Scientific Outlook on Development: The concept of development is a general and fundamental view on the essence, purpose, connotation and requirements of development. After the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with Hu Jintao as the general secretary put forward the concept of people-oriented, comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development, which is a major discovery of the guiding ideology of socialist modernization and the fundamental policy guiding the overall economic and social development of our country. Scientific Outlook on Development is a scientific theory that Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents come down in one continuous line and keep pace with the times. It is the product of combining Marxism with the reality of contemporary China and the characteristics of the times, and it is the latest achievement of Marxism in China.
2. Three magic weapons: 1939 10. Mao Zedong pointed out in the preface of * * producers that the United front, armed struggle and party building are the three magic weapons for China * * producers' party to defeat the enemy and win in the China revolution. The relationship between them is that the United front and armed struggle are two basic features of the China revolution and two basic weapons to defeat the enemy. The United front is the United front for armed struggle and the pillar of the United front. Party organizations are heroic fighters who have mastered the two weapons of the United front and armed struggle to charge the enemy.
A harmonious socialist society is a description of the ideal state of human social development and a dream of people at home and abroad. Generally speaking, a harmonious society is a harmonious, unified and coordinated society between man and nature, man and society, and people. It is a society in which productivity and relations of production, economic base and superstructure are in harmony, unity and coordinated development.
Diversification of development mode: refers to the colorful world time, and it is impossible to have only one civilization, one social system, one development mode, one value concept and one way of life. All countries and nations have contributed to human civilization. Only by respecting the diversity of different nationalities, religions and civilizations can world development be full of vitality.
parsing problem
The main contradiction in the primary stage of socialism is the contradiction between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie. (error. Principal contradiction refers to the contradiction that determines and affects other social contradictions in the whole contradictory social system. The main contradiction in the primary stage of socialism in China is the contradiction between the people's growing material and cultural needs and the backward social productive forces. This contradiction runs through the whole process of the primary stage of socialism and all aspects of social life. This contradiction should be clearly grasped, and other contradictions can be easily solved. Due to international and domestic factors, class contradictions will still exist in a certain range for a long time. In this regard, we should have a clear understanding and adopt a correct attitude and method to solve it.
At present, we recognize the legitimacy of distribution according to factors of production, because all factors of production create value. (error. At present, China is implementing a distribution system with non-distribution according to work as the main body and multiple distribution methods coexisting. Combine distribution according to work with distribution of production factors. This is an inevitable requirement for the development of socialist market economy and a major breakthrough in distribution theory. But the factors of production cannot produce value. That is to say, recognizing the legitimacy of the principle that production factors participate in distribution according to their contributions, and allowing and encouraging production factors to participate in distribution does not mean recognizing that all production factors create value. The participation of production factors in distribution according to contribution does not involve the source of value, but how to distribute the created value. Factors of production other than labor are not the source of value, they are only indispensable conditions for creating value. There is no causal relationship between the two. Fundamentally speaking, the distribution system with distribution according to work as the main body and multiple modes of distribution coexisting is determined by the ownership structure with public ownership as the main body and multiple ownership economies developing together. In addition, various forms of socialist public ownership and market economy are also important reasons for implementing the distribution of production factors according to contribution.
Short Answer Questions
The historical significance of the re-establishment and development of the party's ideological line. (1) it has effectively promoted and guaranteed the process of bringing order out of chaos; Second, it has effectively promoted and guaranteed comprehensive reform; Third, it has solved the major political problems related to the future and destiny of our party and country; Fourth, our party has successfully found the correct way to build socialism in China, which is backward in economy and culture; Fifth, it provides a scientific spiritual magic weapon for our party to maintain its vitality forever. Practice has proved that the re-establishment and development of the ideological line of seeking truth from facts has promoted the continuous innovation of our party's basic theory and provided a steady stream of spiritual power for the continuous development of our party and state.
How to understand Socialism with Chinese characteristics's transformation road? There are two facts about China's socialist transformation that are rare among the great revolutionary changes in the world history: First, it has successfully achieved such complicated, difficult and profound social changes in a country with a population of several hundred million, which not only did not destroy the productive forces, but promoted the development of industry, agriculture and the whole national economy; Second, the change has not caused great social unrest, but has greatly strengthened the unity of the people. This shows that the basic completion of China's socialist transformation is indeed a great historic victory. At the same time, there are some deviations, mainly because after the summer of 1957, the transformation requirements are too urgent, the work is too rough, the changes are too fast and the forms are too simple. But we can't deny the great significance of socialist transformation because of mistakes.
