Distribution map of eighteen Tang tombs in Guanzhong area
Principle 1: Focus on the whole.
The word "feng shui" comes from the book of burial: "Qi dissipates by the wind, and the boundary water stops. The ancients gathered for it and stopped it, so it was called Feng Shui. " Geomantic omen theory is to regard the environment as a whole system, take people as the center, and regard all things in the world as interrelated, mutually restrictive, interdependent, mutually antagonistic and mutually transforming elements. The function of geomantic omen is to grasp the relationship between subsystems, optimize the structure and seek the best combination. This actually coincides with the system theory in modern science. The general principle is the general principle of geomantic omen, and all other principles are subordinate to the general principle. It is the basic feature of modern geomantic omen to deal with the relationship between man and environment with the principle of wholeness.
China ancient Huangdi House Classic advocated "taking the situation as the body, the spring as the blood, the land as the skin, the vegetation as the hair, the house as the clothing, and the portal as the crown belt. If so, it is a matter of elegance and luck. " This is actually a simple application of system theory when the ancients chose their residence.
According to the concept of the ancients, the topography, orientation and safety of the location of the Yin House will affect the fate of future generations for a long time. In the Qing Dynasty, Yao Yanluan particularly emphasized the overall functionality in "Yang Zhai Integration Volume Single Crystal Kouji", arguing that "Yin Zhai must choose a good terrain, and the water on the back of the mountain is called people's heart, and the mountain has long hair, and the water must be surrounded. It is a blessing to have a spacious hall, with a rich collection of water outlets, barrier-free on both sides and aboveboard. "
The construction of tombs in Tang Dynasty is another climax after Qin and Han Dynasties. There were 2 1 emperors in the Tang Dynasty, including Wu Zetian. Except for Wu Shi and Gao Zong, the last two emperors were buried in Yulu, and the rest were all on the north bank of Weishui, Shaanxi Province, known as the "Eighteen Mausoleums of Guanzhong" in history. The tombs are set in the hilly Beishan Mountains, with the vast Guanzhong Plain in the south, far away from Zhongnanshan and Taibai Mountain. The Weihe River is far ahead, where water mirrors haunt. Near it, there are shallow and deep. Looking around, the plain is separated by millet and seedlings, and the vast plain is silent, which highlights the peak of Lingshan. The Tang Mausoleum inherited and developed the tradition of four openings in the Han Mausoleum, and formed a grand composition symbolizing the residence of the emperor: a square wall was built around the mausoleum, called the inner city, with doors in the middle of all sides and gatehouses and turrets in the four corners; There is a sacrificial hall in Zhuquemen, the south gate, where a big sacrificial ceremony is held. Outside the Suzaku Gate, there is a Shinto that is three or four kilometers long. At the southernmost tip, it starts with a pair of earthen caves, followed by a gate. From there, the second pair of soil que and the second door are about a few hundred meters to one kilometer north of Suzaku Gate, and then it leads to the third pair of soil que in front of Suzaku Gate. 1. There are many tombs in the vast area between the two gates, among which the tomb of Zhaoling in Emperor Taizong is the most, reaching 167. The whole mausoleum is very large in area. In addition, many magnificent stone statues and horses are used as foil to render the dignity and lofty atmosphere of the mausoleum, so that no matter who comes here, they can't help but admire and respect it.
Principle 2 of site selection: adjust measures to local conditions
The Book of Changes and the Big Zhuang Gua says, "Enough is enough." In the pre-Qin period, Jiang Taigong advocated adjusting measures to local conditions. "Biography of Historical Records of Huo Zhi" records: "Tai Gong Wang was sealed in Yingqiu, and there were few people. Tai Gong advised her to be a wife, and she learned salt very well." This is actually the expression of the natural lifestyle adopted by our ancient ancestors according to the objectivity of the environment. According to the actual situation, take practical and effective methods to make people and buildings adapt to nature, return to nature, return to nature, and integrate heaven and man. This is the true meaning of Feng Shui.
