Write whatever is on your mind. Analyzing a case, your point of view must be correct. Other attitudes should be optimistic and positive, and you can also answer questions according to your own reality. In fact, this kind of exam is more about attitude, so we should pay attention to neat handwriting, answer as much as possible, be honest and unambiguous when answering, and generally pass. But if you have time, you'd better read the textbook according to the teacher's key points. I'll give you some more information about my previous years, which can be referred to as follows: 1. Understand and analyze the problem 1. Any material enjoyment has a saturation point, beyond which it becomes a burden rather than enjoyment; There is no saturation point for spiritual enjoyment. On the contrary, the more you pursue it, the more it will lead you to a higher level and get satisfaction that you have never experienced before. Pursuing morality is a kind of spiritual enjoyment. Moral people can often fill the defects of wisdom, but wisdom can never fill the defects of morality. Key points of the answer: (Please note that this answer is a reference answer, not an absolute answer. Ask students to combine the content of this question or give examples when answering. If the students' views are inconsistent with this answer, but they can provide detailed arguments, justify themselves and answer the questions carefully, they can still score. ) that's right. This topic focuses on the significance of moral cultivation for individuals to settle down and settle down. Moral cultivation plays an important role in enhancing individuals' social adaptability, maintaining good physical and mental health and consciously practicing moral behavior. Moral people are more likely to gain the trust, support, support and cooperation of others, thus laying a good interpersonal foundation for personal career; Moreover, because morality is a heartfelt cognition, a spiritual and spiritual pursuit and cultivation, it also plays an important role in cultivating a sound psychology and personality. The value of life lies in dedication first, and then in personal self-struggle and success. Key points of the answer: the correct statement. The value of life is the unity of self-value and social value. Self-worth is the meaning of individual life to oneself, and social value is the meaning of individual life to society and others. As two aspects of life value, self-value and social value are inseparable. A life with no self-worth but no social value. Similarly, a life with no social value but no self-worth. But from the perspective of concrete life, the value of life lies in dedication first. Because people's self-worth can only be realized in society, a person can't realize the so-called self-worth without society. He must ask for it from society and others. With the help of society, he can struggle for himself and achieve his own success. 3. People can't live without faith. Without faith, there is no real character and life. However, the establishment of belief lies not in the pursuit of some abstract concept, but in the understanding and grasp of people's own essential strength and the direction of survival and development. This determines the scientific, ideal and powerful nature of faith. Key answer: This statement is incorrect. Faith is an advanced and special form of belief. Without faith, there is no clear purpose in life and independent personality. Therefore, without faith, there is no real character and life. The second sentence is also correct, but it is precisely because belief is not the pursuit of some abstract concept, but the understanding and grasp of human nature and the direction of survival and development. Therefore, belief is unscientific, and there are scientific and unscientific, advanced and backward. Man is inherently selfish, as Marx said: "No one can do anything unless he does something for his own needs and needs his organs." Therefore, human nature can only be selfish. Key answer: This statement is incorrect. As biological individuals, people, like other biological individuals, must be selfish in order to survive. The instinct of eating and drinking, sexual behavior and survival is a natural fact that both human beings and animals have natural attributes, so people have their own interests. Marx's words are said in this sense. But it is not correct to say that human nature is selfish. First of all, selfishness is not the same as egoism. Selfishness is a moral value judgment, and not all selfish behaviors are selfish behaviors. We usually say that a person's selfishness is said in the atmosphere of social relations. When a person's same behavior does not affect others, we usually don't say that he is selfish. Only when his behavior harms the legitimate interests of others can we say that his behavior is selfish. For example. 5. People are society, and society is people. Key answer: This statement is incorrect. People and society are unified in essence, and they are all composed of the sum of social relations. From this perspective, people are society and society is people. But people are different from society, because individuals cannot form society. Society is an organic collection of individuals. Generally speaking, moral cognition is the forerunner of moral behavior, and what kind of moral cognition will lead to what kind of moral behavior. Therefore, people with a higher level of moral cognition must have a higher virtue. Key answer: This statement is incorrect. Moral cognition is people's knowledge and understanding of social moral phenomena, codes of conduct and their significance. Moral behavior is a kind of behavior which is beneficial or harmful to society and others under the control of certain moral significance. It is the external expression of people's moral quality. Generally speaking, moral cognition plays a guiding role in people's moral behavior. Because of good moral cognition, people have better moral judgment and higher moral judgment, so it is easy for people to choose the right behavior. And many moral evils are actually caused by human ignorance. In this sense, what kind of "knowledge" usually has what kind of "behavior", and "knowledge" and "behavior" are unified. To make people have good virtue, we must