First of all, combined with teaching materials, the characteristics of practical writing are expounded from four aspects: theme, material, structure and language. P2 answer
The characteristics of practical writing are reflected in the following four aspects: (1) The theme is single, concentrated and clear.
Purpose is the central meaning of the article, and it is the embodiment of the author's intention, viewpoint or opinion in the article. Single, that is, an article.
The article can only have one center, and the problem can only be clearly stated around a theme, but it can't be irrelevant or even
Writing irrelevant questions into articles, so that the articles written in this way are multi-centered, multi-topic and concentrated, is an application.
There can only be one center, which should be the commander-in-chief of the full text and should restrict the content of the article.
No branches, no vines, stick to this center. Clarity is the central meaning of the article, what are the author's intentions and opinions,
Let readers know at a glance, don't worry, the twists and turns and implication in literary and artistic works are only practical.
Rejected by the article. (2) The materials are diverse, authentic and powerful, and the materials constitute the content of the article and constitute the main body of support and expression.
The truth of all kinds of facts and theories is the life of practical articles, and the truth of materials makes the articles true.
The first condition of sex and strength is another characteristic that the material of practical goods should have. (3) reasonable structure,
Strictly fixed, in short, the structure is the internal structure of the article, and the arrangement of the structure is based on the needs of theme expression.
Reasonable organization materials, practical articles should be a kind of logical composition, which should be cautious and
The structure of the article is that it can't be scattered and chaotic. The article is round from beginning to end, closely connected, with distinct levels and clear paragraphs.
The minimum condition of prudence is also the most basic requirement for the structure of practical writing. Fixation is one of the practical article structures.
Important features: writing according to a fixed pattern, the material can standardize the writing of articles and make the written articles readable.
It is easy to play a practical role. (4) The language is accurate, concise, simple and solemn. Language accuracy is the key to all articles.
Requirements, language use is good or bad, directly related to the quality of the article, any article language, should have.
There is also simplicity, the so-called language simplicity. The so-called language means using as little language materials as possible and putting as much as possible.
Information is clearly conveyed to readers, which is plain and natural, easy to understand, plain language is first manifested in
On the other hand, it means that the language is simple, and most practical items, especially for work, should be brought.
There is a solemn style, and the solemnity of language is one of the most important factors to form the solemn style of the article.
In short, the theme is single, focused and clear, the materials are diverse, authentic and powerful, the structure is reasonable, the language is precise and fixed.
Accuracy, conciseness, conciseness and solemnity are the basic characteristics of practical writing, and they are also the basis of practical writing.
Requirements.
Second, combined with my own learning experience, talk about the importance of model essay reading to improve practical essay writing. P7
Reading 300 poems by Tang Kun, you can sing without writing poems, which is the experience of predecessors. Here is a poem, but it says
In order to understand the universal law of writing, all kinds of writing are like this. A weapon made by Wan Jian with a thousand knives, you can move by looking at the model essay.
Turn others' experience into your own experience, let it play a role in your own writing activities, and learn to write.
But if you don't read the article and are not familiar with the actual article, it is impossible to form the most basic and comprehensive understanding of a style, which
Even after learning writing knowledge, it is difficult to apply it flexibly in writing and make it a living knowledge. read
It is the forerunner and foundation of writing. Read more model essays and get in touch with the actual situation of the article, which is to have a perceptual understanding of the article.
An important way to learn and improve.
Third, combine teaching materials. Briefly describe the concept, characteristics, functions, constituent elements and classification of official documents. 1. Official documents are also official documents.
Books can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense. In a broad sense, official documents refer to party and government organs, enterprises and institutions and society.
Various written materials used by groups in official activities. And the official document mentioned here refers to the narrow official document, which mainly
If it means & gt lists thirteen official documents. This is the administrative organ.
In the process of administrative management, documents with magical efficacy and normative style are to administer according to law and perform official duties.
An important tool for moving. 2. Main features of official documents: 1. Magic weapon; 2. Policy; 3. practicality; 4. timeliness; 5. Specifications
Make love. 3. Basic functions of official documents: 1. To promulgate laws and regulations and convey instructions; 2. Reflect the situation and ask for instructions; 3. Contact with work and business
Negotiate official business; 4. Publicity and education; 5. According to the certificate. 4. Elements of official documents: 1. Eyebrow part; 2. The main part; 3. Version record
The fifth part. Classification of official documents: 1) According to the relationship and direction of writing, it is divided into: upper writing, parallel writing and lower writing.
