1970165438+1On October 26th, the headline of Asahi Shimbun published a bloody photo. A headless corpse was lying on the ground, and the man's whole head was neatly placed on the ground, his eyes closed and there was no trace of pain.
The Japanese people who have entered the era of peace almost fainted when they saw this news. The incredible emotions are like stormy waves, and the whole Japanese society is boiling.
The deceased was Yukio Mishima, a great writer who was nominated by Nobel Prize in Literature for three times, but chose to end himself in this cruel way.
Yukio Mishima (pen name), formerly known as Hiraoka Gong Wei, is known as Hemingway's Japanese writer and an indispensable bright star in the history of world literature. In his short life, he tried his best to explain the diversity of beauty in words.
Genius is only one step away from madness, just like in Yukio Mishima.
From childhood, Yukio Mishima was lonely and depressed. Because of grandpa's negligence, the family that had no worries about food and clothing was destroyed overnight.
Grandma Xia Zi hates her husband's incompetence.
Grandma Xia Zi is not an ordinary woman. She enjoyed all the splendor since she was a child. She was born in a prominent martial arts family in the Edo period. /kloc-When she was 0/2 years old, she was adopted by her adoptive father and was fostered with the prince who was close to Emperor Meiji.
But he didn't have destiny takes a hand, but married a small official at that time, Hiraoka Teitaro, Mishima's grandfather.
Xia Zi controls everyone in the Hiraoka family. However, since the marriage with the Hiraoka family, the decline of family wealth has destroyed Xia Zi's luxurious life.
The birth of Mishima made Xia Zi very happy. She pinned all her hopes for the future on her grandson.
When Mishima was born on the 49th day, her grandmother Xia Zi decided to raise her alone. She brutally snatched Mishima from her biological mother and put her under house arrest. Only when nursing can her biological mother, Wo Wenzhong, see her son.
Here, mother is like a feeding machine. Apart from breastfeeding, she doesn't feel the joy of having children at all, only crying at night and pain that is difficult to alleviate.
Grandma's strong personality is twisted into a kind of abnormal doting and excessive protection. Every detail of Mishima's diet and daily life is very demanding.
She doesn't allow Mishima to be naughty like a boy. She is only allowed to play with toys that belong to girls. Fruits can only be sliced apples and a small amount of citrus.
Even began to envy Mishima's relationship with his biological mother. Whenever Mishima calls her mother, grandma will fly into a rage and be very upset.
Mishima, when he was a child, almost lived in triple isolation, isolated from his mother, isolated from his peers, and naturally isolated from the outdoors. His world is grandma's little room, and the air is cloudy.
/kloc-Mishima, 0/3 years old, can finally bid farewell to such a day and return to her mother to enjoy family happiness. When he left his grandmother, her sad scene was like a new school tragedy.
Mishima once said: "13 years old, I have a 60-year-old lover." This remark is really chilling.
Mishima's twisted childhood made her very sensitive, and she became very feminine with her grandmother all the year round, and even behaved.
The closed three islands have no friends. He amused himself by painting and writing poems. His playmates are endless fantasies in his mind, and it is this dark childhood that makes him show delicate emotions and literary talents different from ordinary people.
Mother is Mishima's first reader. Only Mishima, who is 15 years old, can write beautiful poems, and her delicate haiku makes her particularly proud.
However, his father's attitude is completely opposite. He only wants Mishima to be an official, to be a politician and to honor his ancestors. Whenever I saw Mishima writing poems, my father tore up his works and shouted at him.
Mother silently endured all this, but often secretly sent brand-new paper, ink and fresh fruit to Mishima in the middle of the night.
My son is very moved by his mother's expectation, enthusiasm and shelter, and often tears while writing.
It was also her mother's firm encouragement that Mishima published her first novel "Forest in Blooming Flowers" at the age of 16, and held the first successful publication commemorative meeting in her life.
Mishima once recalled, "Looking at my mother in the corner of the room with tears in her eyes, I realized that my mother was so important to me. 」
If Mishima's mother was an "enlightened person" when she was a teenager, then her classmate by the river was Mishima's "ignorant lover". Such feelings made Mishima gradually realize his wonderful sexual orientation.
He is crazy about Jinjiang's strong arms and thick body hair under his armpits.
In a European album brought back by my father, a photo of San Sebastian's martyrdom completely inspired Mishima's budding sexual consciousness.
He let his lower body swell and burn in this picture, just like a huge hard knife, which split instantly and spilled fragrant initial liquid.
