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Information about snow

Water is the foundation of all kinds of life on the earth, and its changes and movements have created our world today. On the earth, water is constantly circulating. The water in the ocean and on the ground is heated and evaporated into the sky. The water vapor moves to other places with the wind. When they encounter cold air, they form precipitation and return to the earth's surface. There are two kinds of precipitation: one is liquid precipitation, which is rain; The other is solid precipitation, which is snow or hail.

The precipitation that falls on the earth's surface in the form of solid in the atmosphere is called atmospheric solid precipitation. Snow is one of the most extensive, universal and main forms of atmospheric solid precipitation. There are many kinds of atmospheric solid precipitation, including beautiful snowflakes, hail that can cause great harm, and snow graupel and ice particles that we don't often see.

Due to the difference of meteorological conditions and growth environment in the sky, all kinds of atmospheric solid precipitation are caused. The names of these atmospheric solid precipitation vary from place to place, from person to person, varied and extremely inconsistent. For convenience, the International Ice and Snow Committee under the International Hydrological Association held a special international conference in 1949 on the basis of consulting experts from various countries, at which the proposal of "Concise Classification of Atmospheric Solid Precipitation" was adopted. This concise classification divides atmospheric solid precipitation into ten types: snowflake, star snowflake, columnar snowflake, needle snowflake, multi-branch snowflake, axial snowflake, irregular snowflake, graupel, ice particle and hail. The first seven kinds are collectively called snow. Why can't the last three be called snow? It turns out that there are two processes for gaseous water vapor to become solid water. One is that water vapor first becomes water, and then water condenses into ice crystals. Another is that water vapor directly becomes ice crystals without water. This process is called condensation of water. Therefore, snow is solid precipitation formed by condensation of water vapor in the sky. (The diagram on the right shows ten kinds of atmospheric solid precipitation, from top to bottom: snow flakes, star-shaped snow flakes, columnar snow crystals, needle-shaped snow crystals, multi-branched snow crystals, axial snow crystals, irregular snow crystals, graupel, ice particles and hail).

Si Nuo's close relatives.

graupel

In summer, in mountainous areas, there are often many supercooled water droplets frozen around the crystal nucleus, forming a white, dull round particle. Meteorology calls this kind of thing graupel, and in many places, it is popularly called Mi Xue or Snow Graupel. Generally, the diameter of graupel is between 0.3 and 2.5 mm, which is brittle and easy to break. Polonium does not belong to the category of snow, but it is also a kind of atmospheric solid precipitation.

Ice particles and hail

In summer, in the northern plain, two other kinds of atmospheric solid precipitation are often encountered, namely ice particles and hail. Ice particles and hail are relatively large translucent ice beads formed by flowing water droplets freezing around condensation nuclei layer by layer. Meteorology, the particle size less than 5 mm is called ice particles, and the particle size greater than 5 mm is called hail. Hail brings great harm to agricultural production. According to records, the largest hail in the world is bigger than a fist, with a diameter of over 1 0cm and a weight of over1kg.

Frost, rain and fog

In addition to atmospheric solid precipitation, another kind of "ground growth type" solid precipitation often appears on the ground, which is frost, rain and fog.

Although these solid precipitation are not atmospheric solid precipitation, they are only formed by condensation, crystallization and freezing of surface water vapor. But these solid precipitation also have a great impact on human production activities. Everyone is familiar with frost, which often reduces agricultural production. In order to avoid freezing injury, people have worked hard. Rain and fog are not very friendly to human beings. They usually appear on high mountains. In supercooled weather, when tiny raindrops or fog drops hit the surface of a severely cooled object, they form rain and fog on it.

The intensity and scale of this solid precipitation are sometimes amazing. Often in a day or two, an ice shell more than one meter thick can gather on the windward side of the object, and the scenery is very magical, just like the artistic conception in fairy tales.

How do snowflakes form?

