A comprehensive university, usually called Universit? T, focus on teaching and scientific research. These schools can award diplomas to Diplom, Magister Artium and Doctor. Higher vocational colleges, usually called junior colleges, mainly train applied talents. Students can get DiplomaFH after 4-5 years of professional study. Some professional colleges and universities also offer the course of continuing English education (Aufbaustudium), which lasts for one and a half to two years, and you can get a master's degree after graduation. Applicants generally require a bachelor's degree or equivalent. Under normal circumstances, higher vocational colleges have no right to confer doctoral degrees.
The teaching language in German universities is mainly German, and some universities have gradually opened international courses in English teaching in recent years. Foreign students usually need to pass the German Entrance Test (DSH) or the German as a Foreign Language Test (Daf). German universities have two semesters each academic year, from June 10 to February and from April to July.
Education system
The main purpose of higher education is to cultivate research-oriented talents. For the creation and development of new knowledge and academic research, there are about 6.5438+0.9 million people studying in universities in Germany today, and it is estimated that by 2065.438+0.65438+0, this number will increase to 2.2 million to 2.4 million.
The threshold for entering the higher education system is mainly Abitur who graduated from high school. According to the requirements of various departments, the conditions he should have are also different. Studying for a degree must also be completed in accordance with the development of learning and the examination system.
Elite university
Germany's elite universities, which originated from the German University Excellence Initiative (German: Exzellenzinitiative), were initiated by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research and the German Science Foundation, aiming at perfecting the plan to promote scientific research and academic innovation in German universities. The plan includes funding specific excellent universities and funding the research of outstanding young researchers in specific universities; Strengthen cooperation between universities and projects; Strengthen the cooperative research between German universities and international academic institutions and universities.
German elite universities are not lifelong, and they implement a five-year rolling selection system. From 20 12 to 20 17, there are * *1"elite universities", 3 universities of science and engineering (technical university of munich, Dresden University of Technology and Aachen University of Technology) and 8 universities of arts and sciences (Heidelberg University, Free University of Berlin and Humboldt University of Berlin). The universities of G? ttingen, Freiburg and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology were eliminated. For details, see Baidu's entry "German elite university".
All the elite universities selected are as follows: Is the nature of elite member universities the establishment of doctoral conferment right? Selected Graduates and the number of unsuccessful candidates are1472440002006/2012, and technical university of munich is1868320002006/2012 respectively. He was re-elected to Aachen University of Technology as1870379172007/2012438+0388 442822012, and was finally elected to the University of Bremen with the country number197/kloc-0.
TU9 is a federation of German technical universities and a joint platform of nine top industrial universities in Germany. TU9 has a complete range of disciplines, among which machinery, electronics, materials, architecture, chemical engineering, biomedicine and other disciplines enjoy a high reputation in the world. The goal of TU9 Alliance is to provide a standardized teaching mechanism and ensure the sharing of resources among universities. See Baidu entry "TU9" for details. TU9 member universities are as follows: What is the university nature of the federal state where the member universities are located? When was the right to confer doctors established? Number of students in Aachen University of Technology.
RWTH Aachen North Rhine-westfalen is 1870379 17 technical university of munich.
University of technology? T Munich Bavaria is 186832000 Dresden University of Technology.
University of technology? TDresden Saxony is 182836592 Berlin University of Technology.
University of technology? T Berlin Berlin State is 17703 1962 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology.
Karlsruhe r Institut fü r Technologie Baden-Wü rttemberg is 182523905 darmstadt University of Technology.
University of technology? T Hesse, darmstadt 18772502 1 University of Stuttgart.
University? T Stuttgart Baden-Wü rttemberg is 182924642 Leibniz-Hanover University.
Leibniz University? Lower Saxony 183 122236 Brunswick University of Technology.
