Basic introduction Chinese name: Shi Zhiren alias: Zi Shude Nationality: China Birthplace: Laoting County, Hebei Province Date of birth:1March 897 Date of death: 1972 1 year/October Occupation: mechanical engineering expert graduated from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States in political and democratic construction, scientific and technological development planning and technical transformation. Communication modernization, railway enterprise management, scientific research and production, evaluation, life reading experience 198 19 18 was admitted to Peking University Preparatory College, and in the same year was admitted to Hong Kong University, majoring in mechanical engineering. 1922 graduated, bachelor of engineering. He was admitted to study in the United States at public expense, entered the graduate school of mechanical engineering of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and graduated with a master's degree in 1924, continuing his doctoral degree. Influenced by the ideological trend of "saving the country by industry" at that time, he resolutely gave up writing his doctoral thesis and went deep into the factory for field visits. From 65438 to 0926, he returned to China and successively served as a professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering of Tianjin Beiyang University and a professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering of Shenyang Northeastern University. The technical work of Peking University Railway started from 1928 for 44 years. He has served as the engineering department of Beining Railway Locomotive Depot and the director of Shenyang Huanggutun Railway Factory. 1930 went to the United States to supervise the manufacture of imported locomotives and inspect European and American railways. After returning to China, he served as director of Tangshan Railway Factory, deputy director of Beijing-Shanghai, Shanghai-Hangzhou-Ningbo Railway Maintenance Department, director of Jinpu Railway Maintenance Department and chief engineer of National Switch Factory. After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Shi Zhecun retreated to the southwest and became the director of Gui Xiang Railway Bureau. Actively organize retired railway workers to repair railways, maintain traffic and support the war of resistance. 1944, the Japanese invaded the southwest, and the Xiang-Gui Railway fell one after another. Shi Zhiren was evacuated to Chongqing, where he served as director of the Highway Administration Department of the Ministry of Communications and director of the State Exchange Factory. 1945, after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Shi Zhiren was appointed as the traffic commissioner of Pingjin area, presided over the reception of railways, highways, postal services, telecommunications and shipping, and later served as the director of Ping Jin Railway Bureau. /kloc-at the beginning of 0/949, Beiping was peacefully liberated. He actively cooperated with the people's regime to take over the railway and resume production. 1949 10 was appointed as the deputy minister of the Ministry of Railways. Division of labor in charge of locomotive and rolling stock repair bureau, maintenance bureau, electric power bureau, health bureau, locomotive and rolling stock bureau, locomotive and rolling stock manufacturing bureau, and then in charge of locomotive and rolling stock industry bureau. In addition to being responsible for railway science and technology, he was repeatedly appointed by Premier Zhou Enlai to participate in the study and formulation of various laws and regulations and some foreign affairs and social activities. Since 1954, he was elected as the deputy to the first, second and third National People's Congress, and actively participated in the democratic construction of the people's political power in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China. He has always been concerned about the great cause of the motherland's reunification, using his social status to introduce the motherland's construction to his old colleagues and friends in Taiwan Province Province and overseas, talk about his personal feelings, and urge them to contribute to the great cause of the motherland's reunification. During his election as a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Science and Technology Development Plan actively participated in organizing and formulating the national science and technology development plan as the deputy head of the mechanical group of the State Science and Technology Commission and the head of the railway. Together with some professors and experts, he proposed to establish the China Mechanical Engineering Society and was elected as the vice chairman and chairman, which played a positive role in promoting academic exchanges. 1954 advocates and promotes technologies such as long rails, seamless rails, cement sleepers and microwave communication in the Ministry of Railways. Technical transformation In the 23 years after the founding of the People's Republic of China, as the vice minister in charge of locomotive and rolling stock work, he actively studied the advanced experience of the Soviet Union, combined with the reality of China, presided over the reform of the management system of locomotive and rolling stock industry, and realized the centralization and unification of the repair and manufacturing industrial bases; A comprehensive modern technological transformation has been carried out, and the production technical level and production capacity have been improved. The original rolling stock has also been modernized, the layout has been rationally adjusted, a number of repair and manufacturing factories have been rebuilt and expanded, and the production scale has been expanded. Under his personal guidance, the first generation of domestic rolling stock was developed, and the technical equipment of rolling stock and electric service was technically transformed, expanded and updated. At the same time, various management rules and regulations have been established and improved, which has made important contributions to the development of railway science and technology. Shi Zhiren's position is1926 ——1927 Professor of Mechanical Department of Beiyang University. 