Section 1 Overview of National Defense

I. Elements of national defense

1. The concept of national defense: National defense refers to the military activities, political, economic, diplomatic, scientific, technical and educational activities related to the military conducted by a country to guard against and resist aggression, stop armed subversion, and safeguard the sovereignty, unity, territorial integrity and security of the country.

2, the four elements of national defense:

First, the main element, the main body of national defense is the country;

Second, the object elements, the object of national defense is foreign invasion and armed subversion;

The third is the purpose factor. The purpose of national defense is to defend the sovereignty, unity, territorial integrity and security of the country.

Fourth, the means elements. The means of national defense are military activities and military-related political, economic, diplomatic, scientific and technological, educational and other activities.

3. Types of national defense

Expansion type (such as the United States),

Self-defense type (such as China),

Alliance type (such as NATO, CIS, USA, Japan and Korea),

Neutral type: It can be divided into two types: the type that all the people are soldiers (such as Switzerland and Sweden) and the type that there is no national defense at all (such as San Marino).

4. The function of national defense: building the country, defending the country and strengthening the country.

5. The purpose of national defense: ① to defend national sovereignty; (2) Defending national unity; (3) Defending the territorial integrity of the country; (4) safeguarding national security.

Second, the history of national defense

1, ancient national defense of China

China's ancient national defense lasted about 4,000 years, from the establishment of Xia Dynasty in 2nd1century BC to the outbreak of Opium War in 840/AD.

China's modern national defense, from the Opium War to the May 4th Movement.

China's ancient national defense policy and theory: (optional)

First, the national defense guiding ideology of "people-oriented" and "being prepared for danger in times of peace";

Second, the national defense construction thought of "enriching Qiang Bing" and "combining soldiers with farmers";

Third, the national defense education thought of "patriotism teaching war" and "advocating martial arts";

Fourth, the national defense struggle strategy of "defeating the enemy without fighting" and "protecting the country and defending the country and the whole army".

Third, the main inspiration

China's thousands of years of national defense history, there is a kind of military equipment, spread thousands of miles, the world has become attached to it; There has been tranquility that leads but does not send, and forcibly stops; Had trauma and unbearable humiliation; Great victories have also been achieved in resisting the enemy, protecting the family and building a clean government.

1. Economic development is the foundation of a strong national defense.

2. Political openness is the basis for consolidating national defense.

National unity and national unity are the keys to a strong national defense.

Section 2 National Defense Regulations

First, the characteristics of national defense laws and regulations

1, adjust the military nature of the object.

2. Priority of judicial application

3. Severity of punishment measures

Second, the national defense laws and regulations system

1, national defense laws and regulations mainly include

People's Republic of China (PRC)'s national defense law P 18

People's Republic of China (PRC) Military Service Law P 19

People's Republic of China (PRC) National Defense Education Law P22

People's Republic of China (PRC) Civil Air Defense Law P23

2. The Military Service Law stipulates: "People's Republic of China (PRC) implements a military service system that combines conscripts with volunteers and militia with reserve."

3. According to the military service law and the relevant policies and regulations of the state and the army, there are usually three forms for fresh college graduates to join the army:

1) was recruited as a conscript.

2) Join the army as an officer.

3) enlist as a noncommissioned officer

4. The National Defense Education Law stipulates that the third Saturday of September every year is the National Defense Education Day. This year's National Defense Education Day in China is September 18.

5. What air defense facilities are there around you?

Subway, underground parking lot of high-rise building, underground shopping mall, tunnel, etc.

Three. Citizens' national defense obligations and rights

1, citizens' national defense obligations

1) military service obligations. There are three main forms for citizens to perform military service obligations: active service, reserve service and military training.

(2) Obligation to receive national defense education

(3) Obligation to protect national defense facilities

(4) Obligation to keep national defense secrets

5) Obligation to assist in national defense activities. The main obligations of assisting national defense activities are: supporting the army's subordinates, providing convenient conditions for military activities, and supporting the front line to participate in the war.

2. Citizens' right to national defense

1) the right to suggest national defense construction

2) the right to stop and report acts endangering national defense

3) the right to compensation for economic losses in national defense activities

Section 3 National Defense Construction

1, the concept of national defense construction

National defense construction refers to all aspects of construction to meet national security interests and improve national defense capabilities. Is an important part of national construction.

2. A basic feature of China's national defense leadership system is to emphasize the decisive position and role of China's * * * Production Party in national defense leadership.

3. National defense leading bodies

According to the Constitution and the National Defense Law, People's Republic of China (PRC)'s national defense leadership functions are exercised by the Central Committee, the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee, the Chairman, the State Council and the Central Military Commission (CMC). The Central Military Commission (CMC)'s full name is People's Republic of China (PRC) the Central Military Commission (CMC).

(1) * * National defense leadership authority of the Central Committee

(2) National defense functions and powers of the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee

(3) The functions and powers of the President in national defense.

(4) the State Council's functions and powers in national defense.

(5) the Central Military Commission (CMC)'s functions and powers in national defense.

The Central Military Commission (CMC) is the highest national military organ, responsible for leading the national armed forces.

The Central Military Commission has the headquarters of the People's Liberation Army of China, namely the General Staff Department, the General Political Department, the General Logistics Department and the General Armament Department of the People's Liberation Army of China.