China has a vast territory, with great differences in climate and soil quality between the north and the south, and different architectural forms in different places. Northwest China is dry and rainy, and there is a large area of loess layer in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, which is easy to dig and has the characteristics of cold protection and warmth. Therefore, cave dwelling, a kind of living form with horizontal holes cut on the loess cliff, is widely distributed in Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and other provinces. In the southwest, because it is wet and rainy, there are a lot of insects and wild animals, and people there live in the bamboo house. There is a record about the bamboo building in the Biography of Nan Man in the Old Tang Dynasty: "Poisonous weeds on the mountain, lice and poisonous snakes, people living together in the building, climbing stairs,no. Gan Lan." This kind of bamboo building is occupied upstairs, and there are empty or livestock downstairs. Bamboo buildings are ventilated, cool and moisture-proof, and most of them are built by mountains and rivers, which is especially suitable for local climate conditions. In addition, herders on the grassland live in yurts and adopt a lifestyle of living on aquatic plants; Rock houses are used by people in Yunnan-Guizhou mountainous areas; People in the Central Plains use rammed earth to build houses, and these building forms are the result of adapting to local conditions.
The Ming Tombs were selected under the guidance of geomantic omen of Yin House. In the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, in order to find an auspicious cemetery, Ming Chengzu ordered Liao Junqing, a feng shui master from Jiangxi, to look for it in Changping. Later, he found a piece of "auspicious land" in this area, called Huang Tu Mountain. There are two mountains in front of the mountain, the dragon and the tiger, which form a treasure trove of geomantic omen. After Judy's personal reconnaissance, it was named "Tianshou Mountain", and the first tomb of the Ming Tombs-Changling was built here in 1409.
The terrain where the Ming Tombs are located is surrounded by mountains in the north, east and west and open to the south. The spring water in the mountains joins the river before Yuling and flows to the southeast. There are two hills on both sides of Shinto 6 kilometers in front of the mausoleum, with Longshan in the east and Tiger Mountain in the west. According to the theory of geomantic omen, Tianshou Mountain stretches, and "Long Mai" is thriving. The mausoleum stands to the south, with the main peak towering behind it, surrounded by "Sand Mountain" on the left and right, and extending to the small plain in Beijing to the south, with a bright future. The "Tang Ming" (base site) of the mausoleum is flat and broad, with lush vegetation and "vibrant" veins, which is undoubtedly an excellent place for the mausoleum. From the site selection of the Ming Tombs, we can see that the ancients attached great importance to the harmony and unity of mausoleum architecture and natural landscape vegetation, and pursued the perfect realm of "integration of heaven and earth" to reflect the philosophical view of "integration of heaven and man".
Map of Xiangyang Ancient City drawn in Wanli period.
Principle 3 of site selection: near mountains and water.
In the process of living practice, our ancestors summed up many life experiences with wisdom, among which it is very important to build settlements where there are mountains and water behind them. Today, almost all the primitive tribal sites discovered by archaeology were built on riverside platforms, which were suitable for the production and lifestyle of the ancients who were hunting, fishing and picking fruits at that time. In fact, this is also the origin of the principle of relying on mountains and rivers in Feng Shui theory.
During the Xuande period of the Ming Dynasty, Zhang led his people to Weidong Township, Yueyang County, Hunan Province. The terrain here left a deep impression on him: the 500-mile shogunate mountain stretches here, and there are three mountain peaks protruding in the northeast and west, such as three large petals forming a lotus flower, which is a typical "adobe house" climbing form in Feng Shui. So Zhang took everyone to settle down here and live a quiet and peaceful life. Over the past 500 years, it has developed into a large family with more than 600 households and more than 3,000 people. This is a typical example of a good feng shui house.
Wuhan University was built at the foot of Luojia Mountain with a history of one hundred years. Under the specific geomantic environment, the campus was built according to local conditions. The student dormitory is connected to the hillside, like a winding city wall, and there is an entrance like a city gate hole. On the hillside platform, the central hole is the city gate hole, the middle is the library, and the two sides are the teaching buildings. Master-slave sequence, strict symmetry. The natural trend of the school shows the majesty and grandeur of institutions of higher learning. The location and construction of Wuhan University is a model of "the house is surrounded by mountains" in Feng Shui theory.
