When an earthquake happens, you should escape first, and then go out after the shaking stops. Don't stand in the middle of the room when hiding, but find a supportive place to hide in time. When you leave, take the stairs instead of the elevator.
When the vehicle is on fire: the vehicle should call the police in time, and then make full use of the fire-fighting equipment on the vehicle to actively save itself. If there is no fire fighting equipment or the number of fire fighting equipment is not enough, you can use clothes, quilts and other things to put out the fire.
When the subway breaks down: pay attention to the manual broadcast of the subway, obey the unified command and guidance of the staff, and evacuate in the specified direction. It is best to cover your nose with wet clothes, towels, masks and other fabrics, walk against the wind, and don't take a deep breath.
When falling into the water by boat: put on your life jacket quickly and send out a distress signal. Don't abandon the ship unless you have no choice. Once you abandon the ship, you should face the wind, cross your arms on your chest, hold down your life jacket, and cover your nose and mouth with your hands to dive.
When there is a fire in a tall building: don't get into the elevator to escape, use the stairs to save the emergency. When you live on a higher floor, you can tear sheets, curtains and other fabrics in the room into load-bearing strips and connect them into ropes, which are tied to the components of windows or balconies to escape to the fire-proof floor. When all the passages are cut off, the best shelter is the toilet.
In case of food poisoning: immediately call the emergency center 120, then stimulate the tongue root with fingers and chopsticks to induce vomiting, and drink plenty of warm water or light salt water to reduce the absorption of toxins.
When being hijacked: The most important thing is to keep calm as much as possible, and don't fight unnecessarily. At the same time, we should try our best to observe the characteristics of the hijackers and strive for clues for rescue or later case detection.
In case of scald: First aid and early treatment can prevent the injury from getting worse, infection and shock.
In case of burns:
1, it should be calm to get the injured out of the fire.
2. When clothes catch fire, immediately take off the burning clothes or roll on the spot to put out the flame. Don't run, lest the wind help the fire and aggravate the injury;
3, bedding, blankets, etc.
4. When scalded by high-temperature water or oil, immediately immerse the scalded part in cold water or rinse it with cold water or ice water to reduce the residual heat on the skin.
5. When severely scalded, do not apply medicine to the wound surface, and simply wrap it with sterile dressing or clean sheets to prevent further damage and pollution.
6. Keep warm in the cold season and go to the hospital as soon as possible.
Small area mild burn:
1. When blisters do not form in the early stage, those who are stung by red heat can be covered with vegetable oil, soybean oil, cooling oil and blue oil hydrocarbon, or covered with sterilized vaseline gauze, or wet compressed with soy sauce, which can play a role in reducing swelling and relieving pain.
2. If the blister has formed, first scrub the surrounding skin with 0. 1% bromogeramine solution or 75% alcohol, rinse the wound with normal saline or soapy water, pump out the liquid in the blister under aseptic conditions, and apply pressure to bandage the wound with trisulfonic acid ointment, tetracycline ointment, scald ointment or sterilized vaseline gauze.
Second degree scald: pay attention to prevent infection and give painkillers to relieve pain.
Large area scald: it must be sent to the hospital for emergency treatment immediately.
Swimming self-help method
1. Leg cramp
If the cramp occurs in shallow water, you can immediately stand up and push hard, or break your thumb with your hand and massage your calf to relieve it. If you are in deep water, you can take the posture of backstroke, straighten the cramped leg, swim to the shore with your hand and the other leg after a little relief, and then deal with it as mentioned above.
Choke on water
Don't panic when you suffocate, just adjust your breathing. If it happens in deep water and you feel too tired to continue swimming, you can ask someone else to help you go ashore and rest.
3. Abdominal pain
It is caused by abdominal shock. Be fully prepared before entering the water, such as massaging the abdomen and navel for a few minutes and wiping the chest, abdomen and whole body with a small amount of water to adapt to the water temperature. If you have abdominal pain in the water, you should go ashore immediately and keep warm. You can bring a bottle of Huoxiang Zhengqi water, and the abdominal pain will gradually disappear after drinking it.
dizzy
Swimming for too long or just on an empty stomach may cause dizziness and nausea, which is caused by fatigue and lack of oxygen. Pay attention to keep warm, massage muscles, drink some sugar water or eat some fruit. You will recover soon.
Self-help and mutual rescue method for critically ill patients
First aid for craniocerebral injury: First aid on site should stop bleeding and bandage. If the nose, ears, eyes and other five senses have been bleeding, do not use tampons and other hemostatic materials to stop bleeding, otherwise blood will accumulate in the skull, causing intracranial hypertension and infection. It should be allowed to flow out, and the spilled blood can be wiped off with a cleaning cloth. If there is a hematoma, apply a cold towel to the lump to promote dissipation. Coma patients should pay attention to keep the respiratory tract unobstructed.
