[Edit this paragraph] function:
1) has a high water content, up to 30%-45%. Moisture is beneficial to reduce the viscosity of oil and improve the stability of oil, but it reduces the calorific value of oil;
2) 2) The pH value is low, so the storage device is preferably made of acid-resistant materials;
3) The density is higher than that of water, and the ratio to water is about1.2;
4) There is a tendency of "aging", heating should not exceed 80℃, and light and air should be avoided;
5) Good lubrication performance.
6) Excellent environmental protection characteristics: low sulfur content, low emission of sulfur dioxide and sulfide, the biodegradability of biodiesel is as high as 98%, and the degradation rate is twice that of ordinary diesel, which can greatly reduce the environmental pollution caused by accidental leakage;
7) Good low-temperature engine starting performance;
8) Good safety performance: high flash point and safe transportation, storage and use;
[Edit this paragraph] Current situation of biodiesel industry
Biodiesel is a clean and renewable energy. It is a liquid fuel made of oil crops such as soybean, rapeseed, oil palm and Pistacia chinensis, and oil aquatic plants such as engineering microalgae, animal fat, waste oil from restaurants, etc. It is a good substitute for petroleum diesel. Biodiesel is a typical "green energy", and vigorously developing biodiesel has important strategic significance for sustainable economic development, promoting energy substitution, reducing environmental pressure and controlling urban air pollution.
Throughout the world, developed countries such as the United States, Germany and Japan, underdeveloped South Africa, Brazil and South Korea, and developing India and Thailand have provided good references for the development of oil substitution industries in terms of international policy system, technical perfection, equipment construction and vehicle manufacturing, paving the way for China to take the road of oil substitution with China characteristics. Brazil's experience, in particular, has more practical significance.
Biodiesel is a new industry in China, showing the market characteristics of many new industries in the early stage of industrialization. Many enterprises are attracted by the business opportunities highlighted by the dual "concepts" of green energy and agriculture-supporting industries, and have entered the industry one after another. Some people use "like mushrooms after rain" to describe the current situation of biodiesel. By the end of 2007, there were more than 2,000 biodiesel production plants in China, and the establishment and approval of similar projects in various places continued. The threat from abroad is even greater. Some foreign companies have strong financial strength, mature production technology and high degree of industrialization. They can take advantage of economies of scale to gain cost advantage and have stronger comprehensive ability to seize raw material base and market share.
From the perspective of future development, the buyers of biodiesel mainly include refineries, power plants, shipping companies and middlemen in the circulation field. The demand for biodiesel is increasing. It is predicted that by 20 10, the demand for biodiesel in China will reach 20 million tons/year. According to the national medium-and long-term renewable energy plan, the production capacity will be 200,000 tons/year. The contrast between demand and output will lead to the situation that the product is in short supply. The more people know about the excellent performance of biodiesel, the greater the acceptance and the increasing market demand. Strong market demand and limited production capacity reduce the bargaining power of buyers. At the same time, it also puts forward higher requirements for biodiesel production enterprises, and should increase investment in technological innovation and continuously improve oil quality to maintain a good quality image of biodiesel.
With the deepening of reform and opening up, in the process of global economic integration, China's economic level will be further improved, and its demand for energy will also increase. As long as the research results of biodiesel are transformed into productivity and industrialized, its application prospects in diesel engines, diesel power plants, air conditioning equipment, rural fuels and so on are very broad.
[Edit this paragraph] Production method
A method for synthesizing biodiesel from oil raw materials; Biodiesel prepared from animal oil and its preparation method: biodiesel and biofuel additive; Emulsifier for producing light diesel oil from waste animal and vegetable oil and its application: biomass liquefaction process and device with low cost and no pollution; Low-energy-consumption biomass pyrolysis process and device: a method for preparing biodiesel by rapid pyrolysis of microalgae: a depolymerization kettle for extracting gasoline and diesel from waste plastics, waste oil and waste vegetable oil residues, a method for preparing fuel gas by biomass gasification and a gasification reaction device; A method for extracting petroleum products from vegetable oil residues; A method for preparing synthesis gas by plasma pyrolysis of gasified biomass and a method for preparing biodiesel by hydrolyzing heterotrophic algae with amylase; A method for producing liquid fuel from biomass; The technological method of producing fuel oil from vegetable oil leftovers, the method of preparing bio-oil from biomass hydrolysis residues, and the production method of extracting gasoline and diesel from vegetable oil residues; Device and method for regenerating fuel oil from waste oil; Methods of removing colloid from FCC diesel oil: a new environmental protection process for refining fuel oil from waste rubber (waste plastics and waste engine oil), and a chemical refining method for total oxidized insoluble matter and colloid in diesel oil; Additives to prevent discoloration and gelation of diesel oil and gasoline; Flocculation separation treatment method of waste lubricating oil.