The General Staff Department is responsible for organizing and leading the military construction of the national armed forces and organizing and directing the military operations of the national armed forces;

General Political Department: responsible for managing the Party work of the whole army and organizing political work;

General logistics department: in charge of logistics work of the whole army; The General Armament Department is in charge of the equipment work of the whole army.

Second, the achievements of national defense construction

1, casting a modern synthetic army;

2. Established a relatively complete national defense mobilization system;

China has done a lot of work in improving the national defense mobilization system:

A. establishing a national defense mobilization agency;

B. actively reserve national defense reserve forces;

C. relying on local colleges and universities to train national defense talents; (In May 2005, the State Council and the Central Military Commission promulgated the Decision on Establishing a System of Training Military Cadres Relying on General Higher Education. )

D. civil defense measures have been continuously improved.

3. A complete national defense science, technology and industry system has been formed;

4. Safeguarded national unity and security.

1949 since the founding of new China, China has experienced six foreign wars, namely:

1) War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea; 1950 to 1953

2) China-India border counterattack; 1962

3) War to Resist American Aggression and Aid Vietnam; 1965 to 1975

4) Sino-Soviet Treasure Island Battle; 1969

5) The Battle of Xisha between China and Vietnam (South Vietnam); 1974

6) Self-defense counterattack on the Sino-Vietnamese border; 1979―― 1989 the ten-year war between China and Vietnam.

Three. National defense construction objectives and national defense policies

1, national defense construction goal

1) consolidate national defense, guard against and resist aggression;

2) Stop splitting and realize national unity;

3) Stop armed subversion and maintain social stability;

4) Strengthen national defense construction and realize national defense and military modernization;

5) Maintain world peace and oppose aggression and expansion.

2. National defense policy

The concept of national defense policy: refers to the country's guiding principles for national defense construction and the use of national defense forces.

Contents of national defense policy:

(1) safeguard national security and unity, and safeguard national development interests.

(2) Strengthen the quality construction of the army with informationization as the main symbol, and realize the comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development of national defense and army building.

(3) Implement the military strategic policy of active defense.

(4) Adhere to the nuclear strategy of self-defense.

(5) Create a safe environment conducive to the peaceful development of the country.

Fourth, the construction of the armed forces.

1. Concept: Armed forces are the general name of various armed organizations owned by a country or political group. Generally, the army is the main body and consists of the army and other formal and informal armed organizations. Usually led by the top leader of a country or political group.

2, the composition of the world's armed forces can be roughly summarized into three types:

1) the combination of multiple (more than three) armed forces;

2) the combination of two armed groups (army or armed police);

3) A single armed organization (army, police or militia)

3. The armed forces of China are composed of various armed organizations, including the China People's Liberation Army, the Chinese People's Armed Police Force and the militia. It is a "three in one" armed forces system.

4. The active forces of China People's Liberation Army are composed of army, navy, air force and the Second Artillery Corps.

Army: infantry, armored forces, artillery, air defense, aviation, engineering, communications, chemical defense, electronic countermeasures and other arms and various professional orderlies.

Navy: submarine force, surface warship force, aviation force, marine corps, coastal defense force and other arms. (Navy, 1949 was established in Taizhou).

Air force: eliminate aviation, attack aviation, eliminate bomber aviation, bomb aviation, etc.

Second Artillery Corps: The full name is the Strategic Missile Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. (The Central Military Commission directly grasps the strategic force used, which is the core force of China's wet strategic deterrence. )

5. Missile classification

Missiles are divided into ballistic missiles and cruise missiles. (Ballistic missile refers to a missile that flies according to a predetermined procedure under the thrust of a rocket engine and flies in a free parabolic trajectory after flameout. Cruise missile refers to a missile that mainly flies in dense atmosphere under cruise condition by relying on the thrust of jet engine and aerodynamic lift of wing. )

According to the range: those with a range of more than 8,000 kilometers are called intercontinental missiles.

Long-range missiles with a range of 4,000 to 8,000 kilometers are called long-range missiles.

A missile with a range of 1000 to 4000 kilometers is called a medium-range missile.

A short-range missile with a range of 1000 km is called a short-range missile.

6. Functions of the armed police: maintaining national security;

Maintain social stability;

Ensure that people live and work in peace and contentment.

7. Militia organizations

Concept: Militia is a mass armed organization that is not divorced from production, an important part of Chinese armed forces, and an assistant and reserve force of the People's Liberation Army.

The role of militia: first, actively participate in modernization and take the lead in completing production tasks; The second is to undertake combat readiness service, defend the frontier and maintain social order; Third, be ready to join the army at any time, resist aggression and defend the motherland.

Section 4 National Defense Mobilization

1, the concept of national defense mobilization

National defense mobilization refers to the activities carried out by the state to change all or part of the social field from normal state to war state or emergency state according to the needs of national defense.

2. National defense education policy: participation of the whole people, long-term adherence, and pragmatic;

3. Principles of national defense education: 1) Combining regular education with centralized education,

2) Combining universal education with key education,

3) Combination of theoretical education and behavioral education.

4. The significance of national defense education: it is the basic project to build and consolidate national defense;

It is an important way to enhance national cohesion;

It is an important measure to improve the quality of citizens and realize the all-round development of people.