2) Classification according to urgency: urgent documents and ordinary documents 3) Classification according to confidentiality requirements and confidentiality levels:
Ordinary documents, confidential documents. 4) According to different functions: normative documents, indicative documents and reportable documents.
Official document, contact official document, document official document. 5) Classification according to whether the circulation scope is limited: internal documents and public release.
Official documents.
Four, combined with teaching materials, expounds the basic requirements of official document writing. 1, be familiar with the principles, policies and relevant laws of the party and the state.
Rules and regulations. To make official documents more policy-oriented, so that the contents of official documents are consistent with the principles and policies of the party and the state.
The spirit of relevant laws and regulations is consistent, and the official document writers must be familiar with the principles, policies and relevant laws of the party and the state.
Rules and regulations. 2) Understand the actual situation. The purpose of issuing official documents is to reflect and solve problems in practical work.
Problems, in order to ensure the objectivity of official documents and the correct handling of opinions, we must go deep into reality and conduct a comprehensive investigation and study.
Understand the situation and analyze the problem realistically. Only on this basis can we write true and reliable contents and practical opinions.
To the official documents. 3) Follow the writing rules. Because the standardization of official documents is very demanding, in the writing of such languages,
In Chinese, we must strictly follow the writing rules, some of which are formalized by the relevant state departments in a prescribed form.
Promulgated, some are official documents established in long-term application. 1) The choice of language should be correct. 2) The writing style should be close.
The determination of departments should be appropriate. 3) The arrangement of the system should be reasonable.
5. Choose two languages from the following four official documents and do writing exercises. (Suggested students: You can choose.
Those in the textbook are shorter.
Just copy down the model essay and change the company name, time and so on)
1, notify the model essay on page P33 of the reference textbook to write one by yourself. Or P32 page 2 in the blue reference book,
The report refers to the textbook P5 1 page model essay and writes one by yourself. Or the blue reference book on page 64. 3. Ask for instructions.
Write a model essay on page P57 of the test textbook by yourself. Or page P74 of the blue reference book. 4. Letter reference materials.
You wrote the model essay on page 62 yourself. Or P95 in the blue reference book. 5. Meeting minutes.
The examples provided by the teacher below cannot be copied, but should be modified, such as changing the unit and specific content.
The examples provided by the teacher cannot be copied, and need to be modified, such as changing the unit and specific content. The format is as follows.
Just write it. Just write it down. Example: Example: First, pay attention
Notice of Fuzhou University on Holding a Conference on Enrollment Work
Subordinate unit of School Office [2000] No.20: In order to better recruit students in our school this year, in order to
In order to further implement the spirit of the central and provincial enrollment work conference, it was decided to hold an enrollment work conference after research. now
Relevant matters are hereby notified as follows: 1. Meeting content: introduce and analyze the enrollment situation of our school in recent years; Focus on discussion and
Analyze the enrollment situation and enrollment arrangements this year. 2. Participants: personnel in charge of student work in each department.
Deputy director of the school student affairs office and all the staff. Three. Time and place of the meeting: June 65438, 2008.
At 8 o'clock in the afternoon, it will be held in the conference room on the third floor of the school, and the agenda will be one day. Fuzhou University Student Affairs Office 2000
June 2000 17
Two. report
Report on the investigation and handling of the sudden retirement of forty employees in the water conservancy system in XX county.
Bureau [19 ×××× year ×× day × month × day × month × day × month × day × month × day × month × month × day × month × month × month × day × month × month × month × month × month × month × month × month × month × month × month × month × month × month × month × month × month × month × month × month × month × month ×
People reflect the treatment of 40 employees in the water conservancy system of XX county who changed their age and retired suddenly. there will be
The announcement is as follows:19××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××
Comrade XX, the manager of the Municipal Labor Service Company, immediately went to XX County to investigate and understand, and the situation reflected by the masses was true.
County water conservancy system from19××× years1October 5 10 to 15, all 40 retired workers have not retired.