The ancients paid as much attention to the Yin house as to the Yang house, especially to "death is like life". Therefore, as early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the concept of building a tomb by the mountain appeared. Many emperors' tombs face the mountains and the water, or face the plains, with wide horizons. Some people even built their graves on the top of the mountain to show their lofty status and the majesty of imperial power. Later, people chose the cemetery, paying special attention to the geographical environment near mountains and rivers, which was regarded as the best place for geomantic omen by the ancients. "The Secret Funeral Scripture of Dahan's Original Mausoleum" once recorded: "To build a grave, you must come to the mountains to go to the water."
The famous Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor is a model of "building a mausoleum by mountains and rivers". Backed by Mount Li and facing the Wei River, the natural environment in this area is very beautiful. Some people may ask, Qin Shihuang was in power in Xianyang, the capital, why did the cemetery choose the shadow of Mount Li, which is far away from Xianyang? Let's take a look at the terrain here. The whole Lishan Mountain is only from Lintong County to Ma 'e section, where the sea is high, the mountains are undulating and mountainous. Seen from the north bank of Weihe River, this mountain range is symmetrical from left to right, like a huge screen standing behind the first imperial tomb, standing at the top of the tomb and looking south. This mountain range is arc-shaped, and the imperial tomb is surrounded by the peaks of Mount Li, which is integrated with the whole Mount Li. It can be seen that this is a treasure trove of feng shui that conforms to the principle of relying on mountains and rivers.
The concept of "surrounding mountains and water" in Qin Dynasty had a far-reaching influence on later generations. Mausoleums in the Western Han Dynasty, such as Gaozu Changling Mausoleum, Wendi Baling Mausoleum, Jingdi Yangling Mausoleum, Wudi Mausoleum, etc., were all chosen by imitating the geomantic thought of "mountains surrounded by water" in Qin Shihuang Mausoleum. Later tombs basically inherited this idea of building tombs.
Schematic diagram of ancient tomb site selection
Site selection principle 4: Observe the shape and situation.
China's traditional philosophy of "harmony between man and nature" makes China people have a unique view of heaven and earth and life, especially paying attention to the coordination and unity between man and nature. The traditional geomantic omen theory is actually the application of this idea in real life. The Ten Books of Yangzhai in Qing Dynasty pointed out: "People are mainly suitable for living in mountains and rivers, with the greatest momentum and the most important relationship with people's fortunes." In other words, when choosing a foothold, we should pay attention to the mountainous terrain and put the small environment into the big environment to investigate, which is the so-called "observe the shape and observe the color" principle.
Gong Yu divided the mountains of China into four columns. Feng Shui calls the rolling mountains Long Mai. China's Long Mai originates from Kunlun Mountain in the northwest, and three Long Mai extend from Kunlun Mountain to the southeast. Beilong entered Shanxi from Yinshan Mountain and Helan Mountain, starting from Taiyuan and ending at crossing the sea. Zhonglong entered the customs from Minshan and entered the sea from Qinshan. Nanlong goes from Yunnan to Guizhou and from Hunan to Fujian and Zhejiang. Every big Long Mai has a dry dragon, a branch dragon, a real dragon, a fake dragon, a flying dragon, a hidden dragon and a flashing dragon. To investigate Feng Shui, we must first find out the context and conform to the trend of Long Mai.
We should make clear the difference between Long Mai's form and potential when we look up the form and observe the potential: thousands of feet is the potential, a hundred feet is the form, the potential is the scene, and the form is the close-up view. Potential is the worship of form, and form is the product of potential. So the potential is tangible, and the tangible awareness of the potential exists outside, while the shape exists inside. The potential is like a group of peaks, shaped like a single mountain. It is difficult to recognize the situation, but it is easy to observe the pattern. The situation is cause and effect. If it is Ma Benteng, if it is flowing, I want it to be big and strong, different but specialized and smooth. Modeling should be thick, gas storage, gas storage. Observing the micro-environment from the macro-environment, we can know the external constraints and influences on the micro-environment, such as water source, climate, products, geology and so on. Only when the situation is perfect can the homestead be perfect. It depends on the situation, that is, start from the big picture and start from the small, so that there will be no worries, but the happiness after the meeting will last for generations. On the macro-environment cloud of the capital, Zhu Ziyu said: "Du Ji Mountain rises from the clouds, surrounded by the Yellow River, Mount Tai is a dragon on the left, Huashan is a tiger on the right, Songshan is the precedent, Huainan Mountain is the second case, and Wuling Mountain in the south of the Yangtze River is the third case. Therefore, there is no place in ancient and modern China and abroad to build its capital than Hebei. There is no wind to disperse, and there is water. " This shows the superiority of Beijing's geographical environment.