How does the water vapor in the air movement form snowfall in the sky? Is the temperature below zero enough? No, if water vapor wants to crystallize, two conditions must be met to form snowfall:

One condition is that water vapor is saturated. The maximum amount of water vapor that air can hold at a certain temperature is called saturated water vapor. The temperature at which air reaches saturation is called dew point. When saturated air is cooled to a temperature below the dew point, the excess water vapor in the air becomes water droplets or ice crystals. Because the saturated water vapor content of ice surface is lower than that of water surface, the water vapor saturation required for the growth of ice crystals is lower than that of water droplets. That is to say, water droplets can grow only when the relative humidity (relative humidity refers to the ratio of the actual vapor pressure in air to the saturated vapor pressure of air at the same temperature) is not less than 100%; As for ice crystals, they tend to grow when the relative humidity is less than 100%. For example, when the temperature is -20℃ and the relative humidity is only 80%, ice crystals can grow. The lower the temperature, the less humidity is needed for the growth of ice crystals. Therefore, in the high-altitude and low-temperature environment, ice crystals are more likely to be produced than water droplets.

Another condition is that there must be condensation nuclei in the air. Some people have done experiments, if there is no condensation nucleus, the water vapor in the air will only condense into water droplets if it is supersaturated to a relative humidity of more than 500%. But such a large supersaturation phenomenon will not exist in the natural atmosphere. So without condensation nuclei, it is difficult for us to see rain and snow on the earth. Condensation nuclei are tiny solid particles suspended in the air. The ideal condensation nuclei are those particles that absorb the most water. Such as sea salt, sulfuric acid, nitrogen and other chemicals. So we sometimes see clouds in the sky, but there is no snow. In this case, people often use artificial snowfall.

Non-condensing snowflakes in the sky

Snow falls from the sky. How can there be non-condensing snowflakes in the sky?

1in the winter of 773, a newspaper in Petersburg, Russia reported a very interesting news. According to news reports, at a dance, due to the large number of people and the burning of hundreds of candles, the ballroom was hot and stuffy, and the ladies and gentlemen in poor health almost fainted in front of the God of Joy. At this time, a young man jumped on the windowsill and smashed the glass with one punch. As a result, an unexpected miracle appeared in the ballroom. Beautiful snowflakes danced in the hall with the cold airflow outside the window and fell on the hair and hands of people who were dizzy with heat. Someone rushed out of the ballroom curiously to see if it was snowing outside. Surprisingly, the sky is dotted with stars and the crescent moon is as silver as water.

So, where did the snowflakes in the hall come from? This is really a puzzling question. Is anyone playing any magic tricks? But no matter how clever a magician is, he can't play with snowflakes in the hall.

Later, scientists solved the mystery. It turns out that the breath of many people in the ballroom is full of water vapor, and the burning of candles has scattered many condensation nuclei. When the cold air outside the window breaks through the window, it forces the saturated water vapor in the hall to condense and crystallize immediately and turn into snowflakes. So as long as it snows, it will snow in the house.

The basic shape of snowflakes

The scenery is beautiful when it snows, but scientists and artists appreciate the exquisite snowflake patterns. Glaciologists began to describe the shape of snowflakes in detail more than a hundred years ago.

Ding Duoer, the originator of western glaciology, described the snowflakes he saw on Luoza Peak in his classic glaciology works: "These snowflakes ... are all composed of small ice flowers, each of which has six petals, some of which release beautiful little lateral tongues like Su Hua, some are round, some are arrow-shaped, or zigzag, some are complete, and some are lattice-shaped, but they are not beyond.

In China, as early as 100 BC in the era of Emperor Wendi of the Western Han Dynasty, there was a poet named Han Ying who wrote a biography of Han Poetry, which clearly pointed out that "there are six snowflakes everywhere."

The basic shape of snowflakes is hexagonal, but there are almost no two identical snowflakes in nature, just as there are no two identical people on earth. Many scholars have observed thousands of snowflakes with microscopes. These studies finally show that it is impossible to form snowflakes with the same shape and size and partial symmetry in nature.

Among these observed snowflakes, even the regularly symmetrical snowflakes are deformed. Why do snowflakes deform? Because the water vapor content in the atmosphere around snowflakes can't be the same in all directions, as long as there is a slight difference, the side with more water vapor content always grows fast.