Tubraunchweig Lower Saxony is where the number of students was 1745 16365 when medieval universities were founded. University of Heidelberg1386 26,500 University of Leipzig in Heidelberg 1409 29. 500 University of Rostock, Leipzig141914,000 glaive Sward University 65444 Aachen North Rhine-Aachen University of Technology, University of Augsburg, westfalen, augsburg, Bavaria? Otto Friedrich University and Bambeck University in augsburg, Bavaria? Bombeck Bombeck University? Free University of Bayreuther, Free University of Berlin, Bavarian Bayreuther? Humboldt University of Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin? Technical University of Berlin, Technical University of Berlin? University of Berlin? Bielefeld University in Berlin? Ruhr University in bielefeld, Bochum University, bielefeld, westfalen? T Bochum North Rhine-westfalen Bochum Bonn-Rhine-Sieger River Universities of Applied Sciences University Bonn-Rhine-Sieger River North Rhine-westfalen Saint Augustine Rheinbach Friedrich-Wilhelm University? Bonn Brunswick University of Technology? T University of Jacob in Brunswick University of Bremen University of Bremen? Technische Universit, chemnitz University of Technology, Bremen? Chemnitz University of Science and Technology, Saxony Kloster University of Technology, chemnitz? Brandenburg University of Technology, Klustal Cottbus, Lower Saxony? Cottbus University of Technology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Cottbus? Darmstadt Dortmund University of Technology, Hesse, darmstadt? Dortmund North Rhine-westfalen Dortmund Dresden University of Technology? Dresden University university of duisburg-essen, Dresden, Saxony? Heinrich Heine University, North Rhine-Duisburg, university of duisburg-essen, westfalen? Dü sseldorf North Rhine-westfalen Dü sseldorf University? Sister? Tt Erfort University? Erfurt-Friedrich-Alexandria University, Erfurt-Nuremberg University? Herun-Nuremberg Hellem, Bavaria, Germany, flensburg University, Nuremberg? Flensburg Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt University, flensburg? Is Frankfurt am Main or Europa University? Frejborg University of Technology? University of Freiburg, Frejborg, Saxony? University of Baden-Wü rttemberg in Frejborg, University of Hesse in Fulda, University of Furtwangen? t Gie？ Georg-August-Universit, University of G? ttingen, Hesse? t G？ University of tü ngenster-Moritz-arndt, Greifswald University, G? ttingen, Lower Saxony? T Grievold, Grievold, University of Finland, Hagen Distance University? T in Hagen Martin-Luther-North Rhine-westfalen University Hagenhall-Wittenberg? Thall-Wittenberg Saxony-Anhalt Halley, wittenberg Hamburg Law School Bucerius Hamburg-Halburg Technical University? University of Hamburg. University of Hamburg. Hamburg, Hamburg Helmut-Schmidt University. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University, Hanover University, Hamburg? University of Hanover, University of Heidelberg, Hanover, Lower Saxony? Heidelberg Baden-Wü rttemberg University Heidelberg, hildesheim? Hildesheim University. T Hornheim Hornheim (suburb of Stuttgart) Technical University, Ilmenau University of Technology? Friedrich Schiller University, Ilmenau University, Thuringia? Jena Thuringia Jena Kaiserslautern University of Technology? Castle University Institute of Technology? Castle. Hesse. Castle University? Schleswig-Holstein koblenz-Landau University? Koblenz-Rhineland-koblenz, Pfalcz, Cologne Universities of Applied Sciences College? In North Rhine-Cologne, westfalen University? T zu k? At the University of Konstanz in North Rhine-westfalen? T konstanz Baden-Wü rttemberg Leipzig Higher Conservatory of Music Leipzig School of Music and Drama Leipzig University of Leipzig, Saxony Leipzig University of Leipzig Leipzig University of Leipzig Leipzig University of Leipzig University of Leipzig University of Leipzig Telecommunication Application College? T Leipzig, Lü beck Conservatory of Music, Lü beck Conservatory of Music, Leipzig, Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein, Lü beck University? Lubeck Schleswig-Holstein University, University of Lü beck? Lueneburg Otto von Glick University, magdeburg University, Lueneburg? Magdeburg Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz University, magdeburg? University of Mainz Mannheim, Pfalcz? T Philip University in Baden-Wü rttemberg, Mannheim? Marburg Hesse Marburg Munich Film and Television Academy technical university of munich technical university of munich? Munich Bundeswehr University Munich Bavarian University? German Bundeswehr Munich Munich Universities of Applied Sciences Munich College North Rhine-westfalen Munich University? Lisa Williams University? T münster Carl von Ossietzky University Mü nster of North Rhine-westfalen University? University of Oldenburg, Osnabrü ck University, Lower Saxony, oldenburg? T University of Padborn, Osnabrü ck, Lower Saxony? North Rhine-westfalen University in Paso? T Paso Paso Potsdam University of Applied Sciences Fachhochschule Potsdam Brandenburg Potsdam Potsdam University? Potsdam Brandenburg University of Regensburg? Regensburg Rostock University? Former Pomerania Rostock University? University of Salz-Brucken, University of Siegen and Humboldt University? North Rhine-westfalen Siegen Stuttgart Media College Stuttgart Baden-Wü rttemberg University Medical College? University of Trierbatten-Wü rttemberg in Stuttgart? Kars University in Trierweiling-eberhard, Trierwingen University, Pfalcz? University of Baden-Wü rttemberg in Tubingen, university of ulm? Bauhaus University, Ulm Weimar University, Baden-Wü rttemberg? Weimar Witten/Heldek University, Weimar Thuringia? Twetten/Herdeke Bergische University, Wittenwuppertal University? University of Wuppertal Julius maximilian Wuppertal Wü rzburg? Wü rzburg, Bavaria