Simple process flow:
Biodiesel is an alternative diesel oil, which is composed of fatty acid alkyl monoesters from vegetable oil or animal fat. At present, most biodiesel is produced by soybean oil, methanol and an alkaline catalyst. However, most cheap oils that are not easily digested by human body can be converted into biodiesel.
Brief introduction of process flow:
(1) Physical refining: firstly, oil is hydrated or phosphoric acid treated to remove phospholipids, gums and other substances). The oil entering the deacidification tower is preheated, dehydrated and degassed, the residual pressure is maintained, and excessive steam is introduced. At the temperature of steam, the free acid is distilled together with steam. After condensation and precipitation, the free acid in the oil can be reduced to a very low amount except the free fatty acid, and the pigment can be decomposed to make the color lighter. Under the action of self-developed DYD catalyst, a variety of waste animal and vegetable oils were esterified and alcoholized at the same time to produce crude fatty acid methyl ester. (2) Pre-esterification of methanol: firstly, the oil is degummed by hydration, and floccules such as phospholipids and gums formed in the hydration process are removed by a centrifuge, and then the oil is dehydrated. Excess methanol was added to the raw oil, and pre-esterification was carried out in the presence of acidic catalyst to convert the free acid into methyl ester. The methanol water is distilled, and after fractionation, C 12- 16 methyl palmitate and C 18 methyl oleate are separated, without free acid.
(3) Ester exchange reaction: the pretreated oil and methanol, plus a small amount of NaOH as a catalyst, undergo ester exchange reaction at a certain temperature and atmospheric pressure to produce methyl ester. The two-step reaction was adopted, and the glycerol produced in the initial reaction was continuously removed through a specially designed separator, so that the transesterification reaction could be continued.
(4) gravity precipitation, water washing and layering.
(5) Separation of glycerol and acquisition of crude methyl ester.
(6) Dehydration of water, release of methanol, removal of catalyst and acquisition of refined biodiesel.
The whole process realizes closed cycle, and all raw materials are comprehensively utilized to realize clean production. Roughly described as follows: raw material pretreatment (dehydration, deodorization and purification)-reaction kettle (adding alcohol+catalyst +70℃)- stirring 1 hour-precipitation, separation and impurity removal-alcohol recovery.
[Edit this paragraph] Application
Biodiesel can be used as fuel for boilers, turbines and diesel engines. The main industrial application is fatty acid methyl ester.
Biodiesel is a kind of high-quality clean diesel oil, which can be extracted from various biomass and can be said to be an inexhaustible energy source. It is expected to replace oil as an alternative fuel in today's increasingly exhausted resources.
Diesel is the main power fuel for many large vehicles, such as trucks, diesel locomotives and generators. Its advantages are great power and low price. There is a great demand for diesel in China, and the main problem of diesel application is "black smoke". We often see black smoke trucks on the road. The main cause of black smoke is incomplete combustion, which causes serious air pollution, such as a large number of particulate dust and high CO2 emissions. According to the American Fuel Association, air pollution caused by engine fuel combustion has become the main problem of air pollution. For example, nitrogen oxides account for half of emissions from other industries, carbon monoxide accounts for two-thirds of emissions from other industries, and toxic hydrocarbons account for half of emissions from other industries. Nitrogen oxides and sulfides discharged from tail gas can combine with water in the air to form acid rain. Excessive carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide in tail gas will raise the atmospheric temperature, which is commonly called "greenhouse effect". In order to solve the problem of fuel tail gas pollution and worsening environmental pressure, people began to study the use of other fuels such as fuel alcohol instead of gasoline. At present, fuel alcohol has occupied a considerable proportion in North America such as the United States and Canada and South America such as Brazil and Argentina, and cars equipped with fuel alcohol engines have been put on the market. Fuel alcohol is not suitable for most high-powered vehicles that need diesel fuel, such as buses, diesel locomotives, tractors and other agricultural vehicles. Moreover, the tail gas pollution caused by diesel is far greater than that caused by gasoline, so people have developed a substitute for diesel-biodiesel.