There are many collectors of snowflake patterns in the world. They collect all kinds of snowflake photos like stamp collectors. An American named Bentley took nearly 6,000 photos in his life. Soviet photographer Siger Mountain is also a photographer of snowflake photos. His charming works are often used as models of structural patterns by artists. Japanese Nakatani Yoshijiro and his colleagues worked hard for 20 years, shooting and studying thousands of snowflakes in the cold room of the laboratory of Hokkaido University in Japan and in the tent on the snowfield in northern Japan.

However, although snowflakes have various shapes, they remain unchanged, so scientists may classify them into the above seven shapes. Among these seven shapes, hexagonal snowflake and hexagonal prism snowflake are the most basic forms of snowflake, and the other five are only the development, transformation or combination of these two basic forms.

Grue snow;

snow

slow

( 1)

(I know. Save the sound of rain, coma and coma. When the water vapor in the air cools below zero degrees Celsius, some of it condenses into ice crystals and falls from the air, which is called snow)

(2)

Synonym [snow]

The road is muddy and difficult to walk, and people are thirsty and hungry. -"Poem Xiaoya Cai Wei"

Spring is chilly like rain, and Yu Ning is like snow. -Xie Huilian's Fu Xue is annotated with The Five Classics as a Mirror.

The level is heavy snow. -"Zuo Zhuan, Nine Years of Seclusion"

Hemp clothes are like snow. -"Poetry Cao Feng Insect Wandering"

[Meng Dong Moon] Autumn has come, and from time to time there will be snow and frost, and from time to time there will be land erosion. -The Book of Rites and the Moon Order

All my life, the color is white. -Du Fu's poem "Northern Expedition"

(3)

Another example: the firefly window in the snow case (metaphor for studying hard); Red in the snow (that is, red claws of snow mud); Snow wave paper (a kind of rice paper with wavy dark lines)

(4)

Metaphorical white

Snow coat, snow hair, jade mouth, fish in the shadow of the stream. -"Egret" by Don Mutu

Have you seen the lovely hair in the bright mirror in the high room, although it is still silky black in the morning, it turns into snow at night? -Li Bai's "Into the Wine"

(5)

Another example: snow (silver); Snow training (color like white silk); Snowflake silver (silver); Snow muscle (skin as white as snow); The color of snow (white)

(6)

The metaphor is noble and undefined.

Pine and pine, snow and rope. -Revising "Sending Taoist Jiang to Nanyue" before.

Ten years later, first frost's bones are still healthy. -Song Yang Wanli's poems

Pine and pine, snow and rope. -Tang Guanxiu's "Send Jiang Daoshi Nanyue".

(7)

Another example: snow plaid (metaphor for noble character); Xiaoxue (indifferent and unenthusiastic)

(8)

surname

snow

slow

( 1)

Snow [snow]

When it began to snow, five places were congratulated. -Shi Shuo Xin Yu

(2)

Another example is a visit to Pu on a snowy night (Zhao Kuangyin went to Zhao Pu's house to talk about the story of a snowy night of state affairs); Xuefeng (Xuefeng); Snow clouds (snow clouds)

(3)

Wash the snow [wipe it clean; Turn a new leaf]

The doctor planted auxiliary wings to see Gou Jian, the king of Yue, and got revenge. -"Huainan Pan Zi Lun"

(4)

Another example: Zheng Xue (Zhao Xue corrected); Snow ballads (words to wash away snow ballads)

(5)

Wipe; Dry [wipe]

Xiaomi is not rice, but snow peach. -"Everything is ready"

Some words can't be said, and Xue cried and thought of Doris. -Tang Li Bai's "Li Shui Road Crys Wang Yan"

(6)

Another example: snow tears (wiping tears); Snow removal (cleaning); Snow annoyance (eliminating boredom); Snow tears (wiping tears); Snow peach (peach polishing)

snow-white

Xu Beihong

White as Snow

snow leopard

Chronicle of a Blood Merchant

[Snow Leopard; Snow Leopard 】 Felis uncia, a large cat with excellent patterns in the mountains of Central Asia, has long and dense fur, irregular dark brown stripes in summer and almost pure white in winter (Panthera uncia, also produced in the mountainous areas of southwest and northwest China).

snowstorm

Chronicle of a Blood Merchant

( 1)

[snowstorm]

(2)

snowstorm

(3)

Strong winds carry a large number of snowflakes flying in the air, which makes the visibility generally less than 1 km.

avalanche

Chronicle of a Blood Merchant

( 1)

[Avalanche]: A large number of snow blocks fall from the mountain.

