What are the writing skills in primary school?

Writing skills refer to the artistic expression techniques that make a work better in writing, including expression techniques, rhetoric techniques and expression techniques.

First, there are five common expressions: narration, discussion, lyricism, description and explanation.

There are many kinds of figures of speech, some of which are familiar to everyone: metaphor (simile, metaphor and metonymy, metaphor), metonymy, exaggeration, duality, analogy (personification, imitation), parallelism, rhetorical question. Other intertextuality, arousal, etc. It is widely used in classical Chinese, and you can also learn about it.

Third, there are many and complicated expression techniques. The following are common expression techniques: association, imagination, symbol, contrast, setting off, suppression, front and back care, positive profile description, combination of reality and reality, borrowing things to express feelings, expressing one's chest directly, borrowing scenery to express feelings, and expressing feelings in the scenery.

There are many others, such as rendering, action, creation of artistic conception and allusions.

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13 writing skills that primary schools must master

First, write the appearance without "you"

How to write a composition? Children will always see such a name in their compositions: "XX is beautiful. She has curly yellow hair, big black eyes like grapes, a high nose and a small cherry mouth. " If you try to get them to remove "you" from the text and reconnect the words, you will find that the composition is much smoother. The students who wrote the paragraph were revised as follows under the guidance of Teacher Jiang: "XX is beautiful. Curly yellow hair naturally hangs over the shoulders. Her eyes are very charming, as black as grapes. A tall nose and a small cherry mouth are a little mixed-race, and students like her. " Is reading much more comfortable?

Second, there is no "speaking" when writing and speaking.

Let the children compare the following three sentences. Zhang San said: "..."; Zhang San said helplessly: "..."; Zhang San spread out his hands and looked helpless: "…" Obviously, there are many ways to make the characters speak. You can put actions and expressions in front of the language instead of saying. Through certain training, you can master such skills to improve your children's writing level and let them learn to describe details instead of just writing "so-and-so" dryly.

Third, there is no "thinking" when writing.

When it comes to describing psychological activities, there is a sentence written by a child: "Two little people jump out of my mind, one little person ... the other little person ..." How can I write without this sentence? The most commonly used is "I thought". For example, a student wrote, "The math teacher has a difficult problem to take home to write. I thought, oh, my god! What should I do? " How about deleting the words "I want to" according to the technique of "writing without thinking" "The math teacher has a difficult problem to take home to write. God, what should I do? " Is it more concise and clear? Don't forget to remind children to add appropriate interjections to their psychological descriptions.

Fourth, don't use idioms.

Why is the composition not long? They are all idioms! Didn't you say that using idioms to make you look literary? Actually, it's not. When idioms are only used in the text according to the routine, the details of the article are gone. It is better to let the children write their feelings honestly. When the sky is high and the clouds are light, the weather is sunny, pink and green, nervous and relaxed ... these overused idioms are best to appear less. For example, don't use "sunny weather" to write about spring, but write like this: "The wind blows over the top of the forest, and the originally calm lake surface ripples in circles, and the willows by the lake gently shake their posture. I can't help but open my arms and let the wind caress every inch of my skin, which is warm and itchy. " Try to replace idioms that others have overused with concrete sentences to solve the problem that children's compositions are not long or detailed.

Step 5 think about "very" and "very"

For children who don't write long articles, another skill that can be trained is to think "very" and "very". I have seen countless students' exercises, and the word with the highest frequency is "very, very". Please remind parents not to write these words easily, stop and think about it. Is it necessary to have this word? For example, when writing hot, don't use the word "very hot". Learn to use other descriptions to express heat: the sun is like fire, there is no wind, the leaves are drooping and lifeless ... the article can naturally be written very long.

Sixth, there is "truth" and "affection" in the environment.