The site selection of China Imperial Tomb pays great attention to formal inspection and potential observation. Taking the mausoleum of the Qing emperor as an example, we can find that they have made great efforts in the choice of mausoleum site. It is said that the mausoleum of the Eastern Qing Dynasty is a treasure trove of geomantic omen personally selected by Shunzhi. As far as geomantic omen is concerned, it is indeed an excellent place-the whole mausoleum area is bounded by Changrui Mountain, which is called "Houlong" in the north and is the source of Long Mai; The mausoleum area is backed by Changrui Mountain, and Yingfei Mountain on the east side is Qinglong; Huanghuashan in the west is a white tiger; In the south, Jinxing Mountain, which looks like a bell, is Chaoshan; The shadow wall mountain in the distance is the case mountain; The Malan River and the West River are winding and surrounded by all beings. It is a typical landscape pattern of "mountains surrounded by water and negative yin embracing yang". The location and architecture of the tombs of the emperors and empresses in the Qing Dynasty are the same, and the relationship between dragons, sand, caves, water, halls, recent cases and distant dynasties has been taken into account in order to pursue the harmonious unity between man and nature.
Site Selection Principle 5: Soil Quality Inspection
Many tombs of ancient emperors have now become tourist attractions. It is not difficult to find that the location of these tombs is generally characterized by beautiful scenery, fresh air and lush vegetation. In other words, the terrain and water and soil here are excellent. In fact, in the process of choosing a mausoleum for the emperor, Mr. Feng Shui not only attached great importance to orientation and other factors, but also attached great importance to and criticized the local soil quality. In order to solve these problems, they often explore in situ, twist with their hands, chew the soil with their mouths, and even dig wells to see the deep soil and water quality, and bend over to listen to the flow and sound of groundwater. These seemingly pretentious, in fact, not without reason.
On the earth, the most basic materials for human survival are wind (air), water and land (land). "Land" includes soil, and the quality of soil is a big problem that Feng Shui needs to study.
Modern science has confirmed that the traditional geomantic omen holds that soil quality determines people's physique with scientific basis. We found that the impact of soil quality on people has at least the following four aspects:
First, elements such as zinc, molybdenum, selenium and fluorine in soil will directly affect people's health. In the Ming Dynasty, Wang Tonggui recorded in "Ear Talk": "It is better to come to Yanglixi, and the local people said:' Anyone who is not suitable for tin reproduction will be poor and migrate. "Shan Hai Jing also records many relationships between geology and body, especially the plants grown from specific geology, which have an impact on human body shape, physique and fertility.
Second, the damp and corrupt place is the natural culture base of bacteria, which can lead to arthritis, rheumatic heart disease and skin diseases.
Third, the earth is a planet surrounded by a magnetic field. People can't feel its existence, but it always acts on people. Strong magnetic field can cure diseases, and it can also cause dizziness, lethargy or neurasthenia.
Fourthly, if there is an underground river 3 meters below the residential floor, or there are double-layer rivers, potholes, complicated geological structures, etc., it may radiate a long vibration wave or pollution radiation or particle flow, leading to headache, dizziness and endocrine disorders.
On the other hand, the ancient geomancers were relatively geographers, and they were very sensitive to climate and environment. We have to admit that Feng Shui is scientifically justified, not groundless. There was a legend in Feng Shui that Guo Pu buried his mother: after Guo's death, Guo Pu chose the grave for his mother, which was less than 100 meters away from the river. If there is a flood, the grave will be flooded, which is a taboo in geomantic omen. But Guo Pu dared to bury him and predicted that the water would recede, and people would doubt it. As a result, a few years later, the river was diverted, and all around Guo Mu's tomb became mulberry fields, which greatly improved Guo Pu's reputation. Why did Guo Pu dare to make such an assertion is because he knows more about nearby mountains, rivers, river distribution and climate change than others.