Age. Because of my fraud, the 25 township governments where I work have issued certificates to change my age without careful investigation.
Letter; The county water conservancy bureau knew that there was a fake, but it gave the green light and went through the retirement procedures for them. Of these 40 people, the least
It has been enlarged by 1 1 month, and the oldest is 23 years old. * * * * The county party committee and county government attach great importance to this matter, and
Take decisive measures immediately: (1) Suspend the formalities of retirement of employees and replacement of children in the water conservancy system; do sth.
Retirees should be inspected one by one, and those who do not meet the relevant provisions of the policy should be retired and replenished by fraud.
Continue to resolutely correct; (3) Give serious treatment to those involved in fraud. According to the instructions of the county party Committee and the county government, our bureau
The county water conservancy bureau has been instructed to retire all the 40 children enrolled, and all the 40 retired workers have retired.
Take back the works before 19×× 12+0. After research, it was decided to give cooperation to xx who specifically participated in this matter.
Determined to be warned. The result of handling this matter has been published in XX county newspaper. We hereby report to the Municipal Bureau of XX 19.
XX year1February 12.
Third, ask for instructions
Request for instructions from the Second Commercial Bureau of XX City on the funds needed for adding underground fire hydrants Provincial Department of Commerce: XX Food
The company's cold storage is a regional distributed key warehouse. The construction area of the plant area is 65438+200,000 square meters (including 0.9 for cold storage)
10000 square meters, egg bank 30000 square meters), storage materials nearly * * thousand tons, worth * * ten thousand yuan. Over the years, the factory
The fire-fighting facilities are relatively simple, except for simple fire-fighting tools, only 1 fire hydrant. Strong disrepair, water pressure, up to
If the injection requirements are not met, once an accident occurs, the consequences will be unimaginable. Although the provincial and municipal fire departments have repeatedly inspected and made suggestions.
However, due to lack of funds, construction has not been carried out in accordance with key reservoir areas. In order to ensure the safe production in the reservoir area, safety is always a top priority.
It is necessary to build 4 underground fire hydrants, 1 in Yang Yang farm, 2 between meat joint factory and cold storage, 1 between egg poultry factory and egg warehouse.
Department), need to allocate 44000 yuan (plan attached). No, please check the instructions. Xx No.2 Commercial Bureau No.19 Office
198 1 year1month 18 days.
Fourth, the letter
Letter on the request to solve the accommodation problem of senior teachers in our school
President's Office of Fuzhou University: In order to train teachers and improve teaching level, our school plans to send 10 teachers for further study.
Study, because the dormitory is tense, I can't solve the accommodation problem. Contact your school about accommodation. It is reported that your dormitory is still there.
I sincerely hope to give you strong support and help. If this problem can be solved, it is still very expensive to accommodate several teachers.
The school does some voluntary work such as counseling and correcting homework. No, please reply. Teacher Training School1March, 999
ten days
Verb (abbreviation of verb) meeting minutes
Minutes of the First Office Meeting of the Chairman of Education Foundation of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications: June 5438+February 2, 20001.
8: 30 a.m. ~12: 00 a.m. Location: Room 40 1 Administrative Office Building Attendance: Chairman Lin Jintong, Vice Chairman.
Zhao Qingshan, Zhong Yixin and Secretary General attended the meeting: Chairman Zhao Jining presided over the meeting of Chairman Lin Jintong.
The following five themes have been established. (a) about the division of labor of the chairman. In order to make the work of the foundation more coordinated,
Standardized and efficient, the meeting first discussed the division of work of foundation directors. The meeting was clearly in the charge of Chairman Lin Jintong.
In addition to overall work, the work of the three vice-chairmen is based on fund raising, fund operation and funded projects of the Foundation.
According to the principle of focusing on each other, the meeting decided that Jiang Zhizhong, Zhao Qingshan and Zhong Yixin should be responsible for these three tasks.
The vice-chairman is responsible and the other vice-chairmen cooperate. (b) The third seminar on the University Education Foundation
. Li Xiufeng, Secretary-General of the Foundation, and Wang Xin, Deputy Secretary-General of the Foundation, addressed the Chairman at the Third Higher Education Seminar of the Foundation.
The office made a report, introducing the operation mode and management of major university foundations that are doing well in China at present.