How to understand that the Party must always represent the development requirements of China's advanced productive forces? (A) always represent the development requirements of China's advanced productive forces and vigorously promote the development of productive forces, which is the fundamental embodiment and requirement of China's * * * production party standing in the forefront of the times and maintaining its advanced nature. As the representative of China's advanced productive forces, China's * * * production party stepped onto the historical stage. Leading the people in revolution, construction and reform is to promote the development and liberation of productive forces. ② The development of human society is a historical process in which advanced productive forces constantly replace backward productive forces. Socialist modernization must be based on developed productive forces. To lead the people in modernization, the Party must always represent the development requirements of advanced productive forces, and better liberate and develop productive forces by promoting the development of productive forces, constantly improving production relations and superstructure.
How to correctly handle the relationship between reform, development and stability? (The three promote each other, unify each other and have an inseparable relationship. Development is the purpose of reform. Reform is the driving force of development, development and reform are the foundation of stability, and stability is the premise of development and reform. When correctly handling the relationship between the three, we should unify the strength of reform, the speed of development and the degree that society can bear. Realizing social and political stability in reform and development, and promoting reform and development in social and political stability have always kept our whole work in the initiative position.
0. Paper problems
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1. Try to describe the basic characteristics of the socialist market economic system, that is, the combination of the basic socialist system and the market economy. On the one hand, the market economic system formed by this combination must reflect the institutional characteristics of socialism, on the other hand, it has the general characteristics of market economy. The characteristics of the system determined by socialism are as follows: first, in the ownership structure, public ownership is the main body, and various ownership economies develop together. All ownership economies that meet the "three benefits" standards can and should serve socialism. Under the premise of public ownership as the main body, public-owned enterprises and other enterprises compete equally and develop together in the market economy, and the state-owned economy plays a leading role in the national economy. Second, in the distribution system, we should adhere to distribution according to work, promote efficiency, reasonably widen the income gap, prevent polarization, pay attention to social equity, and gradually achieve prosperity. Third, in terms of macro-control, in order to realize the interests of the overwhelming majority of working people, socialist countries can combine people's current interests with long-term interests, local interests with overall interests, so that the market can play the basic role of resources under the macro-control of socialist countries, give better play to the advantages of planning and market, and give better play to the advantages of socialism and market economy.
As far as socialist market economy and capitalist market economy are both market economies, they all have the characteristics of * * * *: from the way of resource allocation, they are both market-oriented allocation means; From the micro level, the enterprise is an independent market subject and legal person subject; From the perspective of economic activities, the laws of market economy play a leading role; From a macro point of view, the government's macro-control is mainly achieved through economic means; From the perspective of economic operation, the legal system plays a fundamental role in safeguarding.
Noun interpretation
2. Functional armed separatist regime: It is the general concept that Mao Zedong put forward in Jinggangshan Struggle 1928 1 June, about the establishment of red political power in rural areas by the China * * * production party. It refers to the close combination with the agrarian revolution as the basic content, armed struggle as the main form and rural revolutionary base areas as the strategic position under the leadership of the China * * * Production Party. These three are complementary, closely combined and indispensable. The armed regime of workers and peasants is the basic way and the only way to realize the encirclement of cities by rural areas.
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2. Divide the fertilizer among four horses: it is an image expression of the profit distribution of individual enterprises in the stage of public-private partnership during the socialist transformation period. That is, in the stage of public-private partnership of individual enterprises, the state invests in enterprises and sends cadres to participate in management, and the profits of enterprises are distributed according to four aspects: national income tax, enterprise provident fund, workers' welfare funds and employers' dividends, and employers' dividends only account for a quarter, so the exploitation of capitalism is limited and the status of workers in enterprises has changed.
4. Governing the country according to law: Governing the country according to law means that the broad masses of people, under the leadership of the Party and in accordance with the Constitution and laws, manage state affairs through various channels and forms, ensure that state work is carried out according to law, and gradually implement socialist institutionalization and legalization. This system and law will not change because of the changes in leaders' views and emphasis.