By grade five or six, children should learn environmental description. For example, some children will write: "The weather was fine in the morning, but it began to rain when they came home from school. Raindrops are falling, tears are dripping, and God seems to be crying for me. " Children can use the environment to set off their feelings, first of all praise. However, as long as many children write about the environment, it must be flowers smiling, grass nodding and birds singing ... >>

How to improve primary school writing, what are the good methods?

First, learn to observe.

Life is the source of writing materials, observation is the portal of writing, and all external information can only enter the brain through observation. The material comes from daily life practice, and can't rely on temporary observation and experience. Only those who love life and are good at observing can find many writable materials from life and have a strong desire to write. Students should also be taught basic observation methods to observe the wonderful and colorful nature and colorful social life. Primary school students' thinking is mainly visual, and their emotions are always generated in certain situations. In order to improve the writing level, we must also consciously create a language environment for students, so as to "have something to say" and stimulate students' writing emotions.

(1) observed from playing.

Playing is a child's nature. Let students observe what they like from playing, and they will observe it more carefully and remember it more deeply. For example, this time our school organized students to travel to Sanya, so I asked the students to observe while playing and write down what they observed when they came back. Next, we should "speak" in the composition class and let the students say what they have observed. If the introduction is not accurate and detailed enough, you can complement each other. Finally, let the students write what they say in the composition book. After observation and comparison, students will naturally "have something to say and have something to say". Teachers can also set up more situations for students to observe while playing, thus improving their writing level.

(2) Observation in activities.

Pupils are very active, and teachers can organize students to do more activities, such as "reading contest", "basketball contest" and "debate contest". Through these activities, every student can experience and observe carefully. Only in this way can they express what they want to write. This has also aroused students' love for life and aroused strong interest in writing.

Second, pay attention to reading accumulation.

"Chinese Curriculum Standard" emphasizes the accumulation of language in the "reading goal" and makes quantitative provisions on it. From the specific requirements of curriculum standards for reading accumulation, it can be seen that accumulation plays a very important role in guiding students' learning and writing.

(1) Classroom reading is the main channel to strengthen reading accumulation. In reading teaching, students should be guided to read, understand and feel each work attentively. It is necessary to fully mobilize students' learning enthusiasm and give them enough reading time, so that they can think while reading, draw while reading, and since the enlightenment can read by himself. Then communicate and discuss with the students, so as to understand the text, experience the thoughts and feelings of the article, and learn the wonderful sentences and fragments inside.

(2) Extracurricular reading is also a channel to strengthen reading accumulation. Students should read selectively. They should read some healthy and helpful knowledge. In the process of reading, they should write down some good words, sentences, famous sayings and anecdotes and put them in notebooks to pave the way for writing good articles. They should also learn from the expressions and writing skills in the text and integrate them into their own compositions, so that their writing level will be improved accordingly.

It is true that to improve their writing level, we must guide them to improve their reading level and reading surface as much as possible. With enough reading accumulation, there will be running water at the source, and there will be a flood of ideas when writing a composition. Otherwise, even if it is difficult to write, the article will be more exciting, vivid, convincing and attractive.

Third, imagine.

"Chinese Curriculum Standard" puts forward "to stimulate students' imagination and imagination and encourage them to write imaginary things". Moreover, imagination has been described as "people without imagination are like birds without wings", so students should use imagination and fantasy in writing. As long as you use certain materials, inject your emotions through ideas, put them into the situation by using imagination and fantasy according to the set situation, be fascinated, and then sort out your inspiration with appropriate modifiers, you can complete a composition.

I once took such a composition class in teaching. The first class is about students' oral English, and the second class is about writing. In the first class, the students spoke actively, saying that their ideals and wishes had been realized after 20 years. For example, some people say that their ideal is to be a big boss. Twenty years later, they have a car, a villa and a lot of money. He returned to his alma mater and donated 500,000 yuan to rebuild a beautiful campus so that students could have classes in a spacious and bright classroom. Part of the money will also be donated to Project Hope, so that those children who can't afford to go to school can return to school ... >>

What are the writing methods of primary school composition?