1927 ——1928 Professor department of mechanical engineering from Northeastern University. 1928 ——1929 Engineering Department of Locomotive Depot of Beining Railway Bureau. 1929 ——1930 Deputy Director and Director of Huanggutun Railway Factory. 1931-1934 deputy director and director of Tangshan railway general factory. 1934 ——1935 Deputy Director of Locomotive Depot of Beijing-Shanghai-Hangzhou-Ningbo Railway Bureau. 1935 ——1937 Director of Locomotive Depot of Jinpu Railway Bureau and General Engineering Office of National Railway Corporation. 1938 ——1943 Director of Gui Xiang Railway Bureau. 1944 ——1945 director of the railway administration bureau of the Ministry of communications, director of the national railway general machinery factory, and member of the technical standards Committee of the Ministry of communications. 1945 ——1946 Ping Jin District Traffic Commissioner. 1946 ——1948 Director of Ping Jin Railway Bureau. 1949 ——1972 vice minister of railways, deputy head of machinery group of state science and technology commission, and head of railway group. 1957 ——1972 deputy head of mechanical group and head of railway group of state science and technology commission. Won the honor of1950-1972, and was elected as the vice chairman and chairman of China mechanical engineering society. 1955 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences. From 1928 to 1949, Shi Zhiren worked in the old China * * * railway department for 2 1 year, and engaged in railway industry, maintenance, transportation and other technical business for a long time. Has presided over the design and construction of Huanggutun in Shenyang and Qishuyan Railway Factory in Changzhou. During his stay in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he organized the construction of Liulaibin Railway and Guilin Su Qiao Railway Factory. He is an outstanding mechanical engineering expert who is familiar with railway technology and rolling stock technology. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Shi Zhiren devoted himself to changing the backward appearance of the original railway industry. In view of the comprehensiveness of the production structure of the factory, the complexity of the composition structure of various products, outdated and crude equipment, backward technology, unreasonable layout and scattered management, especially in view of the fact that railways were monopolized by foreign capitalism in the past and locomotives and rolling stock and equipment were imported from abroad, he spent about 10 years from 19, under the guidance of Shi Zhiren's organization, with unparalleled courage and Starting from the three-year recovery period of the national economy, according to the conditions and distribution of the original 35 railway factories, and according to the long-term development needs of the railway, after comprehensive balance, he implemented the policy of moving, stopping, merging and turning, and retained 20 factories with good production conditions and technical foundation. Tangshan and Changxindian railway factories are brought under the direct jurisdiction of the Ministry of Railways as backbone enterprises, and on this basis, 20 factories are gradually brought under the unified management of the Ministry of Railways. Since then, the situation of decentralized management and fragmented management has ended, so that the distribution of maintenance capacity tends to be balanced, and the retained backbone factories have been enriched and strengthened to varying degrees. In order to increase the number of rolling stock as much as possible, Shi Zhiren organized some large factories with strong technical force to overcome many difficulties and began to imitate the first batch of domestic passenger and freight vehicles. At the beginning of 1952, six of the original six key factories were selected to establish China locomotive and rolling stock manufacturing industrial base. On June 26th, 1952, the first domestic steam locomotive was born in Qingdao Sifang Railway Factory. China Railway began to manufacture rolling stock, marking the rise of China's independent and self-reliant railway industry in the East. In the early days of the People's Republic of China, Shi Zhiren adjusted and reformed the original models (including 187 locomotive, 120 bus and more than 200 trucks). First of all, adjust and reform according to the product type, change the comprehensiveness of the original factory production structure and become a professional production structure. That is to say, the original comprehensive factory integrating locomotives, buses and trucks will be changed into a professional locomotive factory, bus factory and truck factory, or a locomotive bus factory, truck factory and truck factory. Initially realize the simplification of various production structures to specialized production structures. At the same time, a specialized parts factory has been established to carry out specialized division of labor and cooperation in parts production for each locomotive and vehicle. Secondly, adjust and reform the specialized product structure according to the product model. That is to say, according to the professional division of vehicles, each factory undertakes one or two kinds of original products with a large number, and also undertakes several kinds of miscellaneous products with a small number, so as to simplify the product categories and form a specialized fixed-point cooperation system for locomotive and rolling stock repair, manufacturing and spare parts production. After the completion of the professional adjustment reform, the labor productivity of all factories has increased by about 37% on average, and the product quality and production capacity have been significantly improved. In order to meet the growing transportation needs, Shi Zhiren actively organized the manufacture of locomotives and rolling stock, and set about establishing research, test, design and manufacturing bases. He advocated accumulating experience from imitation, vigorously mobilizing the creative consciousness of engineers and technicians, and breaking the limitations of rut and pure imitation. Through imitation, the power to design and manufacture automobiles is formed, creating conditions for the transformation to domestically developed locomotives and rolling stock. This not