In fact, the modern university system is a realistic problem under the historical background of China's social transformation, which has rich connotation of the times. The problems of modern university system construction are highlighted under the background of three social transformations in contemporary China, namely, the transformation from planned economy system to market economy system, from centralized management system to decentralized management system, and from administrative operation of universities to de-administrative operation. The modern university system to be established is one that can adapt to these three major changes.
The General Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China recently issued the Notice on Launching the National Education System Reform Pilot, and a number of education reform projects with clear reform objectives and specific policies and measures completed the filing procedures, marking the comprehensive start of the national education system reform pilot. The "Notice" clarifies the ten major tasks of the special reform pilot. These include the establishment of a modern university system. (65438+6 February Jinghua Times)
The exploration of modern university system has been put on the agenda again, so it is a problem to explore a suitable model for establishing China's modern university system. The Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Education Development Reform and Development Plan (2010-2020) clearly puts forward that "exploring the development law of higher education in China and developing a new model of higher education with China characteristics." This undoubtedly puts forward a planning direction for the development of higher education in China, and the national education system reform pilot is the concrete implementation of the planning outline, and the modern university system has been put in a higher position, which has once again attracted the attention of the media.
The so-called modern university system, its connotation and extension, and its operation under the national conditions of China are all in doubt. Especially in the period after the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC). From the source, the modern university system was born in medieval missionary schools. The modern university in China should be said to be the National Tsinghua University founded in 1928. The modern university system has two cores, namely, university autonomy and professor governance. From the founding of National Tsinghua University to the founding of New China, China has been exploring its own construction mode. In fact, state universities, private universities and missionary universities have coexisted in China. What's more worth mentioning is the National Southwest Associated University, which has not existed for a long time, but it has special specimen significance. Judging from this tradition, it is not difficult to see that China's university education still has a tradition, and it also has its own exploration of the core of the modern university system, and has made many achievements.
Under the current situation in our country, the universities in our country implement the principal responsibility system under the leadership of the party Committee. This is stipulated in the Higher Education Law and must be strictly implemented, which is why both public education and private education in China need to establish their own party branches or party committees. This situation is called "running a school according to law" and has not fundamentally changed. Because only in this way can we guarantee the sovereignty of higher education in China and the socialist direction of higher education development in China. Then, the first step to explore the modern university system is to explore on such a legal basis, and adhering to the party's leadership is still the primary issue, which is beyond doubt. In other words, exploring the modern university system in China can only be carried out within the framework of law. If it is divorced from the legal framework, it will become a passive water-based tree and a meaningless exploration behavior.
Under the current situation in China, the construction of modern university system will fundamentally call for the university governance mode of "separation of three powers". The so-called "separation of powers" refers to the separation and checks and balances of political, administrative and academic powers. Handle the relationship between universities and external and internal governance. "Separation of powers" means that the construction of political party organizations and the implementation of the party's policies are a line, and the implementation of government administrative regulations is a line. Academically, it needs independence, and politics and administration should interfere with its freedom as little as possible. Of course, this "separation of powers" is not completely independent, nor is it a piece of management, but there is a center, and this center is academic. That is to say, administration and politics should serve academics, which is the principle of "professorship and academic independence" in the construction of modern university system.
At present, many reforms in China are against the principles of modern university system, such as judging the graduation weight of master's and doctoral students by the number of papers published. This in itself is a wrong positioning, because according to Yang, chairman of unnc, many Nobel Prize winners have never published articles. Then, these winners themselves are a kind of irony, indicating that there is something wrong with our assessment system. Such an examination system is far from the academic freedom required by the modern university system. Academic freedom cannot be measured by papers that are forced out. Therefore, relying only on the number of papers is a wrong orientation, which directly leads to the impetuous and deterioration of academic atmosphere in colleges and universities in China. Plagiarism becomes a rule.
In fact, universities basically need three elements, one is "material resources", the other is "human resources" and the third is "cultural connotation". If China University follows such rules, we will hopefully see the emergence of modern university system in China. "Material resources" have always been in demand in the university construction of China University, that is, the architectural movement that any university in China is keen on. There is no doubt that the hardware facilities of universities in China should also rank very high among universities in the world. But what is lacking is the lack of the latter two. "Human resources" includes high-quality students, high-level professors and professional administrators. "Cultural connotation" was put forward by Cai Yuanpei as early as the Republic of China, that is, "freedom of thought and inclusiveness". Whether a big one has cultural connotation depends on its inclusiveness and inclusiveness. For example, can you tolerate eccentric professors and eccentric students? Professor Nash, who won the Nobel Prize in Economics, was once mentally ill, but he was admitted to Princeton University. Stephen Hawking is still working at Trinity College, Cambridge, with only a few fingers moving. This is the essence of the real modern university system.
The establishment of a modern university system must be gradual. According to the principles of "university autonomy" and "professor running the school", it requires "separation of three powers". However, it should be carried out within the scope of laws and regulations, and several universities should be piloted. Now there are many new schools in China, such as Sino-foreign cooperative education represented by unnc, such as South University of Science and Technology. These are new things and need the active support of national policies. In fact, this experiment of educational system reform is such an action, which may set off a wave in the field of higher education in China. I hope this wave can be used for reference in the construction of modern university system.