(2)

[Avalanche]: A large piece of ice and snow that quickly slides down a hillside or over a cliff.

ice and snow

Chronicle of a Blood Merchant

( 1)

[ice and snow]

(2)

Ice formed by aggregation of snow, as in a glacier.

(3)

White porous ice formed by semi-melted snow or ice freezing.

bobsled

Xuqi

[sledge; luge

snow dust

Xu Qin

[Snow Dust] Granular snow carried by the wind.

Revenge insult

Xuchang

[revenge insult; Eliminate shame]

Take revenge for insulting (someone)

snowbank

Layla

[Snowdrift] A snowy hill or slope.

ferret

Xu di

[Mink-Mink] The particularly fierce mink is a valuable rat catcher, which is very similar to the wild European chicken mink. It is said that it is a cross between a domestic mink and a pheasant mink.

snowdrift

Xudu

Snow [snowdrift]

accumulated snow

Layla

[Snow blanket] On the surface of snow, snow can protect and moisten the plants below.

ice cream

Layla

( 1)

[Popsicle]: The sorbet is frozen on the stick.

(2)

Snow: A white dessert, which is made by mixing egg white, sugar and pulp.

retaliate

Xu Xuan

[Revenge; Revenge] washes away hatred.

pay off old scores

snowflake

Xuchang

[Snowflakes] The snow falling in the air is mostly hexagonal, like flowers.

cigar

Layla

[Cigar] A cigarette made of tobacco leaves is thicker than a regular cigarette.

snow crystal

Xu jingjing

[Snow Crystal] Several common ice crystals in snow. Snow crystal is a single crystal. Unlike snowflakes, snowflakes are usually the condensation of many individual snow crystals.

Snow-blind sunglasses

Layla

[snow goggles] There are two narrow slits of sawdust used by Eskimos to prevent snow blindness.

snow roller

Xu Zhuo

[Snow roller] A pile of snow rolled up by the wind, usually cylindrical with concave ends.

Snow shell

soso

[Snow Shell] A fragile and hard outer layer that freezes on soft snow.

Blue snow

Xu LAN

[Roof guard] A sliding device installed on the roof to prevent snow from invading.

Snow red, mustard seed

Xu Luohong, Xu Luohong

A variety of Setaria italica. (Crispi leaves) and mustard greens (mustard greens) have rectangular leaves and bright yellow flowers. Stems and leaves are common vegetables, which are generally pickled and eaten.

As bright as snow

Xu Lian

( 1)

[as bright as snow]: as bright as snow

Distinguishing fluorescent lamp

(2)

Shiny: Having a bright appearance, appearance, or appearance.

A sharp dagger

Asphyxiating diarrhea

Xu Meng

[Snow blindness] photophobia and inflammation caused by unprotected eyes and exposure to ultraviolet rays reflected by ice and snow vilen.

Swan footprints found in snow and mud-traces of the past

Chronicle of a Blood Merchant

[traces of the past; Human life is similar to that of migratory birds that leave footprints on the beach. A metaphor for the traces left by the past. It also means that life is impermanent and traces are impermanent.

snowflake

Huppen

"Snow" refers to falling snow.

Skiing in a sleigh

Xu Xun

( 1)

[sleigh; Sleigh]: A vehicle mounted on a pair of sliding devices, usually used to slide on snow or ice.

(2)

[sleigh]: children's sleigh

(3)

Sled: [Sled] A short sled, usually used as one of a pair of skis connected by a connector.

Xueqiao

Xu Qiao

[Snow Bridge] A snow bridge across the glacier ice Gap.

light purple

Xu Changqing

[Lilac; light purple

snowy mountain

Xuchang

[Snow Mountain] A mountain covered with snow all year round.