On Mishima's literary road, in addition to her mother's encouragement, there is also a noble person and a mentor to guide her. This man is Yasunari Kawabata.
Also under the recommendation of Yasunari Kawabata, Mishima's short story "Cigarettes" was published in the well-known magazine "World" at that time, and it has appeared in the writers' literary world since then.
At the age of 24, Mishima officially published his novel Confessions of a Masked Face. The publication of this autobiography caused a great sensation in Japanese literary world, and also formally confirmed Yukio Mishima's position as a writer. Even Nakamura Hikaru, who has always scoffed at Mishima's works, can't help admiring them.
Masked Confessions shows Mishima's human entanglement to the extreme in a bold and objective form.
He expressed his inner longing for life and death in words, and he sublimated this illusory and deformed mixed life into artistic beauty.
Then Mishima wrote a series of short stories, such as Desiring for Love's Forbidden Color and Tide Sao, among which Tide Sao became one of Yukio Mishima's most representative works.
The title of this seemingly erotic sexual desire is exactly the opposite. It describes the pure feelings between men and women. Mishima has no impurities and no evil thoughts except lofty feelings and pure love.
Chao Sao awakens people's desire for pure love between men and women. At that time, almost every boy and girl in Japan had a copy, which would naturally be made into a movie by later generations.
Among them, 1975' s film version "Chao Sao" is the most wonderful, with Yamaguchi Momoe and Tomokazu Miura as the leading roles respectively, and the interpretation of aesthetics and romance in "Chao Sao" is extremely touching.
Yukio Mishima's works are charming, beautiful, romantic and illusory, yet classical, avant-garde and philosophical. The Golden Pavilion Temple is its best interpretation and the longest novel written by Yukio Mishima. Many people say this is his most brilliant work.
1July 2, 950, a fire broke out all over the sky in the direction of Onodera-CHO, Kyoto Prefecture, and the whole ancient building caught fire instantly. This is a real arson case in Japanese history, which inspired Yukio Mishima to write this book.
The easily destroyed human image reveals the illusion of eternal life, while the beauty of the golden pavilion reveals the possibility of destruction. Like human beings, things that have the ability to die will not be eradicated, while immortal things like the golden pavilion may be destroyed.
-"Golden Pavilion Temple"
Mishima skillfully uses the Golden Pavilion Temple as a metaphor to describe the tragic relationship between beauty and life, and between art and life. Why does beauty easily lead to jealousy and hatred? Why are the more beautiful things more dangerous? Mishima is fascinating in the book and can't help but be lost in thought.
Mishima's desire for beauty is not only manifested in the spiritual field, but also begins to give beauty to the body. He thinks that the body is more eternal than the spirit.
Mishima, who has entered middle age, began to actively participate in fitness. At that time, fitness was a very new thing in Japan and even in Asia.
In order to achieve physical beauty, Yukio Mishima practiced kendo and karate besides fitness.
In a letter to his teacher Yasunari Kawabata, he wrote, "Since I was promoted to a black belt, there are fewer opponents and many people are unwilling to compete with me." This tone is simply helpless and conceited.
At the same time, in order to have some reference when practicing physical exercise, a nude sculpture of St. Sebastian was specially placed in the yard at home to pursue the Greek-style physical beauty.
This character appeared in many novels of Mishima. For example, Shinji, the hero described in Chao Sao, has the same body as Sebastian, a famous painting saint, which is both ornamental and powerful, and is covered with fishy sweat.
In the impermanence of the body, Mishima said again? Life is only once, why not cherish the short body and exercise? 」
It can be seen that Yukio Mishima appreciates the beauty of men's strength. He believes that the root of beauty comes from the shaping of appearance, which is the temptation of seeing is believing.
And the following passage in his novel "Forbidden Color" brings the beauty of the body to a spiritual field.
"You are now in a state of yearning and moving. Your pure and clean heart is always eager to be touched. This is a simple disease. You are like an adult teenager, loving for love, but you are only moved by moving. When fixed ideas are cured, your feelings will naturally disappear. You know very well that nothing in this world is moving except carnal desire. Without sensuality, no thought or concept can move people. People are obviously moved by the shame of thought, but they have to be like a poseur, just saying that they are moved by the hat of thought. 」
This passage will not be interpreted in a preconceived way, but from Mishima's works such as Forbidden Color and Tide Sao, we can see that he is grasping the life, vitality and health of men and expressing the most real and intense things of men's bodies in his own unique way. The beauty of men's bodies is the peak of his artistic beauty.
