American inventor and businessman Thomas Alva Edison (1February 8471day-193 1 year1year1month 18) invented many important inventions. Awarded the title of "Menlo Park's Wizards" by newspaper reporters, he is the first inventor in the world to use the principle of mass production and his industrial research laboratory to produce inventions. Edison is considered to be the most inventor in the contemporary era, and he registered 1093 patents under his name. Most of the inventions are not original, but some other patents are improved, but in fact many of them were invented by many of his employees. Therefore, Edison is often criticized for not sharing these advantages. However, Edison obtained patents from many countries, including the United States, Britain, France and Germany. General Electric Company was founded in 1892, and later became the largest company in the United States: Singular Company. * * * owns 244 14 patents, including Edison 1093 patents. 1908, Edison founded the film patent company, an enterprise group composed of nine film studios. In the early 1960s, Edison bought a villa in Formel, Florida as a shelter from the cold. Henry Ford, the car king, lives opposite this villa. He is also a good friend of Edison. "Edison and Ford Winter Manor" is currently open to the public. Directory [Hidden] 1 Early Life 2 Marriage 3 Entrepreneurship 4 Menlo Park Laboratories 4. 1 moderns 4.2 Carbon Electrode Phone Pickups 4.3 Transmission Mode Debate 4.4 Workmates 5 Major Inventions 6 Notes [Editor] Early Life Thomas Edison was born in Milan, Ohio, USA. Samuel Ogden Edison (1804- 1896) and Nancy Matthews Elliot (18 187 1). His father, Sam, opened a restaurant in Canada not long ago, and was wanted for joining the revolutionary army, so he fled to Milan, USA, and switched to wood business. Edison's mother Nancy used to be a primary school teacher in Canada, but after she got married, she stopped teaching whips and became a full-time housewife. Because of illness, Edison later began to receive school education. His habit of asking questions and thinking made the school teacher very angry and called him "confused". This made Edison only receive three months of school education. Edison's mother Nancy is a teacher in Canada. She resolutely took Thomas home to teach Edison by herself, taught Edison knowledge in her own way, and encouraged him to study and do experiments. From this moment on, Edison's life changed completely. He later recalled, "My mother was my success. She is sincere, I'm sure; I think I need to live a meaningful life, and I can't let her down. " [1] A lot of his knowledge comes from the natural philosophy school of R.G. Bogart. Edison began to suffer from hard of hearing when he was 12 years old. It is said that the train conductor grabbed him by the ear and dragged him to the moving train, causing deafness. [2] Edison's life in Port Huron, Michigan was bittersweet. He works as a newsboy on the train between Port Huron and Detroit, selling newspapers and sweets. He has been partially deaf since he was young. He saved Jimmy Mackenzie in a train collision and became a communication operator. Jimmy's father, J.U. Mackenzie, was the stationmaster of Clemens Mountain Station. He was very grateful to Edison and trained him as a telegraph operator. Edison's deafness helped him to cover up the noise and prevent Edison from hearing the operator sitting next to him. In his early days, one of his mentors was a telegraph operator and inventor named Franklin Leonard Pope. He allowed poor young people to live and work in Elizabeth's basement. Some of his earliest inventions were related to the electronic telecommunications law, including the stock quotation machine. Edison applied for his first patent-electric meter recorder on1October 28th, 1868. [Editor]187 1 65438+Edison, who got married on February 25th, married Mary Stilwell, who was16 years old. They only knew each other for two months. They have three children, Marion estelle Edison, Thomas Alva Edison Jr. and William Leslie Edison. Mary died on1August 9, 884. In A.D. 1880, Edison bought a property in Fort Myers, Florida, and built the Minor Cabin as a shelter from the cold. Henry Ford's villa, a shelter from the cold, is several hundred feet away from Edison's villa. Edison also made great contributions to the automobile industry. Their friendship lasted until Edison died. 1886 On February 24th, 39-year-old Edison married 19-year-old Mina Miller in Akron, Ohio. They also have three children: Madeleine? Edison, Charles Edison (Edison took over the company after his death and ran for governor of New Jersey) and Theodore Edison. Mina died on1August 24th, 947. [Editor] Thomas Edison and his early phonograph Edison started his career as inventors in Newark, New Jersey. He improved automatic repeaters and other telex equipment, but the first invention that made him famous was the phonograph of 1877. This unexpected achievement