Recently, the State Administration of Pharmaceutical Products approved the listing and registration of the first bivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in China. This product is jointly developed by Xia Ningshao team of Xiamen University and Xiamen Wan Tai * * *. It is the first approved human papillomavirus vaccine in China and is suitable for women aged 9-45. Perhaps many small partners still have many doubts about hpv vaccine knowledge. For example, how does human papillomavirus spread? Will there be any adverse reactions after vaccination with human papillomavirus vaccine? Do men need to fight?
"Deep Space Bian Xiao" will answer many questions for you today and take you to know about human papillomavirus.
Part number 1
Where is the human papillomavirus?
The so-called "cervical cancer vaccine" is actually another name for "HPV vaccine", which can prevent infections caused by two or four types of viruses. The full name of human papillomavirus is human papillomavirus, and there are many types. Low-risk types of infections can range from asymptomatic to skin and genital warts; Some human papillomavirus types that are easy to cause cancer after infecting human body are called high-risk types, such as HPV 16, 18, 3 1, 45, etc. Among them, HPV 16 and HPV 18 account for 70% of cervical cancer caused by human papillomavirus infection, so these two bivalent vaccines are also the first prevention targets.
the second part
Is there a high probability that human papillomavirus will release cervical cancer?
The relationship between human papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer can refer to the following figure:
More than 90% of cervical cancer is caused by high-risk human papillomavirus infection, and cervical cancer ranks second in the global female cancer mortality rate. But not all high-risk human papillomavirus infections will lead to cervical cancer. In fact, even if infected with human papillomavirus, healthy adults have a great chance to eliminate human papillomavirus from the body by virtue of their own immunity. However, human papillomavirus infection, especially high-risk infection, can not be ignored, because the possibility of inducing cancer still exists and has become the main cause of cervical cancer. In fact, not only cervical cancer, but also human papillomavirus infection can lead to cancers in other parts, such as vulva, vagina, anus, penis and even oropharynx.
Yes, you are right. Men may also get cancer because of human papillomavirus infection. Although men are less likely to get cancer from human papillomavirus infection than women, if it can be prevented, why put themselves and their partners at risk?
the third part
How does human papillomavirus harm all sides?
This is not a slap in the face. Human papillomavirus is transmitted through close skin and mucous membrane contact. The most common mode of transmission is sexual contact, including various combinations of genital, anal and oral mucosal contact. This is why people who don't have sexual contact with others don't need to be vaccinated-they directly avoid the transmission route of human papillomavirus. There are also some less common modes of transmission of human papillomavirus, such as iatrogenic transmission and mother-to-child transmission, which can not be ignored.
However, from the infection of human papillomavirus to the occurrence of cancer does not happen overnight, and it usually takes several years to more than ten years. In the early stage of cancer, if it is found and treated in time, the five-year survival rate can reach more than 90%.
Therefore, if sexual contact is carried out under strict protection, people can prevent cervical cancer by regular physical examination and monitoring infection without bearing the risk of side effects caused by vaccination, even if the probability is low.
part four
I heard that HPV vaccine is also a double-edged sword?
Before the HPV vaccine went on the market in China, the news that the HPV vaccine Cervarix developed by Glenstock Company had side effects in Japan attracted the attention of all countries.
The vaccination of HPV vaccine has been in the United States for many years. As one of the vaccines recommended by the government or even provided free of charge, its adverse reactions are not high enough to require special attention. However, when the Japanese government introduced and promoted vaccination nationwide, it was reported that Japanese women had adverse reactions due to human papillomavirus vaccination, and even some women whose lives were seriously affected by adverse reactions took the Japanese government to court. Although vaccine manufacturers are investigating the high incidence of adverse reactions in this region, they have not reached a conclusion. At the same time, the Japanese government also suspended the active promotion of HPV vaccine.
The first bivalent HPV vaccine approved by Chinese mainland was also "sirrah" which caused adverse reactions in Japan.
Although the research, development and production process of vaccines are strictly monitored, and they will be tested by animal experiments and multi-phase clinical trials before going on the market, even vaccines that have been popularized for many years cannot be guaranteed to be 100% safe due to different people's constitutions. For some diseases whose transmission routes are difficult to control, such as measles and polio, extensive vaccination is undoubtedly the best choice for all mankind.
However, human papillomavirus has its particularity. First of all, its transmission route can be controlled. Second, its pathogenicity and mortality are not as high as measles, polio and other viruses. In this case, the adverse reaction of the vaccine will be amplified. Therefore, the effectiveness of HPV vaccine will not show its advantages for low-risk people who have regular physical examination and asexual contact. HPV vaccine is undoubtedly an effective barrier to cervical cancer for people who are sexually active and can't do regular physical examination.
So, do you want to get a cervical cancer vaccine?
1. You have seen this topic from various hot media. You didn't know about human papillomavirus and cervical cancer before, and it's very likely that you will soon forget this topic after it falls off the hot search list-injections are highly recommended.
2, you pay great attention to your health, sexual contact has enough protective measures, regular physical examination, strict implementation of cervical smear every year or every other year-if you can maintain healthy habits, then there is no need to inject.
3. Are you clean, celibate or celibate? You've never had sexual contact with anyone before in your life, and you don't intend to have it in the future-there's no need to inject it.
Of course, the injection of HPV vaccine does not mean that you are exempt from cervical cancer. At present, the vaccines on the market can only cover some types of human papillomavirus, and some rare high-risk types can escape the supervision of vaccines. In addition, although the vast majority of cervical cancer is caused by human papillomavirus infection, there are still a few cases from other reasons. Therefore, even if you are vaccinated, you should do as many tests as possible.
The proportion of cancer induced by human papillomavirus infection in different parts of human body
Additional question 1
Should I re-inject HPV vaccine after five years?
Because the time for the vaccine to go on the market is still relatively short, the study on the validity period of the vaccine is also limited. The existing research classifies samples of at least 5 years into "long-term" group, but as for when the vaccine fails, it needs to be verified.
Additional question 2
Is the subtype of HPV vaccine prevention in foreign countries the same as that in China?
Some people who want to play HPV vaccine abroad are worried that the subtype of vaccine prevention in foreign countries is different from that in China, which is totally unnecessary. Because epidemiological studies show that HPV 16 and HPV 18 also account for about 70% of cervical cancer HPV infection in China, which is almost consistent with foreign statistical data.
Is it necessary for men to know more about HPV cervical cancer vaccine? For more information, please continue to pay attention to the column of deep space science and technology information. Deep space Bian Xiao will continue to update more science and technology information for you. Heart of the King 2 Click on the demo.