1968, his mentor Yasunari Kawabata won the Nobel Prize in Literature, becoming the first person to win this honor in Japanese history. Mishima was happy and angry.
I'm glad that my teacher and best friend won this honor, but I'm angry that I nominated three times and got nothing. I heard that it wasn't myself who won the prize. Mishima was so angry that he drove around the expressway to vent his anger.
With the end of World War II, the announcement of Emperor Hirohito's surrender spread all over Japan, and the news of Japan's defeat made Mishima extremely contradictory.
From his later works, we can see that he gradually turned from aestheticism, romanticism and classicism to revivalism and nationalism, and even surpassed history and politics.
He began to become radical and worried about his country and people. He was worried that Japan would become a puppet of western powers after the war. He longs for the people to return to the beginning, to the era of loyalty to the spirit of Bushido, to protect his country and to protect Japanese traditional culture.
1970165438+125 October, the world pattern was in a state of cold war opposition, and the ultra-left ideological trend set off around the world. Students flocked to the streets of Japan to confront the right-wing forces, leading to large-scale violent conflicts.
Yukio Mishima felt very painful, and his inner feelings of worrying about the country and the people swelled to the extreme. Finally, he could not help but summon a large number of members of the Self-Defense Forces by threatening violence and began his inspiring speech.
He shouted at the top of his lungs in front of everyone: "Japan was addicted to economic prosperity after the war and was defeated by money!" " You have forgotten the foundation of our country and the spirit of our nation! Politicians don't consider Japan, just to pursue power! Wake up! Everybody! Wake up! Everyone ... "
However, no one in the audience paid attention to him and gave him bursts of abuse! Yukio Mishima, whose voice was already hoarse, was deeply desperate.
So Mishima suddenly sat down in front of many people, holding a short knife in his right hand, and the tip of the knife pointed to the left abdomen. Standing behind him is Morita. Jiecuo (Jiecuo: the role of mending the knife and beheading in the abdominal incision ceremony of Bushido), who was born in Waseda University, was so nervous that his forehead was sweating with a big knife in his hand.
Mishima once again shouted "Long live His Majesty the Emperor" and deliberately painted his suicide with political color. He took a deep breath, let out a cry, and stabbed the short knife 5 cm deep into his left abdomen. Then paddle hard with your hands in the direction of your right rib, and make a 13 cm long incision, and the small intestine will gush out 50 cm.
Director Yitian, tied aside by Mishima, broke into a cry that was almost crying, although his mouth was full of stuffing: "Don't behead! Don't! Morita is still waving his Japanese knife. But because the hand was shaking, the first knife was cut from Mishima's neck to his right shoulder. The second knife cut the jaw and broke the front teeth.
Mishima, who was in considerable pain, cried for another knife. Morita seems unable to complete the introduction. Koga Haojing, who stood by, replaced Morita, raised his broadsword and finally solved the problem. Then Morita took off his coat and sat down, holding the bloody knife Mishima had just used, and quickly stabbed himself in the abdomen. At the same time, Koga, the middleman, cut it off with a knife, separated its body from its head, and made it clean.
It's over. It's over. Yukio Mishima chose caesarean section and made mistakes to end his life. He performed the last poem of his life with his body.
Today, Yukio Mishima has been interpreted as a militarist by later generations. Some people say that he loves his country and his people, while others say that he is a victim of Japan's high-speed abnormal development after the war. But later generations still can't explain it clearly, so they can only label him subjectively.
Yukio Mishima, like an alternative Japanese literary world, worships martyrdom and death all his life. In his aesthetic concept, all opposites are beautiful. The interweaving and circulation of these opposites formed two main aesthetic formulas in his life: blood+death = beauty? /? Life+youth = beauty.
Yukio Mishima worked tirelessly in his endless obsession with aesthetics and wrote a hot book about the goodness, evil, beauty and ugliness of human nature.
If Lao She hadn't drowned himself in the lake, the Nobel Prize of 1968 would probably belong to China writers. If Yasunari Kawabata didn't win the prize, Yukio Mishima wouldn't be disappointed to the extreme.
Shortly after Mishima's death, Kawabata Yasunari also committed suicide. For his favorite students, Kawabata Yasunari's inner anguish and guilt didn't come out.
Some people say that literature and art are poetry, a stop-and-go southern sound, and a folk song cured in headphones. However, true literature and art are suffocating, lonely, tragic and unspeakable. The inner world is full of flowers, and who should I tell?
All the pictures are from Getty images/ Yukio Mishima.