In fact, Diesel, the inventor of the engine, said in the report of 19 12 Missouri Engineering Conference in the United States that "using rapeseed oil as engine fuel does not make much sense today, but it will become as important as oil and coal in the future". 1983, American scientists used rapeseed oil methyl ester in engines for the first time and burned it for 1000 hours. Renewable fatty acid monoester is defined as biodiesel. From 65438 to 0984, scientists in the United States and Germany studied using fatty acid methyl ester or ethyl ester instead of diesel as fuel, that is, using fatty acid monoesters from animals or plants, including fatty acid methyl ester, fatty acid ethyl ester and fatty acid propyl ester, to burn instead of diesel. Compared with traditional petroleum diesel, biodiesel has the following advantages:
Using renewable animal and plant fatty acid monoesters as raw materials can reduce the demand and import of petrochemical fuel oil; Environmental protection, the emission of toxic organic matter in biodiesel tail gas is only one tenth of that of ordinary diesel, particulate matter is 20% of that of ordinary diesel, and the emission of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide is only 10% of that of petroleum diesel, and there is no emission of sulfide, lead and toxic substances; Blending biodiesel can reduce the sulfur concentration from 500PPM to 5PPM.
There is no need to replace the engine, which has a protective effect on the engine.
[Edit this paragraph] Application of biodiesel in various countries in the world
At present, all countries in the world, especially developed countries, are committed to developing efficient and pollution-free biomass energy utilization technologies. Europe has become the main producer of biodiesel in the world. The United States, Italy and France have successively built dozens of biodiesel production devices.
The United States is the first country to study biodiesel. The total production capacity is1300,000 tons. The tax rate of biodiesel is 0%. The 600,000-kilometer driving test conducted by the United States in Yellowstone National Park showed no coking phenomenon, and the emission of air pollutants was reduced by more than 80%. In addition, the use of biodiesel also attracted brown bears 300 kilometers away to the park. American B20 uses 20% biodiesel, and the emission of tail gas pollutants can be reduced by more than 50%. In 1992, both the US Department of Energy and the Environmental Protection Agency proposed that biodiesel is a clean fuel. 1999, US President Bill Clinton signed a decree to develop biomass energy, in which biodiesel is listed as one of the key clean energy sources, and the state does not levy taxes on biodiesel. 1995, Japan began to study the production of biodiesel from the residual frying oil in restaurants. 1999 established an industrial experimental device with 259 liters/day of frying oil to produce biodiesel, which can reduce the raw material cost. At present, the annual output of biodiesel in Japan can reach 400,000 tons.
At present, there are 8 biodiesel factories and more than 300 biodiesel gas stations in Germany, and the standards for biodiesel have been formulated without taxation. In 2006, the output of biodiesel reached 654.38 million tons.
France, Italy and other European countries have established biodiesel enterprises. The experiment of biodiesel was carried out by Citroen Group of France, and the combustion test of 654.38+ 10,000 kilometers proved that biodiesel can be used in ordinary diesel engines. Its standard is to add 5% biodiesel to ordinary petroleum diesel.
It can be predicted that biodiesel, as an important clean fuel, will play an important role in the running of large vehicles.
[Edit this paragraph] ■ Analysis on the development status and industrialization prospect of biodiesel in China.
Development of biodiesel in China;
Our government has formulated some policies and measures to solve the problems of energy saving, substitution and environmental protection, and some scholars and experts have devoted themselves to the research and advocacy of biodiesel. Although the research and development of biodiesel in China started late, it has developed rapidly, and some scientific research achievements have reached the international advanced level. The research content involves the distribution, selection, cultivation, genetic improvement, processing technology and equipment of oil plants. At present, all aspects of research have achieved initial results, which will undoubtedly contribute to the further research and development of biodiesel in China. It can be predicted that in 2-3 years, China's research in this field will make a breakthrough and reach the practical level.
Academician Min Enze, a famous scholar, clearly put forward the topic of developing clean-fuel biodiesel for the first time in the book Green Chemistry and Chemical Engineering: the former Ministry of Machinery Industry and the former sinopec group allocated special funds in the 1980s, and the project was undertaken by Shanghai Internal Combustion Engine Research Institute and Yishan Agricultural Machinery in Guiwai for 10 year, and invited Zhan, an expert from China Petrochemical Research Institute, to do a lot of basic experiments and explorations; Mr. Shi Delu from China Agricultural Engineering Research and Design Institute also conducted experiments on biodiesel in 1985. The Sino-European cooperative research project undertaken by Liaoning Energy Research Institute also involves biodiesel; China University of Science and Technology, Henan Polytechnic University and Army Institute of Chemistry have also conducted research on biodiesel to varying degrees.
