A 3000-word paper on college students' frustration psychology: cognitive adjustment of college students' frustration psychology
Abstract: It is an important task of mental health education in colleges and universities to strengthen college students' ability to resist setbacks and prevent their psychological problems and obstacles. There are many ways for college students to adjust their frustration psychology, such as establishing a correct view of frustration, reasonable attribution, adjusting goals, using mature defense mechanisms and positive self-suggestion.
Keywords: adjustment of college students' psychological cognitive frustration
In real life, difficulties are everywhere and setbacks are inevitable. College students who are in an increasingly competitive and fast-paced environment encounter unexpected setbacks. Whether we can treat setbacks correctly directly affects a person's quality of life and happiness index, and affects a person's mental health. Many studies show that many people's mental disorders and mental illness are closely related to their understanding of frustration. Therefore, it is very important to enhance the adjustment ability of college students' frustration psychology.
College students' frustration psychology refers to the psychological imbalance when college students encounter difficulties or obstacles in their study and life, and their needs and motives are not satisfied. Many surveys show that when students face setbacks, they mainly rely on their own strength to solve them. Fu Hongyuan of Changsha Jiaotong University found that among the freshmen, sophomores, juniors and seniors, 49.4%, 665, 438+0.3%, 74.7% and 73.65, 438+0% respectively suffered setbacks independently. Wang Xiaogang of Hangzhou Business College found that 80.7% of college students mainly rely on their own strength to overcome setbacks. It can be seen that when college students encounter difficulties, they choose to solve problems independently for the first time. Fu Hongyuan's survey results also show that with the increase of grades, more and more college students choose to solve problems by themselves when encountering setbacks. It can be seen that it is of great significance for college students to learn to adjust themselves when encountering setbacks.
Self-regulation of frustration psychology means that college students intervene in their psychological troubles according to their own knowledge and experience, so that bad emotions can be freed. It is mainly carried out by exerting one's internal strength. The methods of college students' self-regulation mainly include cognitive change, emotional venting, behavior correction and character building. Among them, cognitive change is the most important adjustment method. Because the root cause of people's psychological problems is caused by wrong cognition, if cognitive problems are solved, emotional and emotional problems will be solved. Therefore, this paper focuses on the self-regulation of frustration cognition.
First, establish a correct concept of frustration.
First of all, setbacks are common. Frustration is ubiquitous, an indispensable part of people's lives, and it can happen anytime and anywhere. So-called? Get what you want? All the best? It's just a wish and blessing of people. In real life, nine times out of ten people can't reach their goals and meet their needs. Therefore, college students should be fully prepared for setbacks, and every time they do something, they should think of two possibilities: success and failure. With psychological preparation, you won't panic when setbacks come.
Secondly, setbacks are twofold. Setbacks are not useless. It can not only make people depressed, but also temper their will, enhance their adaptability and improve their fighting spirit. It brings people pain and makes them forge ahead. Countless facts show that a person who experiences some setbacks, especially in the early life, can promote people to mature faster. Zhong Xiangyang said: Frustration is a gift from God. If we don't understand something, God will arrange setbacks to sharpen us. Once is not enough, we will continue to create new setbacks until we realize this. ? If college students can realize the duality of setbacks, remind themselves when they encounter setbacks? Is this a gift from God and a stepping stone to success? , can greatly reduce frustration. There is a saying in the Bible:? Walk step by step, live day by day, and don't be sad when you are persecuted or encounter difficulties. This is Jesus looking at me. ? If college students are not sad or discouraged when they encounter setbacks, they can also think that this is a test of their own life. Spiritual victory method? Although it can't change the frustration situation, it changes the frustration cognition, thus changing the frustration experience. Life will suffer all kinds of trauma when it is alive. After crying and laughing, life will continue, and there will still be bumps on the road in the future. When we look at life and problems again, our thoughts will definitely be different from the past. This is the positive significance of setbacks to life. From a historical point of view, the more successful people are, the more setbacks and failures they experience. The so-called strong is to overcome more pain than ordinary people and become strong, which has been proved by countless facts. Therefore, a correct view of setbacks itself can alleviate setbacks.
Second, don't stare at setbacks.