Snow plus frost-aggravation

Xuchang city

[Disasters one after another; To add insult to injury, I suffered again and suffered more serious injuries.

Newly melted snow

Xu you

( 1)

[Snow Water]: Water formed by snow

(2)

[Snow soup] ∴: Snow and water are mixed.

cedar

Xu Sanduo

[Deodar; Cedar: A Chinese fir (Cedar Cedar) from China, native to East India.

snow line

Xu xizai

The lowest line of permanent snow.

Prove sb's innocence

Xu you

Prove sb's innocence; Redness indicates dissatisfaction]

snow field

Xu you

[Snowfield; Vast snowfields; Especially when it is covered with snow all year round (as the source of a glacier).

The white light reflected by the snow in the sky

Xu zhimo

[Snowlink] The white light in the sky above the snow is brighter than the reflection of ice.

Send charcoal to your door on snowy days-provide help in time

Xu Zongheng

Give charcoal in the snow 】【 give charcoal in the snow. Help others in time when they are in urgent need.

Only icing on the cake, that is a timely help. -the first moment of surprise in Ming Ling's dream.

snow

Xu ㄒㄩㄝ

( 1)

The white crystals falling in the sky are mostly hexagonal, which are condensed when the water vapor in the sky cools below zero degrees Celsius: ~ flowers. ~ mountain. ~ give timely help to others when they are in trouble.

(2)

Wash away, remove: revenge ~ hatred. For the country ~ shame. Rehabilitate ~.

(3)

Wipe: "Stefanie laughs alone, and the public cares about Stefanie with tears."

(4)

Last name.

Zheng code: FVXB, U: 96EA,: D 1A9

Number of strokes: 1 1, radical: rain, stroke sequence number:1452444511.

Grue snow;

Effects of Snow on Human Health

In winter, it snows endlessly. People often ignore the role of snow when watching Yushu Qionghua. Snow has many benefits to human health. Compendium of Materia Medica has long recorded that snow water can detoxify and cure the plague. There is a folk prescription for treating fire burns and frostbite with snow water.

Taking a bath with snow water often can not only enhance the resistance between skin and body, reduce diseases, but also promote blood circulation and enhance physical fitness. Drinking clean snow water for a long time can prolong life. This is one of the "secrets" of those who have lived in the deep mountains and forests for a long time.

Why does snow have such strange functions? Because snow water contains less heavy water than ordinary water 1/4. Heavy water will seriously inhibit the life process of living things. After testing, fish will die quickly in water containing 30-50% heavy water. The most basic condition for the formation of rain and snow is the existence of "condensation nuclei" in the atmosphere, and solid impurities such as dust, coal particles and minerals in the atmosphere are the most ideal condensation nuclei. If meteorological factors such as water vapor and temperature in the air reach certain conditions, water vapor will condense into snowflakes around these condensation nuclei. Therefore, snowflakes can clean a lot of pollutants in the air. So every time after the heavy snow, the air is particularly fresh.

According to the measurement, the density of new snow is generally 0.05-0. 10g per cubic centimeter. Therefore, the reflectivity of ground snow to sound waves is extremely low, which can absorb a lot of sound waves and help reduce noise.

Thermal insulation function of snow

Snow is like a wonderful carpet, covering the earth, so that the temperature of the ground will not drop too low because of the cold in winter. This heat preservation effect of snow is inseparable from its own characteristics.

The first heavy snow in winter, the first heavy rain in winter (Hebei)

The first snow in winter is light, and the first snow in winter is heavy (black)

The first snow in winter, snowflake, snowflake (Kyrgyzstan)

The first snow covers the tile, and the age is not false (E)

The first snow covers the ground, and one grain harvests two grains (Hubei)

It will snow for one hundred days (expensive)

It rained 120 after the first snow (Liao)

There was a rainstorm120th day after the last snow (Fujian).

Blizzard, 120 (middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River)

Blizzard (Zhejiang)

Chun Xue has it every year, and Laxue was born every other year.

Cold and warm autumn rain (Ning).