Site Selection Principle 6: Water Quality Analysis
The Yangtze River and the Yellow River are called mother rivers by us, because the water of the great rivers nurtures the people along the coast and is the source of our life. Laozi said: one life two, two lives three, three lives everything. One is the sky, so there is water, the other is the earth, and the third is water. Translate this sentence of Laozi: Nature is aquatic in heaven and earth, and everything in heaven and earth is aquatic. This shows the importance of water.
The ancients in China were called geomantic omen, also called geography. We might as well read it with geomantic geography. We can also explain it this way: observing the sky, observing the earth, wind (airspace), water (hydrology and water quality), land (topography and geology) and science (research and analysis theory). The wind here refers to the air that people breathe, the water that people eat and the source water, and the soil that grows crops and acupoints. Air, water and soil are the most basic substances for human survival. As we all know, if the wind (air) quality is not good, the water quality is not good, and the soil quality is not good, biological growth will be bad, people will get sick and life will be in disaster. This is also the reason why the concept of green environmental protection is strongly advocated now.
The ancients thought that "the grass is rich, the water is deep and the soil is thick" and the feng shui must be good. This is actually a way to distinguish the quality of wind, water and soil by visual inspection.
As for how to distinguish water quality, Guanzi Dizhen thinks that soil quality determines water quality, and water quality is judged by its color. The water is white and sweet, yellow and astringent, black and bitter. Boshan Pian, a classic of geomantic omen, advocates "seeking dragons to recognize qi, recognizing qi and tasting water". Its color is blue, its taste is sweet, its smell is fragrant and it is expensive. Its color is white, its taste is clear, its temperature is mainly expensive, and it is not enough. "On the cloud of water good and evil in" Prosperous People ":"It is extremely sweet and delicious, so it is called Jiaquanchang. Spring is not full, and autumn is not dry. Better find a good place here. ""the taste of pulp is fishy, just like hot soup boiling, turbid and red is unlucky. "
There is a mountain spring at the foot of Chengtian Elephant Trunk Mountain in Taishun, Zhejiang. The spring keeps steaming all year round. When the local people are sick, they will soak in the spring water, which is more effective than taking medicine. After inspection, it is found that spring water contains a lot of chemical element nitrogen. According to Shan Hai Jing ·Xi· Shan Jing, there is irrigation water beside Cui Shi Mountain. "There is a flow in it, so that cattle and horses can draw without disease."
There is a Queqiao Spring in Tengchong County, Yunnan Province. The spring is crystal clear, but there is no life in it. Birds such as ducks will die in spring. After testing, the spring water contains a lot of toxic substances such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. Settlements must be built away from these water sources.
Ancient emperors also attached great importance to local water when choosing tombs. There are abundant water sources near the Ming Tombs, so there are abundant plants and trees all year round, and the biodiversity is also developing well. Today, the Ming Tombs Reservoir, as an important part of Beijing's urban water supply, has provided strong support for Beijing's healthy and rapid development.
Principle 7: Sit facing south.
Feng Shui pays great attention to the choice of direction. After choosing the location of the Yin and Yang rooms, the Feng Shui master should also choose the most suitable building direction, so that the building can receive the vitality of the surrounding landscape space. This is also called vertical orientation, which is a key in geomantic omen.
As we all know, the traditional buildings in China usually face south, with Zishan facing noon. Explained by modern science, this is because China is located in the eastern part of Eurasia in the northern hemisphere, and most of its territory is north of the Tropic of Cancer (23 degrees 26 minutes north latitude), so houses facing south are easy to receive sunlight. This will not only make the house warmer in winter, but also be very beneficial to the health of people living here.