Morita Shoma, a Japanese psychologist, believes that emotions and emotions have their own laws of activity: the process of emotions and emotions generally forms a mountain curve, which rises and falls and eventually disappears; When the stimulus continues to exist and concentrate, it will gradually strengthen. The first rule is that people's emotional experience is very strong at the beginning of frustration, and after reaching the peak, the negative emotional experience will gradually weaken over time until it disappears. The second rule is that if the frustration situation persists, people's attention is focused on the frustration stimulus, and the frustration experience will not weaken and disappear with the passage of time, but will strengthen. So, don't stare at setbacks, you can adjust your goals and do something else, or you can change your environment to divert your attention. The law is irresistible. As time goes on, the negative emotional experience brought by setbacks will gradually weaken until it disappears. However, if you persist in setbacks, the experience of setbacks will be strengthened and will not disappear for a long time. At this time, people will be devastated, unable to extricate themselves from the negative emotional experience of pessimism and depression, and unable to take reasonable actions to deal with setbacks. Therefore, when encountering setbacks, we should learn to adjust our goals or divert our attention, so that negative emotions will naturally disappear; Don't focus on setbacks, and don't strengthen the experience of setbacks.
Third, reasonable attribution
Setbacks are both objective and subjective. The impact of frustration on people depends largely on the individual's evaluation and attribution of it. The size of frustration has an important relationship with personal attribution style.
Attribution means that people explain the reasons for certain phenomena. Attribution mode is also called. Attribution style? 、? How to explain it? Refers to the tendency of individuals to make causal reasoning about different events or behaviors in a similar way. Is a personal understanding of setbacks, but also directly affects people's setbacks. Ellis, the founder of rational emotional therapy, believes that whether the frustration situation (a) can cause individual frustration (c) depends on the individual's cognition and evaluation of the frustration situation (b), that is, the individual's attribution style. The main point of this theory is that bad mood or behavior is not caused by the externally induced event itself, but by the individual's cognitive evaluation of the event. This is Alice's ABC theory. For example, different people have different attitudes towards lovelorn. Some people resent each other for being heartless; Some people resent their incompetence; Although some people are suffering, they can understand each other and accept the reality; Some people turn grief into strength, cheer up more, devote themselves to their work, and then make some achievements. So people are not troubled by things themselves, but by their views on things. In this sense, setbacks are both objective and subjective. According to this view, if individuals can actively and reasonably attribute the frustration situation, even in the face of serious frustration situation, they will not have too strong frustration. On the contrary, if the individual's attribution style is negative, even if the frustration situation is not serious, or there is no frustration situation at all, there may be a strong sense of frustration. Therefore, college students should actively and reasonably attribute setbacks and maintain a good mood.
Fourth, adjust the target appropriately.
Without an aim in life, behavior will lose motivation. College students have their own ideals and pursuits, thus determining their own direction of efforts. In general, when the goal is achieved, you will feel satisfied and have a sense of accomplishment; If you can't achieve your goal, you will feel anxious and depressed. If college students' self-evaluation and ambition are too high and set an unrealistic goal for themselves, they will be frustrated even if they work hard. Therefore, after college students are frustrated, they should learn to adjust their life goals to see if they meet the subjective and objective conditions. If the goal is set too high, it should be lowered appropriately to avoid further setbacks. Otherwise, if we persist, it will only be setbacks again and again, and it may be formed? Learned helplessness? And self-defeating personality. Therefore, college students should not set unattainable goals for themselves, but should maintain reasonable expectations, so as to continuously enhance their sense of self-efficacy and maintain a healthy psychology.
In addition, college students should also realize that not everyone's ideals can be realized. Everyone pursues self-realization, which is endless. Allport, an American psychologist, thinks that people are? Looking forward to it? , never ending. The small goals that healthy people long for can be achieved, but the overall goals cannot be achieved. Only in this way can people have a healthy mentality. He said:? The gospel will only come to such people, constantly inspiring themselves to pursue goals that cannot be fully realized in the end. ? To this end, he explained that if we fully achieve our goals, we will no longer have the motivation to guide our lives and integrate and unify our personalities. Therefore, the world is developing, and everyone can only achieve limited goals in a limited life. This is the same as everyone's pursuit of longevity. Life has its limits. Recognizing this, we can remain optimistic when the ultimate goal cannot be achieved.
Fifth, use mature psychological defense mechanism.
When individuals suffer setbacks, they will have psychological pressure and experience tension, anxiety and unpleasant emotions. At this time, frustrated people often consciously or unconsciously look for some strategies and methods to explain and deal with them in a more acceptable way, so as to maintain inner peace. This is the self-defense mechanism.