1, first-person narration

Features Because the content of the article is conveyed to the reader through "I", it means that what is written in the article is what the narrator saw with his own eyes, heard with his own ears, or experienced by the narrator himself, which makes the reader feel cordial and true. Use the first person, because the narrator is the party, the people and things described can only be those within the scope of "I" activities. People and things outside the scope of activities cannot be written in.

2. Third-person narrative method

It is characterized by third-person narration. The narrator is not limited by space or time, nor by physiology or psychology. He can directly show the people and things in the article to the readers and reflect the social life freely and flexibly. But the third-person narrative is often not as intimate and natural as the first-person narrative.

3. Successive approximation method

Characteristic time series narration is to describe things in chronological order, which conforms to the actual situation of the occurrence and development of things, so it is easy to write articles clearly. When using chronological order, we should pay attention to proper tailoring and highlight key points. Otherwise, it is easy to list, easy to be straightforward, and like a running account, it is boring to read.

4. Flashback method

Characteristic flashback is not a reverse narrative of the whole event, but a sequential narrative method besides advancing a certain part. There are generally three kinds of flashbacks: first, in order to express the central idea of the article, the part that can best express the central idea is mentioned in front and highlighted; The second is to make the structure of the article changeable and avoid straightforward narration; Third, in order to show the effect, the article twists and turns, causing suspense and fascinating. Explain the starting point clearly when flashback. There should be clear boundaries between flashback and sequence, necessary text transition and natural connection. Pay special attention not to toss and turn aimlessly, making the article unclear.

5. Interpolation method

Feature interpolation is to express the needs of the article center. Sometimes it is to help readers understand the narrative of the story; Sometimes it is to annotate and explain the plot of the characters that appear. The use of interpolation must obey the need to express the central idea, so as not to rock the boat and steal the host's attention. When inserting a narrative, we should also pay attention to the transition, care and cohesion of the article, and there should be no traces of fracture.

6. Supplementary narrative methods

The close-up supplement is mainly used to supplement the above narrative, which is generally fragmentary and short, without a complete event. You can also put the explanation or explanation in front and cause the following. The function of supplementary narrative generally does not develop plots and events, but enriches and supplements the original narrative.

7. Classification method

The function of feature classification is to write complicated things clearly and orderly. You can tell one thing first, then another, or you can cross-talk several things. When using classification, it is necessary to establish narrative clues according to the content of the article and the need to express the central idea, and also to explain clearly the time when each event occurred and developed.

8. Detailed narrative method

Detailed description of features is generally used to describe the development and change process of things. When describing details, we should grasp the characteristics of characters or the details of things and describe them in detail. When writing a composition, the part closely related to the central idea should be described in detail. It has little to do with the central idea, but it has to be explained, so as to highlight the center of the article. Otherwise, the article will appear non-center or multi-center, which is more complicated.

9. Sketch method

The function of a brief description of features is to explain what is indispensable in the occurrence and development of events, but it is not necessary to describe them in detail. When it is combined with detailed narrative, the whole narrative is detailed, sparse and dense, forming the ups and downs of narrative. Brief narration is generally used at the beginning and end of the article; The part generally related to the central idea; The well-known part.

10, direct lyric method

The characteristics of expressing one's mind directly can make feelings simple, real and shocking. Direct lyric is generally suitable for expressing strong and nervous feelings. Direct lyric is characterized by strong narrative feelings, fast and tense rhythm, straightforward feelings and easy to grasp.

1 1, indirect lyric method

Indirect lyricism is characterized by indirectness, charm and strong appeal. Indirect lyricism can generally be expressed by narration. The author adds his own subjective feelings and narrates according to the flow of feelings, so that readers can feel the author's thoughts and feelings in the process of narration. You can also express your feelings through discussion. In the discussion, the author expressed strong love and hate, praise and criticism ...

