant, Huang Tanfu, to attend the ceremony. Because of the construction on the deserted hillside, the conditions are extremely poor, and the transportation of materials is particularly difficult. About 3,000 tons of all kinds of stones are shipped from Italy, Hong Kong, Qingdao, Suzhou and other places, which can only be transported to Xiaguan Station of Shanghai-Nanjing Railway, and then transported out of the city by Nanjing Railway (a small train in the city). The roads outside the city are more rugged. After many twists and turns, it can be transported to the foot of the mountain, and then wooden Fang and rails are laid on the hillside and dragged up the mountain by manpower. After 850 tons of marble imported from Italy and slub steel imported from Belgium are transshipped to Shanghai through Hong Kong, the customs will impose huge tariffs. Shanghai-Nanjing Railway Bureau and Nanjing Railway Bureau also extort huge sums of money on the grounds of "no combined transport" and "rotten sleepers are unbearable". Local local tyrants and evil gentry extort and obstruct under the pretext of occupying farmland and destroying roads. In addition, Nanjing was occupied by warlord Sun at that time, and the political situation was turbulent. Construction sites are often harassed by stragglers, workers are raped, property is looted, and the progress of the project is very slow. Yao Xinji Construction Factory wrote to Lv Yanzhi many times, asking for help in solving the difficulties in construction. By mid-July, construction has been started for half a year, the main materials have not yet arrived, and the foundation works of the tomb and memorial hall have not been completed. Therefore, the funeral preparatory committee wrote to architect Lu on July 19, 2009, warning that the construction period was nearly half, and if it could not be completed on time, it would bear the responsibility and be fined. In order to speed up the progress of the project, Lv Yanzhi had to go back and forth between Shanghai and Nanjing. In September, I finally fell ill in my apartment in Shanghai because of overwork. Huang Tanfu has full authority to handle all engineering matters, but the technical work still needs to be decided by himself. Therefore, the detailed drawings and models of each division project should be sent to Shanghai for him to personally review and modify. In addition to his designated trademark and place of origin, the selected building materials should also be sent samples. After being tested by Nanyang University and exceeding the American standard, he will sign for it, otherwise he will have to rework it. His strict requirements and meticulous attitude inevitably caused complaints from Yao Xinji Construction Factory that "the project is in Nanjing and depends on Shanghai" and "the architect Lu wants to become his once-in-a-lifetime art name and try it everywhere".
1927 In March, after the Northern Expeditionary Army captured Nanjing, the funeral preparatory committee moved from Shanghai to Nanjing, adding seven members including Chiang Kai-shek. Since May, the transportation of materials has been smooth. In June, Lv Yanzhi Lai Ning held a meeting of the funeral preparatory committee, discussed the progress of the project, planned the commencement of the second project, and stayed on the mountain to supervise the construction. 65438 10/5, the second project (including excavation and filling, ditches, rocky slopes, stone steps, buttresses and platform paving); The archway, mausoleum gate and big fence in the original second project were postponed due to limited funds, and were changed to the third project, which was completed by Tao Fuji Construction Factory after the Feng 'an ceremony. Shanghai Xinjinji Construction Factory (Kanghao) won the bid at a cost of 268,084 yuan.