Self-defense mechanism is a common psychological phenomenon, which can be seen in anyone's psychological activities. When each of us encounters setbacks and anxiety, we will unconsciously mobilize the self-defense mechanism. Proper use of defense mechanism can relieve tension, but if it is used improperly or excessively, it will affect the individual's adaptation to the surrounding environment and become a pathological manifestation. There are many kinds of defense mechanisms, among which there is a significant positive correlation between mature defense mechanisms and success in all aspects of real life. People with mature defense mechanisms do a good job in work, love and friendship. No one needs psychotherapy, and no one has ever suffered from mental illness. More than half of people with immature defense mechanisms have mental illness. Therefore, when college students encounter setbacks, they should consciously use active and mature defense mechanisms. Active and mature psychological defense mainly includes the following aspects:
1. compensation. When a goal is frustrated, it refers to meeting the demand or changing the original goal by other means and replacing it with other goals. So-called? Isn't the east bright and the west bright? . For example, ordinary people who are difficult to excel can study hard and excel in their studies. Compensation plays a positive role in alleviating the sense of loss after frustration and preventing excessive psychological pressure.
2. sublimation. This is a positive protection strategy. It means that after being frustrated, the individual does not immerse himself in the pain of frustration, but turns the pain into a constructive motivation and puts his emotions and energy into activities that are beneficial to society and others. For example, if you are frustrated in love, you will turn to study hard and actively participate in social activities to make up for it. ? Sublimation? Quoting a term in Freud's psychoanalysis theory means that after being frustrated, individuals will transfer their emotions and energy to beneficial activities, thus guiding the bad emotions and motives that are not allowed by society to a higher level, so as to maintain emotional stability and psychological balance. Some people say that misfortune is the best university. When an individual is frustrated, it is not only a challenge to personality, but also an inspiration to human potential. Adversity can make talents better. This is sublimation.
3. Identify yourself. Identity refers to comparing yourself to a successful person in reality or fantasy when one's wishes can't be met in real life, and putting the enviable qualities of others on one's head, so as to improve one's confidence and reduce one's frustration.
Most of the objects identified are idols worshipped by frustrated people, whose excellent qualities and successful experiences are exactly what he envies, so they are often manifested in imitating the words and deeds of idols and learning from them? Walking with saints? Reduce the feeling of frustration.
The survey found that college students often regard some historical celebrities, academic authorities and hero models as their identification objects, and seek their own motivation to overcome setbacks from their own life experiences. This appraisal is worth popularizing.
In addition, when you encounter setbacks and feel intense pain and anxiety, you can also take some compromise defense mechanisms, such as sour grape psychology and sweet lemon psychology. That is, give up what you can't get in your heart, say it's not worth pursuing, and praise those with vested interests. Although this defense mechanism is a bit self-deceiving, it still plays a certain role in relieving anxiety and temporarily getting out of frustration situations. As long as it is not overused, it will contribute to mental health, so it can also be used as a self-maintenance strategy.
Six, positive self-suggestion
Hint has a wonderful effect on people's psychology and behavior. ? Looking at plums to quench your thirst? 、? Every grass and tree is a soldier? 、? Cup bow snake shadow? It is a portrayal of negative hints. ? Rosenthal effect? It can be seen that the role of positive suggestion.
In real life, many college students have negative self-suggestion. For example, some students have made a lot of preparations for the exam, but they always feel that they have not reviewed enough before the exam and are worried that they will not do well in the exam. Results I was very nervous and anxious every time, which affected the normal performance of the exam. Some students feel that speaking eloquence in public is not good and they are very nervous. The more nervous they are, the worse the situation will be. These self-fulfilling prophecies are called. Self-defeating? . Such people often fail because of self-obstruction in the process of pursuing their goals. The formation of self-frustration is due to the experience of failure in life, which makes individuals feel bad. A series of failures make individuals have negative thoughts, become habits, and finally form a self-defeating character. Therefore, the best way to eliminate self-frustration is to change the individual's cognition, first of all, to establish conceptual self-confidence and give yourself positive self-suggestion.
Positive self-suggestion has been widely used in psychological training. The self-rescue effect of this method is obvious. Self-suggestion can be done silently, said aloud or written on paper. As long as you practice affirmation for ten minutes every day, you can improve your unreasonable thinking habits and form a positive self-image. If you give positive hints regularly, you can create positive reality. Therefore, no matter what kind of resistance you encounter, you must adhere to a confident mental state and strengthen your faith. I can do it, and I can do what others can do. ?
Positive hints can be combined with some positive music, such as? It's useless not to believe in yourself? 、? Flying dreams? 、? Fly higher? By analogy, the effect is better. Music can regulate the activity of human nervous system, eliminate fatigue, relieve tension, enhance memory and cultivate self-confidence. Therefore, after suffering setbacks, college students can consciously hint at their positive views to change their depressed emotional state.