The systematic research began with the key scientific research project of Chinese Academy of Sciences during the Eighth Five-Year Plan period: "Research and application technology of oil plants", and completed the investigation of oil plant resources and the research of cultivation technology in Jinsha River basin, and established a 30-hectare Jatropha curcas cultivation demonstration film. Since the early 1990s, Changsha Institute of New Technology and Hunan Academy of Forestry have conducted cooperative research on energy plants and biodiesel for 65,438+00 years. During the Eighth Five-Year Plan period, the technology of preparing methyl ester fuel oil from bark oil and its combustion characteristics were studied. During the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, the national key scientific research project "Vegetable oil energy utilization technology" was completed.
1999-2002, Hunan Academy of Forestry undertook and presided over the introduction of foreign advanced forestry technology (948 Project) by the State Forestry Administration, that is, "Introduction of energy tree species Lvwangshu and its utilization technology", and introduced excellent clones of eucalyptus from South Africa, the United States and Brazil. Developed the milk extraction equipment of green Yushu; The composition and fuel characteristics of elm latex were studied. The catalytic cracking of elm latex achieved phased results.
However, compared with foreign countries, there is still a considerable gap in the development of biodiesel in China, which has remained in the primary research stage for a long time and failed to form the industrialization of biodiesel: the government has not yet put forward a set of policies and measures to support, preferential and encourage biodiesel, let alone formulate a unified standard for biodiesel and implement an industrialization development strategy. Therefore, after China's entry into WTO, it is more urgent to speed up the industrialization of efficient and clean biodiesel under the background of how to face the dual pressures of rapid economic development and environmental protection.
Prospect of biodiesel industrialization in China;
In 2003, driven by the sustained and rapid growth of the national economy, China's oil market demand grew strongly, and the total demand for refined oil increased by double digits, reaching 1 1.4%, an increase of 7.4 percentage points over the previous year, which promoted the substantial growth of oil imports and made China a big oil consumer and importer. There is a shortage of resources in the oil market, and prices have risen in an all-round way. According to the statistics of China Logistics Information Center, the cumulative average price of petroleum and its products in China in 2003 increased by 1 1.8% compared with the previous year. The preliminary analysis shows that the supply and demand situation of China oil market in 2004 is basically similar to that in 2003, and it will continue to maintain the pattern of strong consumer demand and basic balance between supply and demand, but it does not rule out the local and structural supply shortage caused by factors such as seasons and transportation. It is estimated that the consumption of crude oil in China in 2004 will be 270 million tons, and the net import may exceed 654.38 billion tons.
China is a net importer of oil, and its oil reserves are very limited. A large amount of imported oil poses a threat to China's energy security. Therefore, improving the quality of oil products is more practical for China. Biodiesel has three advantages: renewable, clean and safe. Experts believe that biodiesel is of great strategic significance to the adjustment of agricultural structure, energy security and comprehensive management of ecological environment in China. At present, automobile diesel has become a development direction of automobile industry. According to experts' prediction, by 20 1 0, the world demand for diesel oil will increase from 38% to 45%, and the supply of diesel oil is seriously insufficient, which provides a broad development space for the production of biodiesel from rapeseed. The development of biodiesel industry can also promote the rural, economic and social development of China. If we develop oil crops to produce biodiesel, we can find a way to transform agricultural and forestry products into industrial products, which will help adjust the agricultural structure and increase farmers' income.
The balance between supply and demand of diesel oil will also be the focus of the development of China oil market for a long time to come. Insiders pointed out that by 2005, with the increase of China's primary processing capacity, there will be some export space for gasoline and kerosene, while the supply gap of diesel oil is still large. It is predicted that by 20 10, the demand for diesel will exceed10 million tons, an increase of 24% over 2005. By 20 15 years, the market demand will reach about 65438+300 million tons. In recent years, although refining and chemical enterprises have continuously improved the diesel-steam ratio through continuous technical transformation, they still cannot meet the requirements of diesel-steam consumption. At present, the production ratio of diesel and steam is about 1.8, while the consumption ratio of diesel and steam in the market is above 2.0, and the consumption ratio of diesel and steam in Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou and other provinces is even above 2.5. With the acceleration of the western development process and the start of major infrastructure projects in the national economy, the contradiction between diesel and gasoline ratio is more prominent than before. Therefore, the development of biodiesel is not only in line with the direction of adjusting the oil structure and improving the ratio of diesel to gasoline in the petrochemical industry, but also has far-reaching significance.