Mechanism. While listening carefully and analyzing the situation of this seminar, the office put forward some places that other institutions can learn from.
. (3) Examining and approving the articles of association of the foundation. According to the resolution of the first Council on "Chapter" of the Foundation, the Secretariat Office
Seriously reviewed and approved in principle the revised draft proposed by Comrade Cheng; In view of the new management measures and articles of association of the National Foundation
The model will be published soon, and the meeting instructed the secretariat to make necessary changes before submitting it for consideration and finalization. (4) basis
The operation mode of gold club. The meeting agreed that the foundation should have three departments, and decided that the establishment of the foundation in 20001year is tentatively set at 5-7 people.
People, according to the needs of the work in the future. Regarding the relationship between the Foundation and the Alumni Association, the meeting held that although the "two sessions"
Peer independence
Association, but their work is inseparable, they must support each other, unite and cooperate, cooperate tacitly, and cooperate in the operation mode.
Office. The financial office of the foundation hopes to create conditions for independence and return it to the financial office of the school before independence.
Independent account custody. (V) The meeting reviewed and approved in principle the Teaching of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications submitted by the Foundation Secretariat.
Education Foundation's work plan for 20001year, and requested the secretariat to further improve the implementation of the work plan.
And check the implementation.
Secretary management and applied writing assignments II.
Combined with teaching materials, the characteristics and functions of business documents are briefly described. Transaction document characteristics: 1. The object is more specific; 2. Format
Relatively fixed; 3. The writing style is more practical; 4. Time is very tight. Function of transaction document: 1. Implement policies and guide work.
Work; 2. Communicate the situation and contact the work; 3. Accumulate and provide information; 4. Publicity and education, inspection and supervision.
Two, combined with the teaching materials, briefly describe the meaning, purpose, characteristics and classification of the investigation report, and elaborate the writing requirements of the investigation report.
. An investigation report is the truth written after an in-depth and detailed investigation and study of an event or a problem.
A written report reflecting the situation on the spot. Investigation report has a wide range of uses, which can be used to summarize a unit, a
The experience of a department or even a region can also be used to expose a problem or find out an event.
Truth can also be used to introduce the development of something. Characteristics of investigation report: 1. Authenticity; 2. Targeted; Academic standard work
Type. Classification of investigation reports: according to their different contents, they can be divided into investigation reports that reflect the situation and investigation reports that sum up experience.
Investigation reports expose problems, and there is also an academic investigation report dedicated to scientific research. investigation report
Writing requirements: 1. Seriously investigate and study, and fully occupy the materials; 2. Seriously analyze with the correct position and method.
Reasonable organization of materials; 3. It is necessary to study its structural form and linguistic features.
Thirdly, combined with the teaching materials, the significance and function of the plan are briefly described, and the requirements for making the plan are expounded. 1. The plan is a single document.
Individuals, departments or individuals should write down the work to be done or other tasks to be completed within a certain period of time.
A structured and specific document. 2. The role of planning: 1) foresight; 2) enlightening; 3) have
Binding. 3. Requirements for planning: 1. In line with policy. To make a plan, we must implement the relevant policies of the party and the state.
Policies and the spirit of instructions from superiors cannot deviate from this point, otherwise the plan is meaningless or even the opposite.
Use; 2. Proceed from reality. When making a plan, we should combine the overall demand and the actual situation of our unit, and we can't talk empty talk.
Words, but you can't tell lies, give full consideration to objective conditions, and never simply proceed from subjective will and act according to personal will; 3.
It should be specific and clear, and the things to be done should be written in a down-to-earth manner, so that people can follow suit and check the work.
; 4. Leave room. Unforeseen factors occur, so we should fully consider them when making plans and put forward tasks.
Wait, leave room, be flexible, and adjust the plan reasonably according to the actual situation.
Fourthly, combined with the teaching materials, the significance and function of summary are briefly described, and the requirements for writing summary are expounded. 1, the summary mentioned here
Mainly refers to the work summary, refers to a certain stage of work or after the completion of a job, including achievements,
The existing problems, experiences and lessons are reviewed and analyzed in order to provide help and reference for future work.
2. The role of summary: summary is a common transactional document in work, and summary is mainly to review the past.
Looking back on the past, especially what leads to regularity, is to provide reference and help for future work.