of Volkswagen seems almost incredible. Edison became famous in Menlo Park, New Jersey, where he also lived. The sound quality of his first tin foil drum phonograph was very poor, and the audio track was destroyed during playback, so he could only listen to it several times. In 1980s, Bell, chichester Bell and Charles tainter designed a waxed and painted cardboard cylinder model. This is one reason why Edison kept making his "perfect phonograph". Edison was a free thinker and probably a deist. He doesn't believe in "the God of theologians", but he doesn't doubt "supreme wisdom". However, he rejected supernatural thoughts and souls, immortal thoughts, and personal God. He said: "Nature is not kind and loving, but completely cruel and indifferent. [3][ Editor] Menlo Park Lab Edison's Menlo Park Lab moved to dearborn, and Greenfield Edison's major invention was born in Menlo Park Lab in New Jersey. It is the first institution specially established for technological innovation and improvement of existing technologies. Although many employees have carried out research work according to their own professional direction and achieved brilliant results, most invention patents belong to Edison himself in law. William Yue Se Hammer is a senior electrical engineer. From 1879 to 65438+February, he began to work as an experimenter in all Edison companies. He made great contributions to the invention of telephone, phonograph, circuit, iron ore separator and electric lighting equipment, and participated in the development of other products and technologies. However, the hammer is mainly responsible for testing and recording incandescent lamp equipment. 1880 was appointed as the chief engineer of Edison lamp project. In his first year in office, under the leadership of general manager Francis Robbins Upton, the factory produced 50,000 lamps. According to Edison, Hammer was "the pioneer of incandescent lighting equipment". Most of Edison's patents are public patents. During Edison's lifetime, inventions protected by patents 17 years included electronic, mechanical or chemical products. About 12 items are design patents, and one decoration design has been protected by 14 years. However, most inventions are not completely original, but are improvements to products that have been invented but are still not perfect. A few original phonographs, and the phonograph patent is the first device that can record and play back sounds. Edison didn't invent the first electric light bulb, but he invented the first incandescent lamp that could be actually used in business. Some early inventors have put forward several designs, including the patents he bought from Henry Woodward, Matthew Evans, Moses G Fama, Yue Se Swan, James Bowen Liantes, William Sawyer, humphry davy and Henry Goldberg. The products of these inventors have the disadvantages of short life and high production cost, and are only suitable for laboratory testing. 1878, Edison used carbon fiber filament as luminescent material (used by British inventor Yue Se Swan before), which greatly prolonged the life of light bulb. Edison absorbed the advantages of these old designs and began to manufacture light bulbs on a large scale. Alexandra Volta, an earlier inventor, pioneered electric lighting in 1800. In the laboratory, he demonstrated that electricity can be used as a light source. Edison concentrated on commercializing this idea, extended the concept of electric lighting to families and enterprises by supplying a large number of light bulbs that can be used for a relatively long time, and designed a complete power production and transmission system. Menlo Park Laboratories may be responsible for selling the "Quadruple Communicator" invented by Edison in 1874 (the same wire can send four signal communicators at the same time). When Edison made an offer to Western Union, Western Union gave her an unexpected patent fee of 1 10,000 dollars. " Quadruple communication machine "was Edison's first step in trying to do business." [Editor] moderns U.S. Patent No.223898, Electric Lamp 1878. In new york, Edison and several financiers, including J P Morgan and Vanderbilt, established Edison Electric Light Company. On February 36, 2008, Edison demonstrated incandescent light bulbs for the first time in Menlo Park. 1October 27th,1880,65438+He applied for a patent for this invention in the United States. Then he said, "We will make electricity cheaper, and only the rich will light candles. [Source Request] 1883, 10 On June 8, the US Patent Office ruled that Edison's patent was a modification of William Sawyer's work and was invalid. The lawsuit lasted for almost six years until 18891October 6, when the judge ruled that Edison's patent was legal. In order to avoid a possible lawsuit with Yue Se Swan, he and Swan set up a joint venture company in Britain called Ediswan to sell inventions. 2007-10-3119: 53: 21Supplement: There are too many Chinese words to finish.