In addition, the topography of China makes the monsoon climate characteristics of China very remarkable, and most parts of China are affected by the monsoon climate. In addition to the temperate continental climate in northwest China, there are mainly temperate monsoon climate and subtropical monsoon climate in China, and a few areas such as Hainan and Xishuangbanna in Yunnan are affected by tropical monsoon climate. So the house faces south, not only for lighting, but also to avoid the north wind in winter. There are records of wind measurement in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. "Historical Records" says: "Evil winds live in the northwest, and October is also. According to the north, it is also 1 1 month. The wind lives in the northeast, and the first month is also. Fengzhu East is also in February. " At the end of Qing Dynasty, He Guangting said in "geoscience correction": "Pingyang is not afraid of the wind, but there is a difference between Yin and Yang. The warm wind from east to south is called yang wind, so it is just right. The cool wind and cold wind from west to north are called evil wind, so it is advisable to have a close case to stop it, otherwise the wind will blow the bones and the family will die. " This means avoiding the northwest wind when determining the position.
There are several ways to express the position of geomantic omen: First, take five elements of wood as the east, fire as the south, gold as the west, water as the north and soil as the middle. Second, take gossip as the south, ridge as the north, earthquake as the east and exchange as the west. Third, take Party A and Party B as the east, Party C and Party D as the south, Geng Xin as the west and Gui Ren as the north. Take the son of the earthly branch as the north and the noon as the south. 4. Black Dragon in the east, White Tiger in the west, Suzaku in the south and Xuanwu in the north, or "Left Qinglong, Right White Tiger, Former Suzaku, Later Xuanwu."
In our country, the general imperial tombs are facing south or facing the mountain, such as the Ming Tombs in Nanjing and the Ming Tombs in Beijing. However, the Ming Taizu Mausoleum in Fengyang was built facing north, and the road was slightly skewed. The reason is that Zhongdu City Wall Palace is located in the northeast of the imperial tomb, so it is very difficult to make the imperial tomb face Zhongdu.
In a word, the principle of sitting north facing south in geomantic omen is our ancestors' understanding through thousands of years of practice, which is actually a way for human beings to live in harmony with nature.
Location Principle 8: Ride with anger.
Traditional geomantic omen theory holds that qi is the source of everything, and everything can't be separated from qi.
Guo Pu, a great geomantic master in ancient China and a scholar in Jin Dynasty, wrote the Book of Burial, in which he expounded the principle and function of induction. "Burial Book" said: "Bury people, take advantage of anger. Qi of yin and yang, namely wind, clouds and rain. Walking underground is angry, and everything is born. People suffer from their parents, and their bones are angry and their bodies are yin. Cover the living, the condensation of qi, the formation of bone knot, die and stay alone, so burial, resistance to gas entry, the same shadow. As the saying goes, the spirit should be blessed by ghosts and people should be blessed. This is based on the premise of copper landslides in the west, bells in the east, wooden flowers in spring and chestnut buds in the room. Qi moves in the ground, and its actions are also due to the potential of the ground; Its gathering is also due to the situation, and the ancients gathered to make it sticky. There is a limit to what you can do. " It means that the mausoleum should be chosen in a lively place, that is, the so-called land of feng shui, where everything is animistic. Man is a product of qi, and human bones are condensed by qi. When people die, their breath is gone, leaving only a pair of dead bones. If the bones are buried in a busy place, they will be dry and spring, and the soul will be sublimated. Everyone is born by his parents, just like a big tree. Parents are the "roots" and the trunk, and future generations are the "branches" of parents in the world. Parents' bones are alive in the ground, and the "Ben" will be full of vitality, and the "branches" connected with the "Ben" will also benefit a lot, flourish and last forever.
Liao Xiyong, another Feng Shui master in the Ming Dynasty, pointed out in the Book of Buried Scriptures that anger should be distinguished by mountains, rivers and vegetation. "Where there is purple gas in the mountain, if there is light smoke floating, the clouds are steamed and moist, and there is Shi Ming, if there is, the gas will come to interest. Clouds don't soar, their colors are dim, they crack, rocks dry up, vegetation withers, and springs dry up. If this is the case, unless the hill is dug, then the angry journey will depend on others. " It can be seen that anger is the vitality of all things and the best state of ecology.