At the same time, summing up the past work itself is also a process of cultivating work ability and raising awareness. three
Requirements for writing summary: 1). It is necessary to fully possess information and reflect the situation realistically; 2) Be good at analyzing materials,
And find something regular; 3) Choose the content reasonably and highlight the key points; 4). Study this problem deeply.
Write down the characteristics.
Combined with teaching materials, this paper briefly describes the differences between speeches and speeches and conference reports, and expounds the requirements for writing speeches. speak of
Speech is different from general speech and meeting report. Generally speaking, the speech draft is a leader who can speak on behalf of the unit.
For the guide, the content often reflects the collective will of the unit, while the speech only reflects the personal views of the speaker.
Some of the speeches were drafted by the leaders themselves, and some were drafted by the secretariat according to the intentions of the leaders.
Some of them were even finalized after repeated discussion and revision by a special writing team, and most of the speeches were made by speakers.
I wrote it by myself. Compared with the report of the conference, the length of the speech is somewhat different.
Manuscripts are usually shorter, while conference reports are longer. In addition, the arrangement and expression of the two are quite special.
There are great differences in the use of language. Requirements for writing speeches: 1. Strong pertinence; 2. Theme collection
In the light; 3. The content should be attractive; 4. Language should be popular, vivid, imposing and literary.
Use the knowledge of stylistic writing in textbooks to analyze the following articles. 1, work plan; Reference textbook 9 1
Page 2, summary of work: refer to page 96 of the textbook.
Please note; The following examples cannot be copied. You can choose an article, imitate the following analysis and write it yourself.
An article.
Example: 1 Analysis text p 91Work Plan of XX Sub-district Office in 2006: Example 1.
Grassroots guidance units should make a comprehensive guarantee for the annual work.
Comprehensive work plan of platoon. The title consists of several elements, such as the name of the company, the application period, the language name, etc.
It can be seen that this is an arrangement made by which unit at which stage of work. The text consists of preface (beginning) and text.
It consists of three parts. In the brief preface, the basis and purpose of making the plan are mainly stated, which is related to administrative documents.
The general writing of the head is roughly the same. The main part first defines the "guiding ideology" and "working objectives", and then
Write down "work tasks and measures", including both the overall thinking and specific practices, as well as the overall objectives and requirements.
There are also specific indicators and measures. The question of what to say and how to do it is clear in the main part.
Answer. On the whole, the examples are written separately from "purpose and requirements" and "steps and practices". part and parcel of sth
The guiding ideology and work objectives of the Opinions mainly involve the current requirements, while the Tasks and Measures mainly stipulate the steps.
Practice, in the part of work tasks and measures, can be said to be writing these two contents together, that is, writing one.
A task, and then write down the measures and steps to complete the task cheaply. There is no special conclusion section in the example. In making plans,
We should follow the policy, proceed from reality, be specific and clear, and leave room.
For example: 2. Page 14 1 Reference Book of Applied Writing Learning, "Work of Dehua County Township Enterprise Bureau in the first half of 2006 5438+0"
Make a summary analysis: this paper consists of three parts, namely title, text and signature. This is an article.
Work summary of grass-roots units, the title consists of several elements such as unit name, time and language. language name
There is only the word work in front, which shows that it is a comprehensive reflection of the work of the whole unit in a certain period.
A comprehensive summary, rather than a special summary that specifically reflects a certain work or an aspect. however
Although this example should be a comprehensive summary in general, its content is still based on production and management.
The main situation, which is related to the nature and characteristics of the unit, the text consists of preface, text and conclusion.
In the first paragraph, the preface summarizes the situation, clarifies the guiding principles of the work and the basic situation of the completion of the work, among which
Several key data were used, which played an important role in the outline. The main part consists of six aspects at first.
Talk about the achievements and measures taken in the work, including induction and examples. The content is more specific and written.
After completing the grading, point out the problems and difficulties in the work, write objectively and realistically, before each part
Point out the main points in the form of sequence code and subtitle, which is easy to read and understand, and the conclusion part (the last natural paragraph) is clear.
We should point out the next goal and direction of efforts. The achievements and problems in the example are comprehensive, but
The analysis of experience and lessons is still insufficient.