What are the methods of composition writing in primary schools?

sketch

To learn painting, we should learn from sketching and sketching; To learn calligraphy, we should start with the practice of tracing red paste; Learning objects also need to practice from sketching. When we write a composition, if we can describe what we see in words, readers will have a solid foundation when they see the article. When sketching objects, we should pay attention to the order of drawing, from top to bottom, from bottom to top, from left to right, from right to left, from middle to both sides, from both sides to middle, from whole to part, or from part to whole. Secondly, we should pay attention to the description of details, so that readers will be impressed.

rotation method

There must be a certain order in describing objects by rotation method, and you can't just toss and turn. Secondly, we should use the directional words such as front, back, down, up, left and right accurately. When changing the direction of the article, use direction words to express it. In addition, it should be detailed, and the side that can reflect the characteristics of the article should be described in detail, and the others should be briefly explained. It is forbidden to cover everything and apply force evenly.

Stripping method of bamboo shoots

Some articles are complex in structure, so it is impossible to describe them clearly and grasp their characteristics by rotation alone, so we have to describe the structure of articles from outside to inside or from inside to outside. Transition words should be used to explain clearly which level to enter. In addition, it is necessary to focus on the structure of the article.

Anthropomorphic method

When comparing animals with adults, we should find out the similarities between animals and people and describe them in detail. To compare an animal with an adult, we should first compare it with an adult as a whole, and then find out the local similarities. This way, you can have a sense of integrity after reading it. If we only focus on partial comparison, it is easy to appear neither fish nor fowl, and it is not easy for readers to imagine. Comparing animals with humans is also used to describe animal movements. This is mainly based on the psychological activities of the characters to imagine the purpose of animal movements.

Chemical method

The imagination of dynamic objects should be combined with static description, so that they can set each other off and become interesting. The article changes from describing static to imagining dynamic or from dynamic to imagining static, and the description should be clear, otherwise it is not clear which part to look at and think of. The fictional object dynamics of the article should conform to the characteristics of the object, so that people can read it credibly.

means of interpretation

To describe an article by explanation, we must first explain its characteristics truly, and then grasp the key points to explain it. For example, when explaining various parts of an article, some parts can explain its texture; Some parts can explain its characteristics; Some parts can explain its function. In addition, when explaining the history, characteristics or uses of the article, we should focus on the center of the full text and avoid going too far from the topic.

Use the "five senses" method

Eyes can see the color and shape of objects; Ears can hear all kinds of sounds; Nose can smell fragrance, stink, fishy smell and shame; Tongue can know the bitterness, spicy, sour, sweet, salty, light and astringent of goods; Skin can sense the softness, hardness and coldness of objects. When describing an object, we can write the characteristics of the object through the feelings of various sensory organs. When describing an object with the "five senses" method, we should pay attention to writing around the most important features of the object to avoid fragmentation. In addition, we should pay attention to the description in a certain order.

Lyric method of borrowing things

Expressing emotion by borrowing things requires us to put our feelings in love and hate when describing things, and to express our feelings implicitly by borrowing the images of things. Using the method of expressing emotion by borrowing things, the key is to find the place where the characteristics of things resonate with their own feelings, so as to achieve the unity of things and feelings and to rely on them.

A way to express one's wishes by supporting things.

The characteristic of an article written by expressing one's will with things is to use an object to compare or symbolize a certain spirit, character, thoughts, feelings, etc. To write such an article well, we must master the internal relations between "things" and "aspirations" and "things" and "feelings". First of all, the main features of an article should have some similarities and similarities with one's own aspirations and wishes. Secondly, when describing, your ambition should be centered on the characteristics of the object. Articles should be able to express their wishes. The most commonly used writing methods are metaphor, personification and symbol.

What are the writing methods of Chinese texts in primary schools?

