Gorky was born in a carpenter's family in Nizhny Novgorod on the Volga River on March 6th, 868. When his father died at the age of 4, he spent his childhood with his mother at his grandfather's house. 10 years old, Gorky began to make a living independently.
He worked as an apprentice, porter, janitor, baker, etc. , personally experienced the suffering of the lower classes. During this period, he studied hard and began to explore the truth of transforming society. From 65438 to 0884, he joined the populists, read the works of populists and Marx, and actively participated in revolutionary activities.
192 1 year1October, Gorky went abroad to recuperate due to illness and differences with the Bolshevik regime. 1928, Gorky returned to the Soviet Union. Under Stalin's arrangement, he made two long-distance trips in Russia and decided to return to China to settle down.
1934 was elected chairman of the writers association. After Gorky returned to China, as a banner of Soviet cultural circles, he did a lot of work for Soviet cultural construction. However, various problems in the Soviet Union in the 1930s kept him at a certain distance from Stalin and real politics.
1June, 93618th, Gorky died at the age of 68.
The extended information Gorky's early realistic works mostly take his experiences and feelings in riffraff as the theme, among which the most representative novel is Cerca Shi, which describes the noble qualities of Cerca Shi, an old tramp, who is brave, independent and unyielding in money and maintains human dignity, indicating that although their mental burden is still heavy, they are much more noble than selfish and vulgar individuals.
In art, Celka fully demonstrated Gorky's superb skills in portraying complex characters in his early realistic works. These works not only strongly accuse the evils of capitalist society, but also try to reveal the inner pain of tramps and the struggle between old and new consciousness, and capture the characteristics of the times of working people's life. Their purpose is still to arouse people's positive attitude towards life.
Gorky's literary creation began with romanticism. Gorky has been exploring the relationship between individual and history all his life, looking for a reasonable social life. The protagonists in his works are often full of fierce inner conflicts, actively participating in revolutionary activities and exploring ways to transform reality. Gorky was arrested, supervised and exiled by the czar government more than once, but he still carried out his revolutionary and literary activities consistently.
Gorky's works are full of praise for positive attitude towards life, eager to arouse people's passion for creating a new life, arouse people's pride in themselves as human beings, and despise pity and gifts. In Gorky's view, people have the power to create a life commensurate with people. Pity and gifts degrade people and humiliate their dignity.
The author is convinced that people's ignorance and backwardness are caused by history, not by nature. Once people get rid of the spiritual shackles of the dark past, they can stand up and fight for their own rights, become masters and creators of history, and become capitalized people.
Gorky always holds a distinct cultural purpose in his creation: to enhance people's self-awareness through literature and art, to improve people's self-confidence and moral and cultural watercolor, and to push the Russian nation to get rid of historical and spiritual burdens and move toward modernization. For this basic cultural purpose, Gorky believes that literary works should not be limited to exploring trivial matters of life, but should "talk about the possibility of exciting spirit and spiritual rejuvenation", have the voice of "creating life" and be good at "enriching life with the beauty of thoughts and words".
We should beautify people and life. This cultural purpose makes Goyle's tomb bleak in blind face and true in straight books. At the same time, he always wants to show the bright color of life through beautification and "fiction", so that people will not sink into despair because of the terrible reality. This is why he emphasized that as an artist, he should not only proceed from reality and dare to expose the dark reality in life, but also "be good at standing on reality" and "romanticize" positive phenomena.
References:
Maxim Gorky-Baidu encyclopedia