Securities are the general name of all kinds of economic rights and interests certificates, and also refer to specialized products, which are legal certificates used to prove that the holder enjoys certain rights and interests.
Securities mainly include capital security, currency securities and commodity securities. In a narrow sense, securities mainly refer to securities products in the securities market, including property market products such as stocks, debt market products such as bonds, and derivative market products such as stock futures, options and interest rate futures.
In February, 20021,Supplementary Provisions (VII) of the Supreme People's Procuratorate and the Supreme People's Court on the Determination of Crimes in the Criminal Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) stipulated the crime of fraudulently issuing securities (the crime of fraudulently issuing stocks and bonds was abolished).
1603, under the leadership of * * * and the Speaker of the National Assembly, Oden Barnvelt, the Dutch and East India Company was established. Just as they created an unprecedented country, now they have created an unprecedented economic era.
WIM· Vandendel, Professor of History at Leiden University in the Netherlands: Yes, you can say that. This is the first joint-stock company. In order to raise funds, they issue stocks, but not in the modern sense. People come to the company's office and write down the money they lent in their notebooks. The company promises to pay dividends to these stocks. This is how the Dutch East India Company raised funds.
Lodwick Wagenaar, curator of Amsterdam Museum of History, Netherlands:
They collected 6.5 million yuan, which is almost equivalent to 3 million euros. At that time, the money was worth billions, and they set up a company with it.
By financing the whole society, the East India Company successfully transformed its scattered wealth into its own capital for external expansion. Even the maid of the mayor of Amsterdam became one of the shareholders of the East India Company.