Overview of Computer Foundation and Programming

? Fundamentals of computer programming? It is the core course in the series of computer basic teaching in colleges and universities. This paper mainly introduces the basic knowledge of programming language and programming methods and skills. The following is an overview of Computer Fundamentals and Programming compiled by me. Welcome to refer to!

1 computer foundation and programming overview computer foundation mainly includes the grammar knowledge of programming language and the basic methods of programming, as well as the preliminary contents of programming methodology, data structure and algorithm foundation. The purpose of this book is to enable students to master the basic ideas and methods of computer programming, initially have the application ability of computers in various fields, and create conditions for subsequent courses.

This set of teaching materials is divided into "Fundamentals of Computer Programming" and "Experimental Guidance and Practice of Programming Fundamentals", aiming at introducing C language structured programming in detail, covering the requirements of computer grade examination. The textbook "Fundamentals of Computer Programming" focuses on the basic theory of programming, focusing on the basic theory and method of programming and the grammar knowledge of C language. The textbook "Experimental Guidance and Practice of Programming Fundamentals" is equipped with "Fundamentals of Computer Programming", including experimental computer guidance, experimental thinking questions, exercises, and level 2 exams.

This book is based on the Subcommittee on Teaching Guidance of Basic Computer Courses? What are the basic teaching requirements of the basic course of computer programming? Based on the teaching practice experience of C language programming foundation in recent years. Its content covers the basic theory, basic concepts, methods and specifications of structured programming in C language. The goal is to train students to master the basic theories and methods of programming and the ability of computer application programming.

This book takes a small student achievement management system as the main line, and assigns all the knowledge points of C language programming to each chapter for detailed introduction, and gradually realizes all the functions of the system. Through this case, students have a clear understanding of the process and knowledge involved in C language programming, and strive to combine theory with practice, thus cultivating students' ability to analyze and solve problems.

This book is divided into eight chapters, including:

Chapter 1 is an overview of programming, introducing the basic concepts such as program, programming and algorithm, the process and method of programming, C language character set, lexical symbols and the basic structure of C language programs.

The second chapter introduces the data types, operators and expressions of C language, the declaration and use methods of various constants and variables, and the operational rules for evaluating various operators and expressions.

Chapter 3, program control structure, introduces the basic concepts and methods of structured programming, as well as the sequence control language, selection control statement, loop control statement and application problem solving method of C language.

Chapter 4, Function and Preprocessing, introduces the idea of modular programming, the basic concepts and methods of function definition, function declaration and function call, function return value and its type, function parameter transfer mechanism, recursive function, scope and storage type of variables and preprocessing.

Chapter 5, Array, introduces the concept of array, the definition, initialization and application of one-dimensional array, the definition, initialization and application of two-dimensional array, and the concept and application of string and character array.

The sixth chapter introduces the basic concept of pointer, the definition of pointer variable and its related operations, pointer and function, pointer and array, and dynamic memory allocation.

Chapter 7, Structure and * * * object, introduces the mechanism of user-defined data types such as structure and * * * object, structure types and structural variables, structure array, structure and function, the concept and common operations of linked list, and the concept and application of * * * object.

Chapter 8, Documents, introduces the basic concepts and common operations of documents.

Chapter 9, object-oriented programming, introduces the basic concepts of object-oriented programming and the basic operations of classes.

The appendix includes ASCII code table, C language operators and common C standard library functions.

Chapters 1 and 2 were written by Tian Hongmei, Chapter 3 by Guo Wei, Chapter 4 by Liu Fei, Chapter 5 by Ji Tao, Chapter 6 by Jiang Hong, Chapters 7 and 8 by Zhou Qisheng and Chapter 9 by Chen Qing. This book was edited and approved by Zhou Qisheng and Ji Tao. Special thanks to Professor Liu Baozhen for his guidance and comments on this book. In the process of writing this book, I have also received strong support from Professor Wang Haihui and Teacher Zhuang Peng, and I would like to express my heartfelt thanks!

The editors of this book are teachers who have been engaged in programming teaching for a long time. This book condenses teachers' teaching practice experience for many years. Due to the rapid development of computer science and technology, the teaching content, methods and means of programming are changing with each passing day, and the editor's level is limited, the shortcomings in the book are inevitable. Please criticize and correct me for further improvement in the future.

2 Overview Computer Foundation and programming software is a collection of one or more program files compiled to complete a certain function. An instruction is a command, a set of instructions that can be executed continuously, called a computer program. Computer language is a tool invented by people and can communicate with computers.

In a word, programming language is a tool used by software engineers to write programs and make software, a collection of rules and symbols, and a tool to communicate with computers.

The emergence and development of programming languages directly promoted the popularization and application of computers. Generally speaking, programs are divided into four categories:

1, mechanical language: mechanical language is all composed of 0 and 1, but it is not conducive to understanding and memory, and it is not convenient for us to operate the computer.

2. Assembly language: Assembly language is just a mnemonic of machine language, and there is no essential difference between them. Many times, we equate them.

3. Intermediate language: C language is both an intermediate language and a high-level language. C language is developed from B language, including C and B, and of course, A language. B language is developed from A language.

4. Advanced language: Advanced language is always infinitely close to our natural language and way of thinking. The development trend of programming language is to gradually cross the language gap between computer and objective things (that is, problem domain) from the lowest machine language.

How to design a program? A simple program design generally includes four steps, namely: 1, analyzing the problem; 2. Determine the data structure and algorithm; 3. programming; 4. Debug the program.

With these steps, we have to consider the algorithm, and the basic characteristics of the algorithm include the following five items:

1, finiteness: An algorithm must be terminated after performing a finite number of operation steps.

2. Certainty: The meaning of each step in the algorithm must be exact, and there can be no duality.

3. Validity: Every operation in the algorithm must be effectively executed, and the unexecutable operation is invalid.

4. There are zero or more inputs: The inputs here refer to the initial data needed before the algorithm starts. The number of these inputs depends on the specific problem.

5. Have one or more outputs: The so-called output refers to a quantity that has a certain relationship with the input, and there will be at least one output in a complete algorithm.

Items 4 and 5 are together.

Using this algorithm, the coding is realized:

The first choice is to write source code; Then compile the source code into the target code; Then connecting the target code into an executable program; Finally, run the program.

After the program is compiled, we need to adjust the errors in the program:

The first is grammatical errors; Secondly, there are logical errors; Then there are mistakes in development; Finally, I ran wrong.

Today's limerick:

Program basis

The basic procedure has just begun.

99 multiplication is too difficult.

It will take hours to figure it out.

The result is still wrong.

Waiting for tomorrow's teacher to teach.

Eat dinner quickly and write about Weibo.

Weibo's notes have just been written.

It's over 1 1 point.