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Edison's genius is one part talent and ninety-nine parts hard work.

Edison 1847 was born in Milan, Ohio. When he was a child, he liked to ask "why?" And I really like testing by myself. Once he asked his mother, Miss Nancy (Oh! I forgot to tell you that Edison's mother is a teacher herself. Why do old hens always like to sit on eggs? After Nancy told him the answer, Edison also tried to hatch eggs like a hen and crushed a nest of eggs. On another occasion, Nancy told him that fur friction can generate electricity, so Edison was very excited to catch two big cats, tied their tails together with copper wires, and tried to make their fur rub against each other, resulting in scratches all over. To make matters worse, one day Edison finally asked how gunpowder was made. Yes! Nancy told him anyway, and as a result ... Edison burned down most of the granaries, and it was Christmas Eve, which was really terrible. Edison's real school education was only three months. Because of his habit of asking questions, the school teacher was furious, so Nancy had to take him home and teach him by herself. She knew that Edison's thinking and thinking methods were different from traditional teaching. So she asked Edison to learn knowledge in his own way and taught him to read Shakespeare, Bible, history books and so on. She also bought a book called Natural Science Experiment. Edison was fascinated by this book and did all the experiments in it. From that moment on, the child's life was completely changed. /kloc-When he was 0/2 years old, Edison began to work as a newsboy on the train between Port Huron and Detroit. Besides selling newspapers, he also sold sweets and snacks. Edison suffered from hard of hearing when he was a teenager. It is said that because he wanted to jump on a train that had already started, the administrator was impatient and pulled his ear, which led to deafness. During his time as a newsboy, he learned the basic telegraph technology and once published a newspaper himself. Of course, he would not give up his hobby of doing experiments easily, so he gradually put some chemicals and experimental equipment on the train, until once, because of the accident of the experiment, the carriage burned, and the angry administrator threw all the drugs and equipment out of the carriage together with Edison. Another time Edison lost his job because he used his invention in the wrong place-at that time, he worked as a night shift operator in the railway bureau. According to the regulations of the Railway Bureau, after 9 pm, the operator should send a signal to the train service center every hour to prevent the staff from sleeping lazy. So Edison made an automatic timing transmitter, which made Edison the most punctual and reliable transmitter in the whole situation. However, during an inspection, the train service director found Edison asleep, a delicate machine. Although the director appreciated his talent, the railway bureau needed an honest and quiet person, not an inventor, so Edison was fired again! Before 2 1 year-old, Edison changed jobs frequently and ran around in some telecom and telegraph companies until he came to new york. With his mechanical knowledge and excellent maintenance technology, he slowly became famous and set up his own engineering company, specializing in manufacturing and improving some commercial machines, such as gold market monitors, stock market monitors, gold price printing machines and other commercial machines, while developing and contracting various scientific instruments. 1876, Edison established his experimental invention center in Romon Garden in southern New York, which is what we usually call "Edison Invention Factory". There are excellent equipment and instruments, and a group of talented experts. From 1876 to 1887, this group of scientists led by Edison carried out systematic, complex and diverse scientific research and development work here. If we list Edison's invention in Romon Garden as a table, I'm afraid that table will extend from the table to the floor. Many things in it are unfamiliar to us, but many of them are closely related to our lives. Let's take a look at Edison's great invention! Early telegrams could only transmit one message at a time, but could not exchange signals at the same time. Because Edison himself was a telegraph technician, he began to improve the traditional telegraph and made a double telegraph. 