At present, China's biodiesel technology has made great achievements: Hainan Zhenghe Bioenergy Company, Sichuan Gushan Grease Chemical Company and Fujian Zhuoyue New Energy Development Company have all developed technologies with independent intellectual property rights, and successively built production facilities with a scale of over 10,000 tons, which indicates that biodiesel, a high-tech industry, has been born in China.
The person in charge of China Academy of Engineering introduced that China's "Tenth Five-Year Plan" proposed the development of various petroleum substitutes, and identified the development of bio-liquid fuel as the national industrial development direction. Biodiesel industry has been supported by the leaders of the State Council, the State Planning Commission, the State Economic and Trade Commission, the Ministry of Science and Technology and other government departments, and has been included in the relevant national plans.
China is rich in raw material resources for the development of biodiesel. China has a vast territory, a large geographical span, different distribution of water and heat resources, and rich and diverse energy plant resources. The main families are Euphorbiaceae, Lauraceae, Myrtaceae, Apocynaceae, Compositae, Leguminosae, Cornaceae, hyacinthus orientalis and Rosaceae. At present, the development and utilization of biodiesel in China is still in its infancy. In order to reduce the cost of biodiesel as a whole and make it play a greater role in the transformation of China's energy structure, only by developing in the direction of base and scale, implementing intensive management and forming industrialization can we take the road of biodiesel development in line with China's national conditions. With the deepening of reform and opening-up, in the process of global economic integration, under the favorable situation of China's accession to the WTO, China's economic level will be further improved, and its demand for energy will increase. As long as the research results of biodiesel are transformed into productivity and industrialized, its application in diesel engines, diesel power plants, air conditioning equipment, rural fuels and so on will be very broad.
[Edit this paragraph] ■ Chemical production of biodiesel.
Biodiesel is produced by chemical methods. Bio-oil and low-carbon alcohol such as methanol or ethanol, sodium hydroxide (accounting for 65,438+0% of the oil weight) or sodium methoxide are used as catalysts. Under the condition of acidic or alkaline catalyst and high temperature (230 ~ 250℃), ester exchange reaction takes place to generate corresponding fatty acid methyl ester or ethyl ester, which is then washed and dried to obtain biodiesel. Methanol or ethanol can be recovered in the production process, and the production equipment is the same as the general oil-making equipment, and about 10% by-product glycerol is produced in the production process.
However, the chemical synthesis of biodiesel has the following disadvantages: high reaction temperature and complicated process; Excessive methanol is used in the reaction process, and the subsequent process must have a corresponding alcohol recovery device, which has complicated treatment process and high energy consumption; The moisture and free fatty acids in oil raw materials will seriously affect the yield and quality of biodiesel; The product purification is complicated, and the esterification product is difficult to recover; The by-products produced by the reaction are difficult to remove, and the use of acid-base catalysts produces a lot of wastewater, and the discharge of waste alkali (acid) solution is easy to cause secondary pollution to the environment.
There is also a cost problem that cannot be ignored in chemical production: the use of alkaline catalyst in the production process requires that the raw materials must be crude oil, such as unrefined rapeseed oil and soybean oil, and the raw material cost accounts for 75% of the total cost. Therefore, the key to the practical application of biodiesel is to use cheap raw materials and improve the conversion rate to reduce the cost. Therefore, the United States began to study plants with high oil content through genetic engineering (see the method of "engineering microalgae" below), Japan used industrial waste oil and waste frying oil, and Europe planted oil-rich crops on land unsuitable for growing food.
[Edit this paragraph] ■ Biodiesel is synthesized by biological enzyme.
In order to solve the above problems, people began to study the synthesis of biodiesel by biological enzyme method, that is, animal fat and low-carbon alcohol were esterified by lipase to prepare the corresponding fatty acid methyl ester and ethyl ester. Enzymatic synthesis of biodiesel has the advantages of mild conditions, low alcohol consumption and no pollution discharge. 200 1 Japan uses immobilized Rhizopus oryzae cells to produce biodiesel, the conversion rate is about 80%, and microbial cells can be used continuously for 430 hours.
On June 4th, 2005, China Environmental News reported that the pilot plant for producing biodiesel with biological enzyme in Tsinghua University was successful, and the yield of biodiesel in the pilot plant with new technology reached over 90%. The technical indicators of the pilot products meet the standards of biodiesel in the United States and Germany, and meet the standards of 0 # excellent diesel in China. The engine bench test of the pilot product shows that compared with the commercial petrochemical diesel, the concentration of main toxic components such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and smoke in the exhaust gas emitted by the engine is significantly reduced by using mixed diesel containing 20% biodiesel as fuel, and the engine power characteristics are basically unchanged.