[Fund Project: Henan Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project? Investigation on the psychological ability of college students in Henan Province to resist setbacks and its countermeasures? (20 10BY00 1) phased results. ]
refer to
1 .fu Hongyuan. Investigation and analysis of college students' frustration tolerance [J]. Research on higher education of mechanical industry, 1999(2)
2. Wang Xiaogang. Effectively improve the ability of college students to resist setbacks to a new level [J]. Contemporary Youth Studies, 1998(2)
3. Zhong Xiangyang. College students' frustration management and consultation [M]. Beijing: Beijing Normal University Press, 20 10.
4. Editor-in-chief Li Baizhen. Adolescent mental health and psychological counseling [M]. Beijing: Beijing Normal University Press, 1998
5. Editor-in-chief Li Baizhen. Adolescent mental health and psychological counseling [M]. Beijing: Beijing Normal University Press, 1997
6. Che Wenbo Zhang Xudong. College students' frustration coping and mental health [M]. Beijing Science Press 2005.
(Author: School of Education Science, anyang normal University, Anyang, Henan 455002)
A 3000-word paper on college students' frustration psychology. The second part is about college students' psychological frustration and its countermeasures.
This paper analyzes the types and causes of college students' psychological frustration from the perspective of personality self-realization theory of humanistic psychology, and puts forward some positive countermeasures.
Keywords: frustration needs humanistic spirit
The road of life can't be smooth sailing. A rich life means the joy of success, but also the pain of frustration and failure. People are used to measuring a person's life value by success, and often evaluate a person's psychological quality and mental health level by his psychological response to setbacks and his ability to cope with setbacks. In the new century, how to strengthen college students' tolerance to setbacks, keep up with the pace of the times and adapt to the requirements of the times has become the focus of college educators and many students.
First, frustration education is a compulsory course for contemporary college students.
Today, with the complicated international situation, the rapid development of science and technology and the rapid development of domestic economy, no one can accurately predict the future, but must meet one challenge after another. Young college students are blessed today, and tomorrow will be the pillars of the country. Every college student is ambitious, striving for survival in competition and development in cooperation. In a person's growth process, success and failure coexist. It depends on whether college students have the psychological quality to accept setbacks. Therefore, it is very necessary to prepare college students for setbacks and failures in their future study, work and life.
Second, the types and causes of college students' frustration
Frustration, from the psychological point of view, refers to the negative reaction that individuals encounter insurmountable obstacles or interference in purposeful activities, and their needs and motives are not satisfied.
According to Maslow's humanistic psychology theory, the internal strength of individual growth and development is the driving force. Motivation is composed of many different needs, which need different levels. Every level of needs and satisfaction will determine the realm or degree of individual personality development. College students are no exception. In order to survive and develop, they have all kinds of material and spiritual needs, thus generating all kinds of motives to meet their needs. From this perspective, college students generally have the following types of setbacks.
1. Lack of frustration.
It mainly refers to the frustration that contemporary college students experience when they can't have their own important things. Most of these students are frustrated by the lack of material living conditions, ability, experience and emotion.
(1) Family economic difficulties lead to inferiority complex.
Starting from 1995, colleges and universities are comprehensive? Merge? The proportion of poor college students is increasing, and the proportion of poor college students is between 10%-25%. Some people are anxious day and night because of lack of clothes and food, and some people are ashamed because they are not dressed as well as others.
(2) Inferiority caused by physical defects or physical disabilities.
Some girls worry about being fat and black, while boys worry about being thin and short. Some students with physical disabilities are silent and unhappy, unwilling to associate with others and participate in group activities. Being depressed for such a long time has further aggravated the inferiority complex, forming an inferiority complex and abnormal mentality.
(3) Loss psychology caused by lack of emotion
Children who have been spoiled, spoiled and overprotected since childhood can't stand the stimulation of suppressing personal demands and wishes after entering the university. In families with single parents or parents at odds, because of family reasons, students are depressed emotionally and mentally from an early age, which leads to strong psychological defense ability and emotional shortcomings.
2. Loss of frustration.
Mainly refers to the frustration caused by the loss of the original things, mainly including the serious frustration brought to college students by the loss of love and the death of relatives.
(1) The writer Goethe once said: Which girl is not in love, which boy is not in love. ? The age of college students is 18-22, so the communication between boys and girls is inevitable. Some students enjoy the sweetness of love, but they can't bear the pain of lovelorn. Once you break up with your lover, or you can't catch up with the right person, you will be lost in thought and prone to extreme behavior. If they can't face up to the reality, they will give up, be depressed and fall into a state of being unable to extricate themselves.
(2) Losing family members is also an important content that cannot be ignored. The original sweet family, due to the departure of relatives, has had a very heavy impact on the feelings of college students and the whole family. Students who were originally lively and extroverted may suddenly become introverted because they suddenly lost an important emotional communication object.