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4. One country, two systems: Generally speaking, under the premise of one China, the main body of the state adheres to the socialist system; Hongkong, Macau and Taiwan Province Province are inseparable parts of China. As a special administrative region, the original capitalist system and lifestyle have remained unchanged for a long time. China can only be represented by People's Republic of China (PRC) internationally.
remove doubts and misgivings
1. The primary stage of socialism refers to the primary stage that a socialist country must go through when it enters socialism. (error. The primary stage of socialism is a new concept with specific meaning. He does not refer to the primary stage that any country will go through when it enters socialism, but refers to the specific historical stage that China must go through when building socialism under the conditions of low level of productivity development and underdeveloped commodity economy, which is the primary stage of the whole historical process of building Socialism with Chinese characteristics.
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3. To encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public sector of the economy, we cannot emphasize the dominant position of the public sector of the economy. (error. It is a basic economic system in the primary stage of socialism in China, with public ownership as the main body and multiple ownership economies developing together. The basic economic system in the primary stage of socialism also includes other non-socialist ownership economies. Socialism with Chinese characteristics's economy in the primary stage of socialism has both socialist economy and non-socialist economy. We must unswervingly encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public sector of the economy, unify it in the process of socialist modernization, and cannot oppose the two. Various ownership economies can give full play to their respective advantages, promote each other and develop together in the market competition. The core and foundation of the basic economic system of public ownership socialism determines the nature of the socialist social economic system. Any view that denies the dominant position of the public sector of the economy is untenable in theory and harmful in practice.
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Short answer
1. How to correctly understand the relationship between the theoretical achievements of Marxism in China and keeping pace with the times? The sinicization of Marxism in China is a historical process, and the sinicization of Marxism in China is the theoretical achievement in this process. Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, Theory of Three Represents and Scientific Outlook on Development come down in one continuous line and keep pace with the times, which is a unified scientific ideological system. The former laid a theoretical foundation for the formation and development of the latter, and the latter further enriched and developed on the basis of inheriting the basic principles of the former. They are dialectically unified in the great practice of China's revolution, construction and reform, and constantly broaden the new realm of the development of Marxism in China.
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3. How to understand that emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts are the essence of Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents? (First of all, emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts and keeping pace with the times runs through Deng Xiaoping's life; Secondly, emancipating the mind and keeping pace with the times run through the formation and development of Deng Xiaoping Theory, which is the starting point of history and the internal driving force of development; Finally, emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts and keeping pace with the times are the essence of Marxism, the living soul and the foundation to be done.
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3. Briefly describe the characteristics of China's reform and opening up? (It is all-directional, multi-level and wide-ranging. The so-called all-round, is to capitalist countries and socialist countries, developed countries and developing countries. The so-called multi-level is to form a national opening to the outside world through various forms according to the actual situation and characteristics of each region. The so-called "wide field" means opening to international commodity market, international capital market, international technology market and international labor market based on China's national conditions, and expanding opening to basic industries such as energy and transportation, as well as financial, insurance, real estate, science and technology, education and cultural services.
4. What are the goals and main tasks of building a harmonious socialist society? (1) the socialist democracy and legal system have been improved, the basic strategy of governing the country according to law has been fully implemented, and people's rights and interests have been earnestly respected and guaranteed; ② The trend of widening the development distance between urban and rural areas has been gradually reversed, a reasonable and orderly income distribution pattern has basically taken shape, family property has generally increased, and people's lives have become richer; ③ Social employment is relatively sufficient, and a social security system covering urban and rural residents is basically established; ④ The basic public service system is more perfect, and the level of government management and service is greatly improved; ⑤ The moral quality, scientific and cultural quality and health quality of the whole nation have been significantly improved, and good moral customs and harmonious interpersonal relationships have been further formed; ⑥ The creative vitality of the whole society has been significantly enhanced, and an innovative country has basically been built; ⑦ The social management system is more perfect and the social order is good; (8) The utilization rate of resources is obviously improved, and the ecological environment is obviously improved; (9) To achieve the goal of building a well-off society with a high level that benefits more than one billion people in an all-round way, and strive to form a situation in which all people try their best to live in harmony.