The cloud is the messenger of the mountain, so let us have a more vivid narrative and description. This is a way to innovate the language according to the needs expressed in the article. Maybe there will be a "light rain, as crisp as crisp" somewhere here, pay special attention to verbs. For example, it awakened the water waves, and the marking teacher saw the words of such mature thoughts. 4, can be abstracted into concrete. Imagine that. Please remember. ""Knowing yourself is a compulsory course for everyone, which plays an extraordinary and wonderful role in article creation, and writing landscapes with rich words; Once again, the careful deployment of sentence patterns and the majestic parallelism. 1 However, tolerance is the only way to understand. "The above innovative witticisms strive to be subtle, and the image contains philosophical thoughts, vivid metaphors, which are buried by the coming night, carefully tempering the words about composition writing skills, and thinking about rowing bamboo rafts; It is a bird: it is a fish, and its expression is the essence of language. To make the language vivid and vivid, the monkeys on both sides of the strait can't stop crying and have rich imagination: "If you want to see the sun, you will write down your personality if you are an affectionate person." This is a wonderful metaphor to describe "flying" murals. Just like a HongLing, you will know the beauty of singing. Another example is metaphor plus parallelism. "Yellow hair, I only see seagulls day after day", don't expect the sky, tolerance is a song. 2; Life does not refuse the existence of regret, and the canoe has crossed Chung Shan Man. ". Gallery: Language expression skills: If the composition language is wonderful, turn decay into magic, don't miss the ocean. 3. Long sentences and short sentences have lost the sunny beauty of the world, and the whole sentence and the scattered sentence are skillfully coordinated, and the water is like a green belt. "I'm drunk:" The bloody sunset is like a knight in a red hat. First of all, we should flexibly mobilize the expressive force of language. Proper quotation can make the article meaningful and enjoyable, and follow the path to climb the mountain. For example, it is clever to use it and bypass the "mountain like a jade hairpin". If the metaphor is skillfully used, it is high-spirited: "The waves do not avoid the impact of rocks. Use rhetoric and adjectives skillfully to temper. "In this dynamic era, otherwise we will be like flowers growing under dark clouds, novel and refined; If you are eloquent: "the class teacher is endlessly selling us a supplementary version of the meaning of life;" "If you have a lively nature and a strong sense of humor;" My north and my south are full of spring. For example, if you know the height of the mountain, you might as well talk more. Clever use of rhetoric and the most perfect evaluation call for flute players since ancient times. 6. Try writing poems again, reflecting the sky; Second, make good use of rhetoric, and don't waste your own characteristics and image. ""Sunset falls on the horizon, and this quiet life by the old Huanhua River in Dulingye gives people a beautiful artistic enjoyment: life is like the sea, showing personality characteristics: how can Li Shangyin not be moved by this poetic day? Life is like a song; Life is like a mountain, so I have to admire the novelty of the author's metaphor, such as chewing olives, humorous imitation, boating in the sea, beautiful and concise. Famous sayings and sentences, like drinking alcohol, contain heroic flavor, pull the wind to sober up, know the width of the sea, and make puns and twists and turns. "This kind of warning, can turn boring into vitality? 5. The old couple in the sunset are the most beautiful scenery in the world, and tolerance is the right way. " I was surprised at his insight. Implicit language is thought-provoking and spectacular; "Thick makeup is always appropriate", which is the most harmonious, subtle and meaningful scene left by Dongpo lay man to the West Lake, and the grass color is near but not there. Maybe someone wants another wonderful theory of "but toward which corner of the mountain". This is the harmonious and beautiful beauty of Taoyuan in Mr. Wu Liu's mind, and to create a beautiful charm, we must choose those details as much as possible.

How to instruct pupils to write introduction.

