[Edit this paragraph] Personal life
Zhang Boling (1876 ~ 195 1), a modern educator, was originally named Shou Chun and his real name was Ling Bo. 1876 was born in a scholar's family in Tianjin on April 5 (March 11) in Guangxu. In his early years, he entered Beiyang Naval Academy to learn driving. 1897 after graduation, he served in the navy and soon left to return to Tianjin to teach in Jiaguan. During 1904, Zhang Boling went to Japan for further study. After returning home, he converted his family library into a private middle school and named it Dedication School. 1907, a new school building was built in Katie in the south of Tianjin, which was called "Nankai" by the people and later renamed Nankai Middle School. From then on, it became famous, and now Nankai District of Tianjin is named after it. 19 17 autumn, went to Columbia University to study and educate, and returned to China the following year to start preparations for Nankai University. 19 19 starts school in autumn. 1923 Nankai girls' middle school was established. The experimental primary school was founded in 1928. Before 1937, Nankai had formed a complete system from primary school to middle school to university. He served as the principal for more than 40 years and trained many talents. Zhang Boling advocates saving the country through education, and the principle of running a school is mainly science and engineering education. He opposes students' participation in social and political activities, but he also protects progressive teachers and students.
After the July 7th Incident, Nankai was bombed into ruins by Japanese planes. The undergraduate department first moved to Changsha, then moved to Kunming, and formed the National Southwest Associated University with Peking University and Tsinghua. Zhang Boling is the standing committee member of the school committee. 1936, forced by the form of the Anti-Japanese War and the urgency of the survival and development of Nankai School, Zhang Boling personally entered Sichuan, bought more than 800 mu of land in Bayu Jialingjin and Chongqing, and founded Chongqing Nankai Middle School, which was praised by millions of Chongqing people as "fertile ground for talents and cradle of academicians". 1938 in July, Zhang Boling served as deputy speaker of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. In the same year, he joined the Kuomintang of China, and 1945 was elected as a member of the Central Supervision Commission. In June, 1946, Columbia University awarded an honorary doctorate in literature. 1948 In June, he served as the president of Nanjing National Government Examination Institute, and soon resigned. 1949 refused to go to Taiwan Province province and stayed on the mainland. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Zhang Boling praised the policies of the people's government and called Zhou Enlai to congratulate him. 1950 May, from Chongqing to Beijing, was welcomed by Premier Zhou Enlai. 195 1 passed away in Tianjin on February 23rd. On April, 2004, 10/0, Zhang Boling Memorial Park was established in Tianjin Yuanbaoshan Life Memorial Park.
Zhang Boling is a famous patriotic educator in China. In his youth, he witnessed the corruption and incompetence of the Qing government and the bullying of China by imperialist powers. In order to resist foreign aggression and revitalize China, he decided to set up education and educate young people with patriotism and scientific knowledge. For nearly half a century, he has gone through hardships, worked hard, stumbled and persevered. He started from the home where he taught "New Learning" and founded Nankai Middle School, Nankai University, Nankai Girls' Middle School, Nankai Primary School and Chongqing Nankai Middle School step by step, which trained many outstanding talents for the country.
Zhang Boling is a patriotic educator who keeps pace with the times. He gradually saw the future of China from his personal experience of running a school all his life. At the critical moment of the historical turning point, he focused on the interests of the country and the nation and showed the integrity of a real educator. Zhang Boling's life is a life of progressive patriotism. He started his business in Nankai and made great contributions to the development of modern education in China.
Zhang Boling's Late Realm
Zhang Boling was born in Nankai series schools all his life and was called "Mr. Nankai". During most of his seventy-five years in the world, he was happy for Nankai School and worried about Nankai School. He tried his best and never kept it. However, in his last few years, due to social and political reasons (for example, 1948 served as the examination dean of the Kuomintang government), educators added complicated factors, which made him fall into a dilemma from joy to sadness, and finally died of depression in the South Campus, feeling that his career was completely denied. Such a helpless ending seems to be a personal tragedy at first glance. In the face of turbulent political situation, one careless move will lose the game. However, if we explore deeply, the tragedy may not only belong to Zhang Boling himself. ...
1949 165438+ Chungking/kloc-0 was liberated at the end of 0/0, and Zhang Boling, who stayed here temporarily, is 74 years old. He only stayed in New China for a short period of one year, two months and more than twenty days. In the meantime, he suffered two strokes, the first in Chongqing 1950 and 1. Fortunately, he recovered after treatment. The second time in Tianjin 195 1 February, died 9 days after onset. Regarding Zhang's later life, the existing written materials are not complete, and there are many questions or contradictions. The general feeling is that Zhang Boling's situation is not good, her mental state is depressed, and she is constantly stimulated by the outside world, so it is difficult to integrate into the new era when the world is changing.
A few days before Chongqing changed hands, Chiang Kai-shek and his son urged Zhang Boling to go to Taiwan Province Province or the United States three times in a row, but Zhang declined and stayed in the mainland. Zhang Wan's excuse for refusing Chiang Kai-shek is said to be "old and sick, which is not conducive to long-distance flight" (Zhao's Chronicle of Zhang Boling), but according to the observation of Nankai alumni who had contacted Zhang at that time, Zhang was "mentally weak and exhausted, and would like to die in his hometown". Obviously, physical factors cannot be ignored. However, judging from his meeting with some Nankai alumni in Tianjin a few months before his death, he said that "Nankai is full of alumni, Zhou Enlai in Beijing and Wu Guozhen in Taiwan Province", and he may be sure to choose to stay in the mainland. Those who have always been good at United front work will probably not let the old headmaster "fall overseas" easily, and it is not clear through what specific channels he passed the information to Zhang. However, because Zhang Boling stayed in the mainland, the banner of Nankai split politically, and Nankai alumni on both sides of the Taiwan Strait obviously endowed him with different political colors, so that two "wills" with diametrically opposite political orientations circulated behind him. ...