3. hinder setbacks.
This mainly refers to college students' psychological frustration caused by obstacles or obstacles between needs and goals. The most common ones are unsuccessful study, unsatisfactory work and frustrated employment.
(1) College students account for about 15% of their peers. They are the best of their peers, and most of them have a glorious past. Due to the inadaptability to college life and other reasons, many students with excellent academic performance in high school, and some even have the best scores in the college entrance examination in their classes, have failed in many courses. Some students have always been competitive, or too harsh on their grades, unable to bear their own small mistakes, immersed in regret and self-blame, afraid of repeating the same mistakes, so that they are too nervous about their future studies, thus carrying a heavy ideological burden.
(2) The most striking difference between college life and middle school life is that college life emphasizes college students' self-management. Therefore, a considerable number of college students undertake some management work at school. College students who undertake social work for the first time will make mistakes of one kind or another due to their lack of work experience and differences in personal abilities, which will affect their prestige among their classmates. This is undoubtedly a heavy blow to college students who are exploring working methods and have a strong desire to express themselves. Some students with poor psychological quality will also go their own way and give up on themselves.
(3) Every college student hopes to find a satisfactory job through several years of study. Due to the imperfection of the employment market and mechanism of college students in China and the unfairness caused by some human factors, there is a big gap between the ideal and reality of college students' employment, which leads some students to lose confidence in employment and produce anxiety and pessimism.
These setbacks of college students are all caused by their inability to meet certain needs. Need is the reaction of people's demand for objective things in their minds, and it is a psychological state that people experience when the objective demand acts on the subject, which is manifested as dependence on the objective in order to survive and develop. According to Maslow's needs theory, people have five levels of needs: physiology, safety, love and belonging, respect and self-realization. When college students encounter obstacles in the pursuit of these levels of needs, their motivation cannot be realized, forming a sense of frustration. At the same time, psychological research shows that the stronger the motivation, the greater the motivation to act, and the stronger the reaction when the goal is frustrated. The short stature, lovelorn love, unsmooth work and difficult employment of college students listed above are all due to the difficulties of reality, love and self-realization, leading to depression and serious mental illness.
Third, the educational countermeasures of college students' psychological frustration
1. Improve cognitive level and strengthen self-cultivation.
Psychological research shows that an important reason that affects people's behavioral differences is cognitive differences. People's understanding of objective things is formed through the refraction of the subjective world of the subject. Facing the same thing, due to the different cognitive levels of the subjects, various subjective impressions are formed. Therefore, the perception and judgment of the objective stimulus of frustration also varies from person to person. People who can correctly understand setbacks and objectively evaluate their own losses are often better able to grasp setbacks than those who have misjudged and misunderstood. It can be seen that frustration tolerance is not innate, but the result of acquired learning and exercise. College students should not only strengthen the study of scientific and cultural knowledge, but also improve their comprehensive quality, strengthen their cultural accomplishment, moral accomplishment and aesthetic accomplishment, and further strengthen their understanding of the objective world, so as to effectively deal with setbacks.
2. Adjust the level of ambition and set personal goals.
Ambition level refers to the standard set by a person for the goal he wants to achieve. Whether a person feels frustrated is related to his own success criteria. Setting a high standard means a high level of ambition, and vice versa. College students have their own goals, and the level of goals is very important to the appropriateness of their standards. If the target level is low, it is easy to achieve. In this way, college students will not only stimulate the enterprising spirit of further struggle, but also breed complacency. On the contrary, if the goal level is high, even if you do your best, you can't reach the goal you are pursuing, and you will feel frustrated. Therefore, college students should comprehensively confirm their target level according to their own actual situation, so that they can finally be feasible through their own efforts.
3. Exercise personal will and character, and enhance personal tolerance.
Strong will is the magic weapon to overcome all difficulties. Lack of strong will is often an obstacle to students' greatest success, so teachers should guide students to hone their will in overcoming difficulties and obstacles. People's will is always exercised and cultivated in practice. In the face of a complex and fiercely competitive society, college students must go through life training, such as participating in more volunteers, visiting the grassroots, being exposed to living examples that have experienced setbacks and hardships in real life, holding the pursuit and yearning for a better life, resolutely fighting against setbacks, and not flinching or being afraid in the face of difficulties. Therefore, we realize that the key to being a strong person is to keep an indomitable will in the face of difficulties and setbacks, so that we can fight against difficulties without hesitation, get up when we fall, never give up until we reach our goal, and exercise our ability to resist setbacks. Only in this way can college students face the difficulties and setbacks in their future lives and be brave enough to overcome them.
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