project
Including vertical scientific research projects (projects) supported by funds established by governments at all levels, horizontal scientific research cooperation and development projects (projects) of enterprises and institutions, and self-raised scientific research projects (projects) of colleges and universities.
From the perspective of universities, scientific research projects can be divided into two categories: off-campus scientific research projects (project research funds come from off-campus) and on-campus scientific research projects (project research funds come from on-campus). Off-campus research projects can be divided into vertical research projects and horizontal research projects.