Sarah Joseph Fabellhale (1788101October 24th ~1April 30th, 879) is an American writer, famous editor and social activist. Sarah Hale is the author of the children's song "Mary Mary Hadlittle Lamb". At the same time, she made an important contribution to the establishment of American Thanksgiving Day. In addition, it was because of her fundraising that the Bunker Hill Memorial Hall was successfully completed.
Chinese name: Sarah Josef Boer Hale.
mbth:sarahjosephfabellhale
Nationality: United States of America
Place of birth: Newport, New Hampshire, USA
Date of birth:1788 65438+1October 24th.
Date of death:1April 30, 879
Occupation: writer, editor, social activist
Major achievements: The editor of Goldie Women Series first proposed to include Thanksgiving as a legal holiday in the United States.
Representative works: Mary has a lamb, Northwood: North and South Life.
Family and early experiences
Sarah Josef Bull was born in Newport, New Hampshire, USA. The parents are CaptainGordonBuell and MarthaWhittlesayBuell. Sarah was educated at home since she was a child. Her mother and brother help her with her studies, and she has a strong ability of self-study.
When he grew up, Hale worked as a teacher in a local school. 18 1 1 year, Sarah's father opened an inn called "TheRisingSun". That year, Sarah met David Hare, a lawyer, and they fell in love. They got married in Sarah's father's inn on June 23rd, 2003. They got married and gave birth to five children: David (18 15), Horatio (18 17), Francis (18 19) and Sarah (65438). 1822, her husband David died, and Sarah was extremely sad. Sarah wore only black clothes from then on until her death.
occupation
1823, Sarah Hale published her own collection of poems GeniusofOblivion with the support of the aid society where her late husband lived. Four years later, 1827, she published her first novel, entitled Northwood: Life in North and South America and ANewEnglandTale in Britain. This work makes Sarah Hale one of the earliest novelists describing American slavery and one of the earliest female novelists in America. This book supports the resettlement of African American slaves in Libya and their freedom. The book reveals the cruel oppression and tragic fate of American slaves at that time. Criticized the decline of slave owners' humanity and the lack of morality.
ReverendJohnBlake spoke highly of the book and invited Sarah Hale to Boston as the editor of The Ladies' Magazine Women's Magazine. Sarah Hale worked in a magazine from 1828 to 1836. She prefers to call herself "the editorial department". Sarah Hale hopes to improve women's education through this magazine. She wrote in an article: "We don't want to seize or infringe on men's rights. We just want everyone to gain knowledge and virtue from it. (It's not that they can usurp this situation, or that one person can usurp the intellectuals and moral roles in his own circle). 1830, she published PoemsforOurChildren, including the famous Mary has a lamb. It is said that many female poets would read this poem to children at that time.
1833, Sarah Hale founded the Seamen's Association to help the families of sailors who were killed at sea.
LouisAntoineGodey, a famous editor, wants to hire Sarah Hale as the editor of Godey's Slady's Book, a magazine she founded. So he bought Women and renamed it American Women magazine, and then merged it with his own magazine. From 65438 to 0837, Sarah Hale officially became the editor of Goldie Women's Series, but she insisted on working in Boston because her youngest son William was studying at Harvard University.
In this way, she worked in Goldie Women's Series for forty years, until 1877, nearly ninety years old. During her work in the magazine, many important female poets and essayists at that time contributed to the magazine, including LydiaSigourney, CarolineLeeHentz and ElizabethF F. Ellet, FrancesSargentOsgood and so on. There are other famous male writers, including NathanielHawthorne, OliverWendellHolmes, WashingtonIrving, JamesKirkePaulding, WilliamGilmoreSimms and NathanielParkerWillis. At that time, she was completely the arbiter and spokesperson of the reading taste of the American society, and the influence of Goldie women series in American society at that time was incomparable to any magazine. Magazines even influenced women's clothing and civil architectural style at that time.
During his tenure in the magazine, Hale wrote a lot of novels and poems. Before her death, she published more than 50 volumes of various works. After 1840, she also edited several topics for Aupart, a gift book published every year.