only avoids detours due to lack of design and manufacturing experience, but also accelerates the development process of new domestic locomotives and rolling stock. Practice has proved that the transition from imitation to self-development is correct. Since 1956, Shi Zhiren has been focusing on guiding the research and development of modern new locomotives and rolling stock. He, Cheng Xiaogang and others attended the Twelfth Five-Year Plan Meeting of National Scientific Development hosted by Premier Zhou, and organized experts from relevant departments, scientific research institutions, railway colleges and universities and experts and scholars outside the road to discuss various technical decisions. For example, the development direction of traction power has been extensively and carefully investigated and repeatedly demonstrated; Regarding the selection of high-power diesel engines, he personally led scientific and technological experts to Shanghai Diesel Engine Factory, Shanghai Hudong Shipyard, Shanghai Steam Turbine Factory, Wuxi Diesel Engine Factory and Datong Diesel Engine Factory. The design, experimental research and production technology of diesel engine were investigated, and technical consultation was conducted with experts from various enterprises. It plays an important guiding role in the development of railway diesel locomotives. At the same time, people were sent to Shaanxi Xingping Diesel Engine Factory to inspect the technology and technical equipment of 10L207 diesel engine. In order to develop electric locomotives, the electrified railway in Baofeng section was comprehensively inspected, with emphasis on the technical performance, application and maintenance of 6Y2 electric locomotives imported from France. In Fengzhou, Cao Jianyou, a professor at Tangshan Railway Institute, discussed the problems and solutions in the feedback of electric locomotive braking regenerative power generation on long ramps. Shi Zhiren discussed with Cheng Xiaogang, Cao Jianyou and other experts, combined with actual research and brainstorming, and formed the guiding principle for the development direction of traction power. According to the industrial technology level and background of China at that time, we must consider the dual needs of peacetime and wartime transportation. He pointed out that diesel locomotives, as a separate traction power, have greater maneuverability in wartime, which is superior to electric locomotives limited by fixed power transformation and distribution equipment. Therefore, he suggested to the Ministry of Railways that the modernization of traction power should be based on diesel locomotives, with diesel locomotives and electric locomotives simultaneously; The synchronous development of electric drive and hydraulic drive of diesel locomotive; He also pointed out that in different trunk lines and sections, the selection and priority of traction power should be determined according to the actual situation, mainly based on the traffic volume and the longitudinal section of the line, and the above principles should not be adhered to mechanically. Since 1953, Shi Zhiren has organized many experts from the electric department to discuss the modernization of railway communication signals, and made timely decisions on technical issues such as automatic block, centralized dispatching, carrier communication and microwave communication. For example, the automatic block mode of Jingshan line is selected from several evaluation schemes, and the double-line one-way AC automatic block proposed by Zhu Qichang, a researcher at the Institute of Railway Research, is selected, and the binary two-position track relay scheme is adopted. At the beginning of 1953, Shi Zhiren led the responsible persons and experts of relevant electric power departments to visit various stations and sections in Guye, Tangshan, Xugezhuang, Lutai, Tanggu and Tianjin, and conducted special discussions on the interference of underground power supply in mining areas and track insulation in saline-alkali areas. It is decided to build a 28-kilometer automatic block test section from Xinhe to Zhang Gui Zhuang in advance before the large-scale construction of the whole line, to test track insulation and self-made electrical equipment, and to accumulate construction experience. 1956, the whole line was completed and put into use. In addition, the modernization of communication signals in Sujiatun and Fengtai hump marshalling stations is also under way. In order to accumulate experience in the design and construction of centralized approach for small stations, Sanjiadian Station on Fengsha Line in the suburbs of Beijing was selected for the pilot project, and practical experience was gained. In addition, 609.6 km automatic block, 166.9 km semi-automatic block and 920.4 km signal cable were set up during the first five-year plan period, which made the stations have signals and interlocking, and changed the original backward appearance. And unified the signal display distance in the national railways, from the original 500 meters to 1200 meters. By the end of 1957, the total number of railway stations with centralized electricity and machinery increased by 75% compared with 1952, and the turnout interlocking device increased by 79% compared with 1952. As the leader of the Ministry of Railways, Shi Zhiren has made outstanding contributions in decision-making and organization and implementation. Railway Communication Signal can persist in seeking truth from facts when deciding major technical issues, listen to and concentrate correct opinions extensively, and make a decision after gaining experience through experiments. This spirit of seeking truth from facts is the key to Shi Zhiren's achievements in various technical work. Shi Zhiren, the manager of railway enterprises, began to manage the disunity and unstable production of the former railway industry in the early days of the founding of New China. When eliminating the remaining feudal bureaucratic comprador management methods, we should attach importance to actively learning from the experience of medium-long railways, so that enterprises can rely on the working class and implement democratic and scientific management. He and the experts from the factory affairs department went to various factories