In New China in the early 1950s, Zhang Boling undoubtedly received special protection from Zhou Enlai, an early student. Politically, he did not liquidate the military and political officials of the old regime. Mr and Mrs Zhang flew back to Beijing. Under the arrangement of Zhou Enlai, they stayed in the mansion for nearly half a year. The reason is that Zhou Enlai thinks that Zhang Boling's immediate return to Tianjin may cause the struggle of radical students. 1in mid-September, 950, Zhang Boling finally returned to his hometown, but "the battlements are still there, and his face is no longer there". At that time, the progressive teachers and students in Nankai did not welcome the returning old principal, and their attitude was indifferent. Many students thought he was a "war criminal", but he was lenient if he didn't register with the government as a counter-revolutionary. Only a group of old friends in Nankai gave him some emotional comfort, which was still human. He hoped to stay in Nankai University for a period of time during the summer vacation, and specifically sought the opinions of the Party branch of Nankai University, but he didn't get any reply. Soon, the anniversary of Nankai came, and he prepared to attend related activities early, but Nankai Middle School refused to let him in, and Nankai University only arranged for him to take a general seat in related activities. Since then, he has become silent and lonely, often sitting in his bedroom, knocking his head with his hand, looking depressed and sighing, feeling that all his work in this life has been denied ... Compared with the angry tiger who has been "frustrated and brave" and constantly striving for self-improvement for most of his life, his later life is bleak and helpless, suitable for two poles.
After Zhang Boling's death, the mainland news media was silent. Except for Zhang's Mourning Qi and Zhang Boling's Will drafted by others, there was no comment or in-depth report. Even the Prime Minister of the State Council, Zhou Enlai, did not publicly disclose the news that he personally went to offer condolences. It seems that this was just a personal activity. When reading Zhang's will, he expressed regret from a political height and said, "Unfortunately, there are two sentences missing, that is, Zhang Boling wants to express regret and bow to the people." (See Zhang Boling's President of Nankai University, edited by Liang Jisheng, 352 pages, Shandong Education Press, 2003. It was not until 44 days after Zhang Boling's death that Zhang's friends and students held a small memorial service in the auditorium of Nankai Girls' Middle School. The eulogist is Mr. Zi Zijian, Secretary-General of Nankai University and ghostwriter of Zhang Wills (Mainland Edition). This lengthy eulogy is a mixture of old and new ideas, full of deep feelings and clumsy efforts to follow the words of the times. It was a rare goodwill memorial in the social atmosphere at that time. It reads: ... Zhang Boling has worked hard for education and China for more than 40 years, running around and hitting a wall everywhere, failing to get up again, failing to get up again, and struggling harder and harder. He is the initiator of China's new education and a generation of famous teachers. But it should be reminded that Zhang Boling was born in the era of Sun Yat-sen, not Mao Zedong. He is a sincere patriot, even his political mistakes. Because of his patriotism, he pinned his hopes on the wrong places, such as taking Chiang Kai-shek as the savior of China. However, he felt sorry for his slip in the last festival, lamented that he could not take part in the work of this great era, lamented that he was abandoned by the new China, lamented that he had no place in the new society, lamented that he was not as good as his old friend Yan Huiqing, lamented that his life's hard work was denied, lamented that Nankai Middle School, which had worked hard all his life, never knew him again, and lamented that he could not be allowed to sit in the auditorium on the anniversary day. He was extremely sad.
At the end of the eulogy, I listed Zhang Boling's feelings after reading Mao Zedong's "On New Democracy", especially demonstrating that some people said that Zhang Boling bowed to Chairman Mao, the representative of the people's will, not in a formal way. If that day is a holiday, the elderly may have to do some useful educational work under the banner of new democracy. ...
This eulogy was published nearly 30 years later.
Since then, Zhang Boling has been criticized by various departments of Nankai University, such as "despicable character", "unlearned", "public education aims at promoting to a higher position and serving Chiang Kai-shek", "running a school is reformism" and so on. The theory of "killing the heart" has been poured on Zhang Boling who died recently like sewage. Some units require teachers to express their opinions one by one, and send working groups to give special guidance on the problems that are difficult to understand in the process of criticism. Even if some old faculty members made "discordant voices", they were immediately drowned in a political condemnation. 1960 The History of Nankai University published by the school totally denied Zhang Boling.
Overseas reaction and evaluation of Zhang Boling's death is another matter. Newspapers and news organizations in Hongkong, Taiwan Province Province and the United States responded quickly and strongly. The New York Times published a special article praising Zhang Boling, president of Nankai University, as "an important educator". Taiwan Province Province held public sacrifices from all walks of life, Chiang Kai-shek personally delivered a eulogy, and almost all party and government elders rushed to attend. Alumni from Nankai, Taiwan Province, then sorted out relevant commemorative books, commemorative anthologies, biographies and monographs, and spoke highly of Zhang Boling's achievements in running a school. Of course, there are many political factors involved.
It was in the 1980s that the cognition of Zhang Boling on both sides of the Taiwan Strait tended to be consistent or close. Nankai people in the two places have the feeling that "alumni are here for the rest of their lives after the robbery, and they will meet and laugh." Zhang Boling is not only a banner of Nankai, but also a rather unique winner in the field of modern education in China. His experience in his later years certainly illustrates the subtle relationship between education and politics, and also reflects the harsh reality that there was no middle ground for political confrontation in those years.