1974, he developed a quadruple telegraph, which is also a synchronous telegraph. At that time, before the development of radio, synchronous transmitter was a major breakthrough. At first, Edison invented paraffin paper, which was only widely used as packaging material for food and candy. Later, he tried to carve the outline of the words on wax paper to form a wax lettering paper tray, put white paper under the paper tray, and then rolled it off the wax lettering paper with an ink roller. A wonderful thing happened, and clear handwriting appeared on the white paper. After many improvements and experiments, Edison began to mass-produce the copier he invented in 1976, and for a time, institutions, schools, institutions and organizations all adopted this stencil mimeograph. Because Edison's copier is very popular all over the world, Edison deeply realized that he should invent things that people generally and deeply need. As we all know, the modern telephone was invented by Bell. In fact, the telephone can send and receive clearly, thanks to Edison's repeated experiments, which broke through the traditional pattern and made a toner transmitter, which improved the sensitivity, volume and receiving distance of the telephone in one fell swoop. Otherwise, we will often say, "Hello! Hey! I can't hear you. I can't hear you clearly. 1one night in February, 877, the staff of Mengluoyuan Laboratory trembled slightly, not because of the cold, but because they heard the recording for the first time in human history: "Mamei has a little sheep whose fur is as white as snow, and wherever Ma Mei goes, the lamb is always by her side ..." This great invention needs no more introduction from the little jar teacher, and everyone can understand how wide its application is. The French government also awarded Sir Edison the title! Later, Edison made many improvements to the phonograph until the drum was changed to a bakelite turntable. This is not a year or two, but after decades of continuous improvement! At the beginning of the 9th century, people began to use gas lamps. However, gas is supplied by pipeline, and if it leaks or is blocked, it is very prone to accidents. In addition, the tower lighting workers at the beginning of the article also have their own problems. Therefore, people are very eager for the reform of lighting. In fact, Edison set himself an impossible task: in addition to improving lighting, he must also create a power supply system. So he and his partners in Luomeng Garden made more than 600 experiments on heat-resistant materials and more than 600 kinds of plant fibers 1600 times before they made the first carbon filament light bulb, which can burn for 45 hours at a time. Later, he constantly improved the manufacturing method on this basis, and finally introduced a bamboo filament light bulb that can ignite 1200 hours. In order to popularize the use of electric lights, he developed various additional devices for electrical systems, such as parallel circuits, fuses, insulation materials and copper wire mesh. It also made a generator with stable voltage and a three-wire switch to realize economic distribution. 1882 new york pearl street power station officially opened. Edison accomplished this impossible task and greatly improved human life. The era of electricity began from this moment. 1883 Edison discovered the thermionic effect: under certain conditions, when the filament heats up, electricity can be conducted through space even without wires. This principle laid the foundation for electron tubes and future radio radios. 1887, he set up a bigger laboratory in West Orange. His inventions are numerous, the most important of which are the movie camera of 1888, the movie projector of 1896, and the "Edison nickel-iron battery" which has been successfully tested for more than 10,000 times. In addition, Edison also researched and developed chemical materials for the American government, and also accepted a private commission to engage in a plan to extract rubber from native plants to solve the problem of insufficient rubber raw materials at that time. Edison became the most revered inventor in history, not only because of his tenacious perseverance and unique innovation, but also because most of his inventions were combined with production and supply, so that people could directly and immediately enjoy the effects of his inventions. 193 1 year, Edison left behind more than 2,000 inventions and died with all his glory and achievements. In order to commemorate him, Americans originally planned to cut off the power in the whole country on the day of the funeral to express their condolences to him, but after careful consideration, they realized that this idea was impossible. Think about it! Hospitals, factories, trains, elevators ... Without electricity and lighting, everything would be in chaos. Finally, the American people decided to turn off unnecessary lighting spontaneously. That night, even the torch held high by the Statue of Liberty went out, but Edison lit the lamp of the twentieth century for people!