attach importance to moral education and improve people's moral cognition. However, moral cognition and moral behavior are not the same concept. "Knowledge" and "action" are not always the same. The level of a person's moral cognition does not determine the level of his virtue. A person with good cultural literacy and good moral judgment may be an immoral person in practice, while a person without culture may also be a moral person in behavior. Therefore, a person's temporary moral behavior does not mean that a person has morality, and a person's temporary wrong behavior does not mean that a person is immoral. Therefore, a person with a good level of moral cognition can help him choose the right moral behavior and become a noble person. But whether he can become a virtuous person depends on whether he can consciously and voluntarily practice his "knowledge". Pursuing freedom is human nature, and responsibility means not being free. But only responsibility can explain that the selector is free. It is precisely because human behavior is the result of individual's free choice that everyone must be responsible for his own free choice. Key points of the answer: not completely correct. This topic examines the relationship between freedom and responsibility. The first sentence says that responsibility is not freedom. This is actually a distorted understanding of the relationship between freedom and responsibility. Freedom and responsibility are inseparable. What kind of freedom means what kind of responsibility, and what kind of responsibility means what kind of freedom. Please start here. Equality, survival and development are inherent human rights. We have no reason to deprive people of these rights, and there is no reason to make concessions in this regard. Therefore, collectivism emphasizes self-sacrifice for collective interests, which is fundamentally wrong in theory and practice. Key answer: This statement is incorrect. This statement is based on a misunderstanding of the nature of collectivism. Collectivism emphasizes the supremacy of collective interests, but it does not generally oppose individual interests, and it also requires individuals to make self-sacrifice for collective interests. There are certain conditions for self-sacrifice mentioned by collectivism. When there is no contradiction or small contradiction between individual interests and collective interests, collective interests will not and need not make individuals make self-sacrifice. When contradictions and conflicts often occur between collective interests and individual interests, but these contradictions and conflicts do not have to be solved at the expense of individual interests, collectivism will not and does not need to make individuals make self-sacrifice. For example, in a market economy, whether it is a state-owned enterprise or an individual enterprise, everyone generally abides by the rules of the market economy, and there is no question of who should obey whom. However, when personal selfish desires expand, such as selfishness, harming public interests and infringing on the interests of most people, collectivism will make individuals make self-sacrifice and is considered necessary. On the other hand, the individual's appeal is just, but it is limited by social objective conditions. Sometimes collectivism also requires individuals to make certain sacrifices, which is tragic and necessary. For example, the sacrifices made for national security and social stability when the country is in danger. At this time, for the sake of national interests and social stability, individuals stepped forward to resist foreign aggression, rescue and provide disaster relief, be brave and sacrifice their own interests. Collectivism thinks this is necessary and extremely grand. In a word, the individual sacrifice of collectivism is not an absolute sacrifice without principles and conditions. Second, the essay topic Some people say, "A sage can serve a gentleman, which is not enough to cure a villain; Legalists can serve both gentlemen and villains. It is the rule of virtue in the old country, which will be chaotic and even cut; If a country is governed by the rule of law, it must be governed and strong. " Others think that morality is a more positive binding force than law, prompting people to care about others; And the law is a negative sanction against acts that infringe upon the interests of others. Moreover, from the perspective of cost, moral restraint is low in cost but high in efficiency, and legal restraint is high in cost but low in efficiency. So morality is more important than law. Please closely combine the views reflected in these two paragraphs to analyze the special role of morality and law. A: The above viewpoints respectively reflect the viewpoints of "omnipotence of law" and "moral determinism". Starting from the different special functions of morality and law, these two theories draw two diametrically opposite conclusions. In fact, both views are biased. Morality and law are two different social norms with different functions and functions. Ask students to analyze. Teachers, you can master this question flexibly according to what you have said in class. But in principle, students are required to understand and express their views on the topic, and the particularity of the role of morality and law is the focus of discussion. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Please pay attention to this problem. Does a country have to choose rule by virtue or rule by law? The answer may be no, whether it is the rule of virtue or the rule of law, it is just a way of governing the country. As for which way is more reasonable, it depends entirely on people's cognitive level and objective reality. In fact, few countries in history have adopted the way of governing the country by law or by virtue. Usually, it is both moral and legal. The rule of virtue in ancient China also emphasized the combination of virtue and punishment. Some western countries full of the spirit of the rule of law also attach great importance to moral education for people. The essence of the problem is not whether a country knows how to use the power of law and morality in governing the country, but how to treat their special role in governing the country and how to understand morality and law. Therefore, students should understand this when they encounter similar problems, and then the problem will be solved. We can think from these aspects: How did morality and law come into being? What is the purpose of people producing these things? Are morality and law necessary for people's lives? What are the functions of morality and law? What is their scope of action? What are their shortcomings? As long as you have a basic understanding of these questions, you can answer any questions about law and morality in the future. Case 1: Dedication is the core and foundation of professional ethics, and its connection with spirit shows a consistent style and attitude. It requires us to be respectful to what we are engaged in, take it seriously, work hard, not be lazy, not slack off, and strive for perfection in our work. We can't always choose our jobs and other things to do according to our subjective wishes and hobbies, but whatever we do, we should take it seriously with a positive and optimistic attitude and do it well. At a lower level, dedication means that as long as it is our work, we must do it well. For example, doctors should heal the wounded and rescue the dying, and soldiers should not be afraid of sacrifice, obey orders and bravely resist the enemy. The teacher should preach and teach to dispel doubts. The reason for doing this is that we should do it in our corresponding occupations without attaching any other conditions. At a higher level, professionalism requires that we should not only regard what we are engaged in as a rice bowl, but should understand what we are engaged in as a career, treat it with professionalism and regard it as the embodiment of our own life value. Abide by the law, respect teachers, take knowledge and cultivate the ability to stand on the world as their own responsibility, yearn for science, study hard basic theoretical knowledge and professional skills, strive to improve their own quality, such as scientific and cultural literacy, ideological and moral literacy, physical and mental literacy, and learn to be a man. (1) Society is made up of various social relations between people. Without people, there is no society. Although the animal kingdom also has a group life similar to human beings, they have not formed such a complicated and intertwined relationship like human beings. The behavior between animals is mainly instinctive activity, which is a cyclical cycle and lacks innovation. Society is the basic form and space of human activities, the unique lifestyle of human beings and the sum total of various social relations formed by people. Without people, there is no society. People are people in the society, people do not exist without society, and individuals who are divorced from society cannot exist. Man and society are unified in essence. (2) The nature of man and society determines that man must know how to cooperate and get along with others. Only in this way can he better embody human nature and the characteristics of being a man. Only when people know how to cooperate with others can they complete their socialization, integrate into society, and draw nourishment for their survival and development from society (this meaning is freely played by students). Case 4: Collectivism is different from small groups and circles in daily language. It is a philosophical category with qualitative and quantitative provisions. The relationship between collectives and individuals in collectivism mainly refers to the relationship between individuals and the whole, and the relationship between individuals and society. The relationship between the individual and the whole refers to the relationship between the whole and its sub-parts, not the relationship between the whole and things outside the whole. This collective must represent the interests of its internal members, and the collective interests can reflect the interests of the vast majority of its internal people. It is a free association formed by its members freely and voluntarily on the basis of interest ties. 2. This statement is based on a misunderstanding of the nature of collectivism. Collectivism emphasizes the supremacy of collective interests, but it does not generally oppose individual interests, and it also requires individuals to make self-sacrifice for collective interests. There are certain conditions for self-sacrifice mentioned by collectivism. When there is no contradiction or small contradiction between individual interests and collective interests, collective interests will not and need not make individuals make self-sacrifice. When contradictions and conflicts often occur between collective interests and individual interests, but these contradictions and conflicts do not have to be solved at the expense of individual interests, collectivism will not and does not need to make individuals make self-sacrifice. For example, in a market economy, whether it is a state-owned enterprise or an individual enterprise, everyone generally abides by the rules of the market economy, and there is no question of who should obey whom. However, when personal selfish desires expand, such as selfishness, harming public interests and infringing on the interests of most people, collectivism will make individuals make self-sacrifice and is considered necessary. On the other hand, the individual's appeal is just, but it is limited by social objective conditions. Sometimes collectivism also requires individuals to make certain sacrifices, which is tragic and necessary. For example, the sacrifices made for national security and social stability when the country is in danger. At this time, for the sake of national interests and social stability, individuals stepped forward to resist foreign aggression, rescue and provide disaster relief, be brave and sacrifice their own interests. Collectivism thinks this is necessary and extremely grand. In a word, the individual sacrifice of collectivism is not an absolute sacrifice without principles and conditions. Moreover, collectivism will never blindly follow the opinions and demands of the majority, and it is understandable to criticize the minority at will. Second, the short answer 1, how to understand the relationship between personal ideals and social ideals?

