Judging from the overall supply and demand of labor force in the whole society, in 2006, the supply of labor force exceeded demand, with a gap of140,000, an increase of10,000 over 2005. In recent years, China's colleges and universities have been expanding the enrollment scale, and the number of college graduates each year seems to be too much compared with the number of college students required by enterprises and governments at all levels, that is, the supply of college graduates exceeds demand and there is a relative surplus. From the perspective of economic theory, in the employment market of college graduates, college students are the supply side of labor, and employers are the demand side. As far as demand is concerned, it is mainly various enterprises and government departments at all levels. As an enterprise, whether it is a state-owned enterprise, a private enterprise or a foreign-funded enterprise, it will decide the number of college graduates it needs to recruit according to its own cost, benefit and enterprise development. As a government department, when recruiting civil servants, we should also consider the specific needs of different positions to recruit college students with related majors according to the personnel structure and work needs of various functional departments. Both enterprises and governments, as rational "economic men", should consider the quantity and quality of employing people from their own interests. According to economic theory, when supply exceeds demand, suppliers will lower their own prices, which will correspondingly lead to an increase in demand. Finally, when the supply price is equal to the demand price, the balance between supply and demand will be achieved. This is from the perspective of economic theory. Then, when college graduates as suppliers lower their salary expectations, will enterprises or governments expand the demand for college graduates according to the demand theorem? Obviously, this is not the case. There is a relative imbalance in the analysis of supply and demand of college graduates by factor market.

2. "employment paradox"

At present, there is an employment paradox in the employment of college students in China. The first is the regional structural contradiction in employment. On the one hand, large and medium-sized cities, large institutions, large companies and coastal areas with relatively developed economies have become the preferred working areas for college students, with good working environment and high income, and occupations and enterprises with social status have become their preferred ideal occupations, which has led to increased employment pressure in these areas and industries, resulting in oversupply, excessive competition and excessive concentration of talents. On the other hand, college students are indifferent to remote areas and grass-roots units in the west, and are unwilling to choose jobs with poor working environment and low pay. Although a large number of college graduates are needed in remote areas and grass-roots work in the west, they would rather be unemployed than choose these areas and posts for employment, which leads to the shortage of talents in these areas and industries, the difficulty in attracting graduates, and the shortage of talents, lack of competition and excessive scarcity.

The second is the structural contradiction between disciplines and majors in colleges and universities. Many colleges and universities blindly emphasize the integration of training talents with the market, and offer whatever majors the market needs. However, the shortage of professionals this year does not mean that it will remain the same after three or four years. By graduation, the job market will be overcrowded. From this point of view, the fluctuation of graduate employment market in recent years is directly related to the change of major in popular majors. This is a problem that many graduates of popular majors can't find suitable jobs. Obviously, the employment paradox is still a structural contradiction.

3. Microstructure problem

If life is regarded as a business, then every student is an economic individual. As individuals of economic organizations, life management must also consider three basic issues, namely, what to operate, where to operate and how to operate. That is to say, in universities and even high schools, we should seek and explore careers, design careers and plan our lives. Know your life goals, professional values, interests, abilities and personality characteristics, and you will know what to do; Understand the occupation and occupation environment, know where to operate, and determine your own career goals and development direction; By constantly revising and upgrading career goals, a basic model of how to manage life can be formed. Colleges and universities have the obligation to make each student's individual goals coincide with the goals of enterprises and society, so that each individual's resources can be fully, reasonably and effectively allocated and utilized, and the interests of individuals, enterprises and society can be maximized, so as to obtain more employment opportunities and success opportunities, and gain more sense of accomplishment and happiness in life. China's traditional education system and mode, this idea and train of thought is missing. Even in universities, employment guidance mostly stays in the "seasonal fast food" type. When many college students graduate, they don't know their life goals, values, professional interests and abilities, as well as their personality characteristics, and they don't know the professional environment such as markets and enterprises. The decisions they make when choosing a career are often confused, confused and sometimes even helpless. This is actually a question of microstructure.

4. Cost-effectiveness issues

Both employers and college graduates have cost-benefit problems. Employers consider the cost of employing people. For employees with high education and work experience who can be recruited for the same position, they have no reason to recruit employees with low education and no work experience. The goal of the enterprise is very clear, and the recruited employees can be used by the enterprise immediately, and they can create profits for the enterprise without paying more training fees and labor costs. University graduates should also consider the issues of input and output. During their college years, their families and themselves invested a lot of financial, material and human resources, and paid a higher cost than those who could not go to college. This makes them need to get a job with higher income and better pay when choosing a job. However, in fact, according to the recent sampling survey by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security, the salaries of undergraduate graduates are similar to those of migrant workers, which is due to the outstanding "no difference characteristics" in college students' human capital. At the same time, due to the current development stage and changes in industrial structure in China, many jobs only need skilled labor. The proportion of input and output of college graduates is unbalanced, and there is a big gap between personal will and reality, so there is a phenomenon that they can't find a better job.