Feng Shui advocates building urban houses in busy places, which is called "riding with anger". Because only by gaining enough vitality can plants flourish and human beings live a long and healthy life. According to the geomantic omen theory, the door of a house is an air port, and if there are roads and tap water leading to it, it is the spirit. On the other hand, if the gate is located at the back, it is not angry. Getting angry is good for air circulation and people's health. Brightness in the room is auspicious, and baldness is evil. Only riding on a busy building is good for the people who live in it.
Due to the change of seasons, vitality and orientation have also changed. In different months, the direction of anger and death will be different. Anger is auspicious, death is fierce. When doing things, people should also act with the changes of nature in order to achieve the best results.
Since ancient times, people have chosen to worship their ancestors and sweep graves in Tomb-Sweeping Day in mid-spring, which is related to the ancient geomantic theory besides outing. "Guanzi Situation Solution" says: "Spring begins with the sun, so everything is born." The exchange of breath is vigorous, which is the most active time of "telepathy" between the dead and the living. It is also necessary for the living to visit the yin house to balance yin and yang, and they will get peace of mind for one year. Moreover, the ancients also believed that the residence of the living, that is, the Yang House, should be maintained from time to time, and the mausoleum where the deceased lived, that is, the Yin House, should also be scanned and repaired regularly, and slope protection should be added to prevent "discouragement". From an ethical point of view, it is to encourage future generations to sacrifice their ancestors and friends regularly every year, which is what each of us should do. Now Tomb-Sweeping Day is listed as a public holiday in our country, which is also a good measure for the government to conform to public opinion and advocate harmony.
Site Selection Principle 9: Universal Greening
Our ancestors have long noticed that the environment and people interact, and the quality of the environment is closely related to the number of trees. Therefore, it has become an essential behavior to plant trees around the houses of the living or the graves of the dead.
Almost all feng shui masters attach great importance to tree feng shui, and its function is not as simple as shading and beautifying the environment as most people think. Folk feng shui masters all believe in such a saying: "When people live in the countryside, trees flourish and houses flourish. If the tree falls, the house will die. Da Luan Lin Daxing, Xiao Luan Lin Xiaoxing. If you don't plant trees, people have no clothes and birds have no hair. Can you keep warm naked? " He also said: "the front door is bright and clean, and the back of the house should be shaded by trees;" The four seasons are lush, and they live in peace for a long time. " Only when it has a lot of vegetation, it is full of vitality, shade and pulse protection, and it is rich.
Feng Shui pays attention to "both form and spirit" and thinks that what spirit is bound to produce what spirit. They think that people can rise and fall according to the quality of trees. This also reflects the important role of trees in Feng Shui. Feng Shui believes that trees have four functions. First, gather gas: especially in the open countryside, the gas is not gathered, and trees are planted reliably to reduce the residential area and make it look like reunion. Second, shelter from the wind: the wind is strong in mountainous areas and coastal plains, and the north wind is strong and biting in winter, which is harmful to people, livestock and crops. You can reduce the harm of wind by planting windbreaks. 3. Shading: If there are cracked mountains, corners, corners, chimneys and high-voltage towers opposite the house, planting trees or vines is more reliable. Fourth, ventilation and physical coverage: the vitality of the house is in front of us, but it can be seen and touched in the distance. You can plant bamboo or plants with sparse spacing to cover the fierce shape and let good luck pass.
Guo Pu's "Funeral Scripture" said: "Five people in the mountain can't be buried: Qi can be harmonious, and Tongshan can't be buried. The land is flat and lush, which is the beauty of the land. Today's Tongshan is thick and stubborn, and the soil veins are withered. There is no conflict, so it cannot be buried. " In particular, it is pointed out that barren bald mountains can not be used as yin houses.
The old system stipulated: "The emperor's tomb is three years old and the tree is loose; Half of the princes, the tree is cypress; The doctor is eight feet, and the tree attracts the wind; Four feet, a tree with locusts; Shu Ren has no grave, and the tree is a willow. " This has actually fixed the principle of general greening of tombs in the form of ritual. We can see that, whether in the Ming Tombs or the Ming Tombs, the places where ancient emperors were buried are basically lush trees and lush water plants, which is not only the strict requirements for the environment when the site was selected at the beginning, but also the result of future generations planting trees for greening.