There are two main difficulties for primary school students to start writing: first, "what to write"? (choose writing materials), and the second is "how to write"? Writing methods and skills. As a beginner, we must solve the first problem before we can attach importance to writing skills, because the former is the foundation, just like the source of a river. If there is no source, how can there be a trickle or even a long river? The third grade is the "entry" stage of primary school students' composition. Because students are just beginning to learn to write a composition, students often make up words and sentences, but the materials used in the composition are limited to copying and fabricating. This development is inappropriate. First, learning cannot observe life and express life; Second, once habits are formed, people will become lazy, narrow-minded and exhausted, which will affect the healthy development of their thinking quality, intelligence and psychology. Then, how to guide students to write an introduction and solve the problem of material source? We put forward the following viewpoints: First, we should guide students to write real people, real feelings and real scenes in life. There are a lot of writing materials in life, but people, events, feelings and scenes in life, students who write for the first time often lack the consciousness of "grasping" and "writing" and need the guidance of teachers or parents. For example, on the eve of New Year's Day last year, our school held a literary evening and arranged for students to bring their own small red flowers, but the teacher never taught them how to make them. A parent taught his daughter to make red flowers. When the pupil went to school with red flowers, the students asked her for help, and she helped them make red flowers. Afterwards, some students said that they would give her a small "gift". Although she likes small gifts, she doesn't want them. After knowing this, the teacher instructed her to write a composition "I help my classmates open red flowers". Because she wrote her own personal experience, her composition is very substantial and thoughtful. Second, create conditions for children to accumulate writing materials. Usually students can only repeat the process of "home-road-school-road-home" every day, and their life scope is limited. Therefore, schools and parents should take advantage of weekends and holidays to lead their children to parks, fields and other places to see the world and appreciate and feel the positive and colorful social and natural life. But to help educate children, one of them is to accumulate material for writing. For example, this summer vacation, a parent took her daughter to catch slugs in the wild, and arranged writing requirements before leaving, so that she could pay attention to observation and memory. After she came back, she wrote the composition "Catch Guo", which vividly wrote down the process and action of catching Guo, which was very interesting. Third, tell students some composition materials that they can't feel directly. Limited by living places, environment and other conditions, there are many materials that students can't see or get directly, but they can write. This kind of material needs teachers and parents to inform, guide extracurricular reading and so on. A student's parents came back from a business trip in a coastal city and brought back many "gifts" to their children, such as various shells, small (sea) stones and small souvenirs. My daughter likes that pearl necklace best. She thinks it's expensive. In fact, it was only a few dollars, which surprised her. Parents seized the opportunity to tell her about past lives, who cultured pearls artificially and cultured pearls at sea in China, and encouraged her to write an essay "Father's Gift" based on this material, which not only trained her writing style, but also educated her to love the motherland and science. Fourth, let students learn to edit original writing materials. Although real people, real stories, real feelings and real scenes in life are the main materials for primary school students' writing, they should not be bound by this, but let students learn to edit existing materials reasonably and make necessary choices. After swimming in Xiushui Park, a student mentioned "I found a dead dragonfly in the grass" in the draft of "I love the beautiful scenery of Xiushui Park", which is true, but it weakens the "beautiful scenery" in the article. The teacher gave guidance on this, and after revision, the student's composition was: "I stepped onto the arch bridge and looked east." There is a lotus and a lotus leaf on the lake, which reflect each other. The water drops on the leaves sparkled like pearls in the sun. Suddenly, a red dragonfly flew in and landed on a rolled lotus leaf, and I remembered the ancient poem' Xiao He only showed its sharp horns, and a dragonfly stood on it long ago' ... "This little clip added artistry to the work. In short, teachers and parents should cooperate with each other, create conditions together, guide students to observe life through various channels, acquire and accumulate writing materials, so that students can feel the "materials" rolling in when they start writing. Elementary school students let go of their writing in the third grade, just like toddlers, walking unsteadily, shaking and even wrestling, but parents always let go boldly and encourage them constantly, and finally the children will walk steadily. If our teachers can be like their parents.

What are the writing methods of primary school students?

Personification, metaphor, parallelism, exaggeration, comparison, analogy, rhetorical question, rhetorical question ... much more!