Probability theory is a very important subject in graduate mathematics, and the books that can be used for review are:
1, Advanced Mathematics, Tongji University Press, seventh edition.
2. Linear Algebra, Tongji University Press, seventh edition.
3. Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics, Zhejiang University Press, Fourth Edition.
4. Real questions over the years: analysis of real mathematical questions over the years, 660 basic mathematical questions, 400 classic full-reality simulation questions, etc.
Probability theory is a branch of mathematics that studies the quantitative laws of random phenomena. Random phenomenon is relative to decisive phenomenon, and the inevitable occurrence of a certain result under certain conditions is called decisive phenomenon. For example, at standard atmospheric pressure, when pure water is heated to 100℃, water will inevitably boil.
Random phenomenon means that under the same basic conditions, before each experiment or observation, it is uncertain what kind of results will appear, showing contingency. For example, when you flip a coin, there may be heads or tails. The realization and observation of random phenomena are called random experiments.
Every possible result of random test is called a basic event, and a basic event or a group of basic events is collectively called a random event, or simply called an event. Typical random experiments include dice, coins, playing cards and roulette.
The probability of an event is a measure of the possibility of an event. Although the occurrence of an event in random trials is accidental, those random trials that can be repeated in large numbers under the same conditions often show obvious quantitative laws.
Probability theory is a branch of mathematics that studies the quantitative laws of random phenomena, and it is a science that studies the possibility of things happening. But the origin of probability theory is related to gambling. /kloc-In the 6th century, Italian scholar gerolamo cardano began to study some simple problems in gambling such as dice.
Some concepts and simple methods of probability statistics were mainly used in gambling and demographic models in the early days. With the social practice of human beings, people need to understand the inevitable regularity implied in various uncertain phenomena and study the possibility of various results by mathematical methods, thus generating probability theory and gradually developing into a rigorous discipline.
The method of probability and statistics has penetrated into various fields day by day, and is widely used in natural science, economics, medicine, financial insurance and even humanities.