Now, in order to reduce the occupation of cultivated land, the government has initiated the form of "tree burial", that is, in the place where the deceased buried his ashes, the descendants planted a tree. On the one hand, it expressed their nostalgia for their ancestors, on the other hand, it also greened the environment, so that the deceased could safely return to the embrace of Mother Earth and enjoy rest in peace.
Site selection principle 10: transforming geomantic omen
There is a saying in the Book of Changes: "It is already a blessing, but believe it. Civilization, tycoon justified, regret is dead. Heaven and earth change at four times, and the Tang-Wu revolution is based on heaven and people. At the time of the revolution, the righteousness was great. " After having a certain understanding of the environment we live in, our ancestors have realized the importance of transforming the environment. However, this reform is by no means spontaneous, but is carried out on the premise of conforming to nature.
We all know the story of Dayu's flood control. According to legend, Shun ordered Gun to control water. Gun only knew the method of pulling and irrigation, but it failed and was killed by Shun. Yu, Gun's son, accepted the lesson of his father's failure in water control, changed to dredging and finally succeeded in subduing the flood. This may be the earliest record of human transformation of Feng Shui.
Dujiangyan, Sichuan is also a successful example of transforming Feng Shui. Dujiangyan, located in the upper reaches of Minjiang River, a tributary of the Yangtze River, is the earliest water conservancy project in the world and still plays an important role. Since 2260, Dujiangyan's water diversion, flood discharge and water diversion facilities have been operating normally, which has played a very important role in making Chengdu Plain a land of abundance. Later generations summed up the reasons for Dujiangyan's success, and found that: firstly, when Li Bing and his son built Dujiangyan, they followed the concept of water control in harmony with nature, that is, "guide the situation according to the situation and adapt it to the times", so Dujiangyan is a water diversion hub without dams. Secondly, the "Fish Mouth" water diversion project for regulating water flow, the "Treasure Bottle Mouth" water diversion project for controlling water flow and the "Flying Sand Weir" project for flood discharge and sediment discharge have solved the problems of flow control, flood discharge and sediment discharge in the construction of modern water conservancy facilities. Third, adhere to the annual maintenance system and other sustainable management measures. From the construction of Dujiangyan, we have to admire the wisdom and ability of our ancestors. Among them, the advanced thought of harmony between man and nature is especially worth learning.
The ancient imperial tombs in China spared no effort in transforming geomantic omen. The mausoleum of Qin Shihuang is one of them. The Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, with Mount Li in the south and Weishui in the north, occupies a treasure land that conforms to the principle of geomantic omen. However, on the east side of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum, there is also a fish pond water reconstructed artificially. According to "Notes on Water Classics", "Water flows out of the northeast of Mount Li and flows northward. Later, Qin Shihuang was buried in the north of the mountain. When the water meandered, it turned from east to north, and the first emperor built a tomb to borrow soil. The land is deep and the water accumulates into a pond. This is the so-called fish pond ... The water in the pond flows through the north of the first emperor in the northwest. " It can be seen that the fish pond water originally came from the northeast of Lishan Mountain, and the water flowed from south to north. Later, when the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor was built, an east-west dam was built in the southwest of the mausoleum. The dam is 1000 m long, generally 40 m wide and 70 m at its widest point. Now the residual height is still 2 to 8 meters, which is what people usually call Wuling site. This dam will turn the fish pond water originally from the northeast of Lishan Mountain into a northwest flow, bypassing the northeast of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum. According to the Water Classic Note: "There is hot spring water in the southwest of fish pond water, which can cure diseases all over the world." "Saint Ji Qin" says: "There are hot springs in the northwest of Mount Li." It can be seen that the hot springs of that year correspond to the fish pond water in the northwest, forming a trend that there are mountains in the south and water on the other three sides. It can be seen that it is the change in the flow direction of fish ponds that makes the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor form the characteristics of "relying on mountains and rivers".
When the conditions of natural mountains and rivers are not perfect, they are repaired, supplemented, filled and dug manually. This method of organically combining nature and humanity to create an ideal "man-made" geomantic treasure house has been reflected in the construction of emperors' tombs in past dynasties, and it can also be described as the practical application of geomantic omen theory.