Biodiesel synthesized by biological enzyme method has attracted more and more attention because of its mild reaction conditions, low alcohol consumption, no pollutant discharge and environmental friendliness. However, there are some problems to be solved urgently in the preparation of biodiesel by biological enzyme method: lipase is effective for esterification or transesterification of long-chain fatty alcohols, but the conversion rate of short-chain fatty alcohols (such as methanol or ethanol) is low, generally only 40%-60%; Methanol and ethanol are toxic to the enzyme and easy to inactivate it. By-products glycerol and water are difficult to recover, which not only form consistency with products, but also are toxic to enzymes. The existence of short-chain fatty alcohol and glycerol affects the reactivity and stability of the enzyme, which greatly shortens the service life of the immobilized enzyme. These problems are the main bottlenecks in the industrial production of biodiesel by biological enzyme method.
[Edit this paragraph] ■ Method for producing biodiesel by using "engineering microalgae"
The production of diesel by "engineering microalgae" has opened up a new technical way for diesel production. The National Renewable Laboratory (NREL) of the United States has constructed "engineering microalgae" through modern biotechnology, that is, "engineering microcystis" of diatoms. Under laboratory conditions, the oil content of "engineering microalgae" can be increased to over 60%, and outdoor production can also be increased to over 40%, while the oil content of microalgae is 5%-20% in general natural state. The increase of oil content in "engineered microalgae" is mainly due to the high expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) gene in microalgae cells, which plays an important role in controlling oil accumulation. At present, we are studying the selection of appropriate molecular vectors to fully express ACC gene in bacteria, yeast and plants, and further introduce the modified ACC gene into microalgae to obtain more efficient expression. Using "engineering microalgae" to produce diesel oil has important economic and ecological significance. Its advantages are: high microalgae production capacity, using seawater as natural culture medium, saving agricultural resources; The oil yield is dozens of times higher than that of terrestrial plants; The produced biodiesel does not contain sulfur, does not emit toxic gas when burning, and can be degraded by microorganisms when discharged into the environment without polluting the environment. Developing oil-bearing microalgae or "engineering microalgae" to produce biodiesel is a major trend.
[Edit this paragraph] ■ Current biodiesel standard
Many countries in the world have formulated standards for biodiesel, thus ensuring the quality of diesel and ensuring users to use biodiesel with more confidence.
The international standard of biodiesel is ISO 142 14A, and the other is ASTM D 675 1, which is adopted by the United States and legally confirmed by the US Environmental Protection Agency in the Clean Air Act of 21(b). Another widely recognized standard is DIN biodiesel series from Germany, which is the most detailed and systematic biodiesel standard so far. The standard system has different DIN standards for different raw materials: the RME (rapeseed methyl ester) and PME (plant methyl ester) biodiesel DIN E 5 1606 standard with rapeseed and plant seeds as raw materials, and the biodiesel DIN V 5 1606 standard with vegetable oil and animal fat as mixed raw materials. The European Union also promulgated the biodiesel standard EN 1424 1 in June 2003. In addition, Austria, Australia, Czech Republic, France, Italy, Sweden and other countries have also formulated biodiesel fuel specifications.
[Edit this paragraph] ■ German DIN V 5 1606 biodiesel standard.
The standard of biodiesel mainly evaluates the following components: the whole production process, the removal of glycerol, the removal of catalyst and the removal of alcohol to ensure that it does not contain free fatty acids. The evaluation indexes of biodiesel production standard include specific gravity, dynamic viscosity, flash point, sulfur content, residue, cetane number, ash, moisture, total impurities, triglycerides, free glycerol and so on. The standardization of biodiesel standards has greatly promoted the formal application and legalization of biodiesel in the automobile industry of these countries. At the same time, the recognition of biodiesel by a large number of countries is also promoting the internationalization of biodiesel as a new renewable bioenergy.
At present, biodiesel is mainly supplied in the form of mixed oil of biodiesel and petrochemical diesel, so the mixed oil is standard. For example, the blended oil of 5% biodiesel and 95% conventional diesel should meet the EN590(EN590:2000) standard issued in 2000. Any blended oil meeting this standard can be safely applied to all diesel engines. Although this mixed oil does not need to add any stabilizer, there are also proposals abroad that it is necessary to add such a clause in the standard of EN 590:2000: the mixed oil itself contains biodiesel.