The concept of critical period was first put forward by Austrian ecologist Conrod Lorenz (1937). When observing the natural habits of birds, Lorenz found that newly hatched chicks, such as chickens and geese, will learn to chase their own similar or dissimilar species in a short time after birth, and then they can't learn this behavior, and they can't leave a mark on their mothers, and this period is very short.

Therefore, it is called the critical period of human beings, also known as the optimal period, sensitive period, critical period and turning period. Lorenz (1903- 1989), an Austrian zoologist and one of the founders of animal behavior, began to observe animal behavior under natural conditions, made a unique contribution to the study of bird behavior, and put forward the concepts of fixed action pattern of animal instinctive behavior and "imprint" of animal learning.

Extended data:

Lorenz's personal experience:

From 1937 to 1940, Lorenz taught animal psychology and comparative anatomy at the University of Vienna.

1September, 940, served as the head of the Department of Psychology, University of Connersburg, USA.

1938 Joined the Nazis, supported Nazi thoughts and thoughts, and Nazi ethnology.

During World War II, he served as a doctor in the German army 1942 to 1944. Lorenz has the opportunity to gain some first-hand knowledge about nervous system diseases, especially schistosomiasis and psychosis, especially schizophrenia.

1944, Lorenz was captured by the Soviets. Lorenz is respected by Russians for his medical knowledge.

After the release of 1948, Lorenz returned to teach at Vienna University. In the same year, the Institute of Comparative Behavior was established in oldenburg and served as its director.

1950, Lorenz established Max Planck Institute of Behavioral Physiology, and served as its director in 195 1 year.

Lorenz is an adjunct professor at Munich University from 1957 to 1973.

1958- 1973 Director of Max Planck Institute of Behavioral Physiology.

1973, he, K. Frish and Nicholas Dingbergen won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their research on animal behavior patterns. Retired the same year.

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