(1) The relationship between personal ideals and social ideals is essentially a reflection of the relationship between individuals and society at the ideal level. Personal ideal and social ideal are dialectical and unified, which are interrelated and influenced, different and restricted.

(2) Social ideal is the core of human ideal, because it pursues the interests of the whole society and most people, and it contains the ideals and interests of every member of society, which determines, influences and restricts individual ideals. The ultimate realization of personal ideal must depend on the realization of social ideal.

(3) Personal ideal embodies social ideal, and social ideal cannot be separated from personal ideal.

(4) Correctly handling the relationship between personal ideals and social ideals is of great significance to contemporary college students. The establishment of college students' personal ideals cannot be divorced from the social reality of contemporary China; We should consciously integrate our personal ideals into the great socialist ideals and realize our personal ideals through efforts to realize social ideals.

2. How to establish a correct concept of career choice and entrepreneurship?

(1) Choosing a job and starting a business is a problem that every college student has to face. The so-called career choice refers to the process that individuals actively choose their own jobs according to their own wishes and social needs; The so-called entrepreneurship is a practical process of opening up new jobs, expanding the scope of professional activities and creating new achievements by giving full play to one's initiative and creativity. In a person's career, choosing a job and starting a business are not two isolated links. Choosing a job is the foundation of starting a business, and starting a business is the inherent requirement of choosing a job. In real life, choosing a job and starting a business are often interrelated and cannot be completely separated.

(2) Self-employment and active entrepreneurship are the objective requirements put forward by the society for contemporary college students.

(3) To establish a correct concept of job selection, we should: establish lofty career ideals and attach importance to the realization of life value; Obey social needs and pursue long-term interests; Lay a solid foundation and make full preparations.

(4) College students should not only establish a correct concept of choosing a job, but also establish a correct concept of starting a business: first, they should be mentally prepared to start a business actively; The second is to have the courage to dare to start a business; The third is to improve entrepreneurial ability.