First aid for angina pectoris: Patients should sit down or stay in bed. If they are outdoors, they should squat down and have a rest. Take nitroglycerin or indomethacin orally immediately. When there is no first-aid medicine for the time being, you can acupuncture or pinch the internal joints, which also has the functions of stopping headache, calming and promoting blood circulation.
First aid for acute myocardial infarction: stay in bed absolutely, avoid light and prevent bad stimulation. Oxygen should be inhaled in time when conditions permit. Oral nitroglycerin tablets. Eat fruit juice or semi-fruit juice to ensure the necessary calories and keep the stool unobstructed. Patients can only be transported under the guidance of a doctor.
First aid for stroke: medically speaking, stroke belongs to cerebrovascular accident. Family members or on-site personnel are not allowed to push or flip patients at will. Reduce the stimulation of light and sound. The patient should lie on his back, not put a pillow. To take off the patient's clothes, wrap the patient's tongue with gauze and pull it out, and promptly remove the mucus, secretions and vomit in his mouth to make the respiratory tract unobstructed. Put ice cubes or cold towels on the patient's forehead to help stop bleeding and reduce intracranial pressure. Keep a horizontal posture when carrying the patient.
Ten methods of children's self-care and self-help
How do children cope with emergencies and threats? The following ten methods can be used for reference.
First of all, pay attention to getting a feeling.
In a crisis, you should trust your intuition. Parents should not only warn their children to get uneasy feelings from people or things they contact, but also pay attention to listening and encourage their children to say things that they feel uneasy about.
Second, learn to recognize temptation.
Usually parents should tell their children to be wary of strangers asking for directions or asking for help to find lost pets. These are two common strategies used by criminals to kidnap children. For example, some criminals pretend to know you and call out your name (in fact, he may have seen the name embroidered on children's clothes or heard someone call you that when he was following you); Some criminals call themselves firefighters; Make up an emergency where your house is on fire, and so on. Parents should tell their children that no one, even the police and firefighters, can take their children away without the permission of their guardians.
Third, don't just focus on strangers.
Parents often tell their children, "Don't talk to strangers." What is a stranger? Children don't really understand that if they are asked to draw a stranger's face, they usually draw a terrible face. In fact, those who want to invade children usually put on an affable face. According to the survey, 90% of the suspects who commit sexual crimes against children are people that children know. Parents should especially remind girls not to go out alone or go anywhere with the opposite sex.
Fourth, learn to make phone calls loudly.
A weak child can't defeat an intruder, so there is no need to teach a child how to defeat an intruder with his fist, but a child can do many things that attract the attention of people around him. For example, using a bicycle as a cover makes it difficult for criminals to hijack you and call for help loudly, which will attract the attention and vigilance of onlookers and strive for the possibility of rescue.
5. Say bravely, "No!" ?
Every parent wants to cultivate a well-educated child, but also let the child know when to break the rules. For example, if someone threatens a child to do something rude or dangerous, bravely say "no!" " " ?
Sixth, let children speak freely.
In daily life, parents and children should communicate frequently. If the child is dissatisfied with someone, parents should not simply say that they are not allowed to speak ill of someone, but should analyze with the child and let the child speak freely. Once something unpleasant happens, or someone bothers him, the child can talk to someone he trusts. When a child knows that someone has been caring about him, it can relieve psychological pressure, reduce psychological harm, and let the bad guys get the punishment they deserve in time.
Seven, remove untouchable places
When the child is four or five years old, parents should explain to the child that the bathing suit covers a private area and no one has the right to touch it. Even if the doctor makes an examination, the guardian should be required to be present for supervision. This is the legal right of children.
There are many people who can help you.
Calling the police when you are in trouble is the most basic common sense, but this alone is not enough. If the police were not here, the child wouldn't ask anyone for help. Children should also know that workers in parks, shopping malls, cinemas and other places can ask for help, and one more chance will give them more hope for survival.
Nine, alert to the electronic field
Whether there is a computer at home or not, it is also very important for parents to tell their children to pay attention to safety matters in the electronic field. Children can use the Internet in schools, libraries and classmates' homes. Therefore, children should be told to keep some family and personal secrets and not to meet anyone they meet online easily.
Ten, in the game, exercise to enhance self-care and self-help ability.
It is not enough to tell children some ways to take care of themselves and save themselves. Maybe I remembered it then, but I forgot it later. The only way for children to master it is through role play and practice. After many drills, you can gradually master the essentials. In family games, parents can design a variety of possible situations, ask questions to their children and test their reaction ability. At the same time, we should practice how to maintain communication between parents and children.