Old age life
1877, Sarah Hale retired from the magazine at the age of 89. In the same year, Thomas Dixon invented the phonograph. In the phonograph recording experiment, Edison sang Sarah Hale's children's song "Mary has a little lamb", making it the first song recorded by manual recording equipment.
1879 On April 30th, Sarah Hale died at her home at Lockster Street 14 13 in Philadelphia at the age of 9 1. Her body was buried at laurel hill Cemetery in Philadelphia.
personal influence
As an outstanding magazine editor, Sarah Hale was an authoritative expert on fashion, cooking, literature and morality of middle-class women in the United States at that time. Although she actually invisibly reinforced the stereotype of gender roles in American society, especially the stereotype that women should play the role of housewives. And expand these stereotypes. For example, Hale believes that social morality should be shaped by women, so she encourages women to write novels with positive moral energy. She wrote: "Nowadays, the partisan struggle between men has caused chaos in American political life ... (Women) as defenders of peace and friendship should pay attention to cultivating their gentle qualities. (The Ocean of Politics is in contradiction with Part of Passion in America) ... Trust protectors of peace and goodwill should have very gentle feelings. ) "Hale does not agree that women should have the right to vote. On the contrary, she believes that women should rely on their "secret and quiet influence" to influence male voters.
Sarah Hale is very concerned about education. She emphasized the importance of physical education and extracurricular activities in children's education. 1829, she mentioned in an article: "having a healthy body can make people feel happy and help cultivate correct conduct. All this plays an indispensable role in the development of intelligence. Good health, concentration and easy injury, and they are indispensable for successful intellectual efforts. ) "Sarah Hale was also the first American to propose that women receive higher education. She helped MatthewVassar to establish a women's university, VassarCollege. During her work in Women magazine, she wrote at least 17 articles on women's education to help the public get rid of the prejudice against women's universities. 1860 Baltimore Women's College awarded her a medal in recognition of her outstanding contribution to women's education. In addition, from 65438 to 0852, Sarah Hale opened a column called "EmploymentforWomen", which was devoted to the topic of women entering the labor market. She also helped other advocates of women's education, such as CatharineBeecher and EmmaWillard, to publish their works.
Sarah Hale is also a patriot. From 1820 to 1830, most American magazines at that time only published British magazines, with a slight change. Sarah Hale and others insisted on publishing articles by native American writers in journals. But at that time, there were too few American writers, which meant that Sarah Hale had to write more than half of every issue of Women's Magazine. She tends to publish novels reflecting American themes, such as novels reflecting the life of pioneers in the west, or novels set in the War of Independence.
Sarah Hale strongly opposed slavery and supported the unification of the North and the South. She used a pen as a gun to strive for the unity of national culture and system. Her works often take the people of the north and the south as the common enemy, and resist foreign enemies, or the people of the north and the south are close and harmonious.
Sarah Hale and American Thanksgiving Day
Today, Thanksgiving Day is an official holiday in the United States. But Thanksgiving was first celebrated in New England, and the time of each state is different, from October to January at the latest. In the southern United States, no one celebrates Thanksgiving at all. Sarah Hale was the first person to propose making Thanksgiving a legal holiday. From 1846 to 1863, she wrote letters to five American presidents, namely Zachary Taylor, Mi Leide Fillmore, Franklin Pierce, James Buchanan and Abraham Lincoln. Finally, President Lincoln adopted her suggestion and made Thanksgiving a legal holiday in the United States, and unified the time to the last Thursday of 1 1 month every year. Prior to this, the only national holidays in the United States were Memorial Day and Independence Day in Washington.
Other behaviors
Sarah Hale is committed to protecting President Washington's former residence in Mount Vernon Planck. She believes that this manor symbolizes patriotism and is conducive to the unity of the people of the North and the South.
Bunker Hill Monument, located in Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA, is an obelisk made of granite and 67 meters high. In memory of the Battle of Bunker Hill which took place here on June 1775. During the construction of Bunker Hill Monument, due to lack of funds, there were many stoppages. Sarah Hale raised $30,000 from her magazine readers and organized a charity sale, which enabled the monument to be successfully completed.