to investigate, sum up the promotion experience and establish a scientific management system in line with the reality of China Railway. In view of the disadvantages of chaotic production management and unbalanced locomotive operation, it is proposed to establish a prediction system for repair and replacement of main parts and a factory visit system to make preparations in advance and shorten the repair cycle. In addition, the whole process management method of locomotive from entering the factory for maintenance to completion acceptance and delivery is established, so that each production link has a complete management system and assessment means, and no one is responsible. Strengthen the preparation of production technology, strictly control the production dynamics based on the operation plan, so that each process can be carried out in a rhythmic and balanced manner. Strengthen the production scheduling command system, establish a perfect scheduling network, implement unified command, and ensure that production is carried out as planned. He asked each factory to clearly define the division of labor, rationally adjust the work and process layout according to the operating rules, and set up special production sections. Establish a section or process record book, conduct assessment in strict accordance with the division of labor responsibility system, and strictly control the quality. According to the workshop section, formulate standardized operation specifications, establish production dynamic analysis system, and maintain production order. He also proposed to establish a system of exchanging spare parts turnover reserve, grade reserve and grade treatment, change the previous manual operation mode of dismantling and repairing, matching seats and original cars, implement spare parts exchange and grade repair, realize the way of organizing production according to batches, and implement parallel operation and assembly line operation to improve the efficiency of car repair. These guiding principles put forward by Shi Zhiren have been endorsed by scientific and technological cadres at all levels and experts from the former Soviet Union, forming a * * * knowledge. Revised and finalized by Shi Zhiren, "Operating Instructions for Organizing Locomotive Receiving, Overhauling and Handover in Railway Factories" has been issued and implemented since September 1952, and achieved good results, which enabled most factories to achieve balanced production in ten days, and the production technology management of each factory embarked on a scientific track, which is one of the major reforms in the management of railway repair industry. For the above experience, in 1955, Shi Zhiren presided over the decision to fully promote it in vehicle repair shops. Shi Zhiren personally presided over the formulation of the first regulations and rules for locomotive and rolling stock overhaul in China, as well as the corresponding rules and systems for quality inspection and product acceptance, which enabled the locomotive and rolling stock overhaul to have unified technical standards and overhaul quality standards, and strengthened quality supervision and quality management in the whole production process. Shi Zhiren has done outstanding work for the development of railway science and technology: establishing scientific research bases, enriching and perfecting scientific research institutions, guiding work and popularizing and applying scientific research results; Advocate the combination with production practice to serve the development of production; Apply scientific research achievements, develop new products, improve technical level, improve product quality with advanced technical means, and inject vitality into the production and development of enterprises with advanced scientific and technological achievements. At the beginning of 1952, organized and directed the development of the first track inspection vehicle in China, which was designed and manufactured by Tangshan Railway Factory. 1954, the trial production was successful, and he personally participated in the test; 1955, through technical appraisal, is produced by our factory and used by various railway bureaus. This kind of vehicle plays an inspection role in determining the technical condition of railway lines and improving the maintenance quality. At the request of the former Soviet Ministry of Communications, the first batch of scientific and technological achievements were provided to it in 1955. In the early 1950s, according to the needs of scientific research, Shi Zhiren organized and guided the construction of the test section of Beijing Eastern Suburb Ring Road Railway in the Institute of Railway Science. He took part in the technical performance tests of many new locomotives and rolling stock. This section provides a good test site for the development of new locomotives and other railway scientific research projects. According to Shi Zhiren's suggestion, the Ministry of Railways decided on 1959 to set up a professional research institute for locomotives and rolling stock focusing on product research. Dalian Thermal Locomotive Research Institute, Sifang Vehicle Research Institute, Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Research Institute and Qishuyan Technology Research Institute have been established one after another, located near the counterpart factories. This facilitates the renewal of scientific research and technology, and enables scientific research results to be popularized and applied in time. It plays an important role in the adoption of new technologies, new processes, new materials and new equipment, the development of testing technology, the transmission of scientific and technological information, the formulation and verification of technical standards, and the cultivation of talents. Shi Zhiren's foresight has played an extremely important role in the development of locomotive and rolling stock industry and railway construction in China. Evaluation of his life hard and simple, honest, adhere to the truth, the pursuit of progress. Seriously study Marxist-Leninist works, support the leadership of * *, and love the socialist motherland. Dedicated to the prosperity of the socialist railway industry, fully demonstrated the lofty patriotism of a technical expert.