Benjamin Franklin (170617-1790 April17) was born in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. He is a famous American politician, scientist, publisher, printer, journalist, writer and philanthropist. He is also an outstanding diplomat and inventor. He was one of the important leaders in the American revolution, participated in drafting many important documents, and served as the American ambassador to France, which successfully won France's support for American independence. Benjamin Franklin did many electrical experiments and invented the lightning rod. He also invented bifocal glasses, frog shoes and so on. Benjamin Franklin was a member of the Aid Society and was elected as a member of the Royal Society. He was also the first postmaster general in the United States. Benjamin Franklin began to build the college in 1743, and the college was established eight years later, which was the predecessor of the University of Pennsylvania. At the same time, he began to study electricity and other scientific topics. Benjamin Franklin published illustrations in a paper on tornadoes. 1748, Benjamin Franklin quit his printing business, but he still made considerable profits from his partners, so he had time to make various inventions and research, including his research on electricity. He found that the charge is divided into "positive" and "negative", and the quantities of the two are conserved. 1752, Franklin made a famous experiment: flying a kite in a thunderstorm, which proved that "lightning" was caused by electricity. This is a very dangerous experiment. In fact, other scientists were electrocuted while conducting similar experiments at the same time. Up to now, many people still have doubts about whether Benjamin Franklin really conducted such an experiment and how it was carried out. But there is no doubt that Benjamin Franklin invented the lightning rod; In order to praise Franklin's research in electricity, the Royal Society elected him as an academician in 1753. Besides studying electricity, Benjamin Franklin also contributed to meteorology. In order to find news for his newspaper, he often goes to the farmer's market to collect news. He found that storms often appear in one place, and then there are storms in other places. He thought that the two might actually be the same storm, so he proposed that the storm would move, and finally derived the weather analysis and weather map in the future, which changed the method of relying solely on one place for forecasting. Benjamin Franklin established a hospital in Pennsylvania on 175 1. This hospital will be the first hospital in America in the future. Benjamin Franklin was also an outstanding government official. But he also used his power to seek promotion for his relatives and defiled his official career. His most important achievements include reforming the postal system in North America, taking up diplomatic posts, dealing with the suzerain Britain on behalf of the North American colonies, and then going to France. 1754, he led the representatives of Pennsylvania to attend the colonial congress held in Albany, new york, and put forward the plan of colonial union. Although the plan was not accepted at that time, many of its contents were later written into the US Constitution. 1757, he made a statement to the king of England on behalf of the Pennsylvania people in England, and lived for five years, during which he expounded the colonial situation and opinions to the British people and government officials. Because of his achievements in science, Oxford University awarded him an honorary doctorate during this period. It was also during this period that he participated in the election of William Franklin and appointed him as the governor of New Jersey. 1787, retired Benjamin Franklin attended the meeting to amend the American Constitution, becoming the only founder who signed the three most important American bills at the same time. These three documents are: Declaration of Independence, Paris Treaty 1783, and American Constitution 1787. In this year, Franklin donated money to establish Franklin Marshall University named after him.