1927165438+1October 24th, the second project started, and the two projects were carried out at the same time, and the progress was very smooth. 1928 65438+ October, Nanjing is freezing. Although the construction is still going on as usual due to the heavy snow, the construction period has exceeded one year and the engineering quantity is less than half due to the delay in starting construction. In July, the funeral preparatory committee held a joint meeting with members, architects and contractors to discuss how to catch up with the work progress, and adopted Lv Yanzhi's suggestion of day and night construction. Since August 1 1, both projects have been working around the clock at the same time. Lv Yanzhi dragged his weak body and patrolled the construction site day and night. 65438+February 65438+March, the funeral preparatory committee held its 64th plenary meeting. At the meeting, Lv Yanzhi and the contractor Yao Xinji asked to embed a stone tablet outside the west wall of the memorial hall, and decided to "build the stone tablet of Mr. Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, and both architects and contractors can join." 1February, 929, the tomb and the memorial hall were basically completed. Lv Yanzhi is bedridden in Shanghai, but he is still obsessed with the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum project. On the 20th, he wrote to Yao Xinji, demanding that all the works must be completed before March 9th, so as to be accepted and delivered before the scheduled Feng 'an ceremony on March 12 (later to June 1 day). Unexpectedly, just as the project was about to be completed and he was ready to meet him at the scene for acceptance, he quietly passed away. People all feel sorry for this brilliant and outstanding architect who failed to see the untimely death of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, which he worked so hard to design and supervise. On April 3rd, the 66th meeting of the preparatory committee for the funeral passed the case of inheriting the architect's works by Lu, and the case of confirming that this project is in the name of Yanji firm, and Yanji architect Li Jinpei succeeded the mausoleum architect. In May, Li Jinpei and Huang Tanfu accepted the project on behalf of Yanji Office. /kloc-in June, 2000, the ceremony of burying Sun Yat-sen's body in Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum was held as scheduled. After the death of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, people are going to build the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall in Guangzhou. Representatives of the Second China Congress of the Kuomintang held the foundation stone laying ceremony of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall at the foot of Guanyin Mountain (now Yuexiu Mountain, Zhongshan Park after the former presidential palace), but it was delayed again and again due to the war and lack of funds. It was not until the beginning of 1927 that the "Guangzhou Sun Yat-sen Memorial Committee" was formally established, chaired by Li, then chairman of the Guangdong Provincial Government, with Chen, Feng Zhuwan and others as members. The planned construction cost is 1 twenty-two thousand silver, so it is decided that the Guangdong provincial government will raise 1 twenty-two thousand silver every month, which will be appropriated by the state treasury. At that time, in addition to donations from staff of various institutions, students from various schools also took to the streets to sell portraits and badges and conduct fund-raising activities. In April, the Preparatory Committee of the Memorial Hall awarded the design awards of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall and Sun Yat-sen Monument to Chinese and foreign architects. At that time, Lv Yanzhi, who had been hired as the architect of Nanjing Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, signed up for this work and drew the architectural design of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall overnight. The selection results were announced in mid-May, and Lv Yanzhi ranked first. The Preparatory Committee decided to adopt the designed patterns, and the detailed architectural design was presided over by structural engineers Li Keng (graduated from Tsinghua University, 19 16 went to Cornell University to study), Feng (bachelor of civil engineering from Shanghai Institute of Technology, master of civil engineering from Cornell University), and architects Li Jinpei, Qiu and Ge Hongfu. 1927165438+10, Zhongshan Memorial Hall invited tenders, and Lv Yanzhi entrusted Huang Tanfu to send a letter on his behalf, inviting Yao Xinji's construction factory to bid. Because Yao Xinji suffered huge losses in the construction of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum (the final loss of the project was142,000 yuan), he decided to stop his own construction, but declined politely. As a result of the bidding, Shanghai Taofuji Construction Factory won the bid at a cost of 928,085 yuan. 1April, 928, all the design drawings were successfully drawn. Construction started on April 23rd. The detailed design of the monument was completed in June 5438+the following year 10. 15 10 15, the foundation laying ceremony was officially held. Since then, due to the political turmoil, the Guangdong provincial government has reduced the monthly fund-raising amount from 6,543,800 yuan to 50,000 yuan, which has affected the project progress. 65,438+09,365,438+00+65,438+00 was basically completed, which lasted for three and a half years and the total cost was 65,438+00. By May 1933, the gate building, indoor lighting, air conditioning equipment, surrounding roads and greening projects were completed by Hong Kong Hongyi Construction Company and Guangzhou Wuqiaoji Construction Factory.