How to identify halogenated hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenols, ethers and carboxylic acids?

Sodium hydroxide aqueous solution: halogenated hydrocarbon (hydrolysis), phenol (neutralization), carboxylic acid (neutralization) and ester (hydrolysis)

Such as ch 3c H2 cl+NaOH = = ch 3c H2 oh+NaCl.

Ch3cooch2ch3+naoh== (arrow) ch3coona+ch3ch2oh

Alcohol solution of sodium hydroxide: halogenated hydrocarbon (elimination)

Potassium permanganate: alcohol (oxidation), phenol (oxidation) and aldehyde (oxidation to carboxylic acid)

Ferric chloride: phenol (color reaction, purple)

Copper hydroxide: aldehyde (oxidation, carboxylic acid, brick red precipitation), carboxylic acid (neutralization)

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