First, the classification of school education and scientific research methods
The research method of educational science refers to the sum of the methods, means and tools used to achieve the research purpose in educational science research.
Educational research methods can be roughly divided into quantitative research and qualitative research:
1. Quantitative research methods
Measurement, evaluation, statistics and other types. Quantitative research methods such as educational measurement, educational evaluation, sampling survey, educational statistics, and educational experiments can all be applied to subject research.
2. Qualitative research methods
Narrative research, educational blogs, educational cases, classroom observation, action research, etc.
The above classification is relative. For example, classroom observation requires both qualitative observation and quantitative observation, often both.
Second, the introduction of educational narrative research methods:
Definition of educational narrative research
The so-called educational narrative method is the teacher's narrative of daily meaningful educational and teaching events. Through the description and analysis of these events, the research method of educational thoughts or educational ideas hidden behind these events and behaviors is revealed.
Teachers carry out educational narrative research in education and teaching practice, explain and guide their own educational behavior by learning relevant educational theories, and write educational stories constantly. Through such accumulation, teachers' personal educational and teaching ideas can be improved and their own styles can be formed, which is difficult to achieve by other educational and scientific research methods. Narrative research on teachers' educational stories provides theoretical guidance and practical examples for other teachers, and provides an effective platform for teachers to exchange knowledge and experience. Through narrative research, teachers can form the habit of recording educational stories and realize the life-oriented construction of educational research.
Second, the characteristics of educational narrative research
1 "speak with facts"
Educational narration is to explain some truth and express the author's point of view by narrating events. Educational narrative is not for narrative, not just to tell a moving story, but to unfold narrative or reveal a phenomenon, express an opinion or ask a question from a certain purpose. When the author tells a story or an event, some thoughts, attitudes or values of the author are often revealed between the lines.
2. Pay attention to the process of describing the event.
Educational narration takes the events in educational life as the narrative object. As a narrative of a thing, it is very important to make it clear. In narrative, we should not only describe the cause and process of things, but also describe the result of things. Therefore, plot is an indispensable part of educational narrative.
3. Educational narrative needs detailed description.
Educational narrative needs to truly and concretely reproduce the true face of educational life. Therefore, educational narrative should not only describe the process of events, but also describe all kinds of details of educational events. The narrative of the process is to explain the cause and effect of the event, and the narrative of the details is to increase the vividness and vividness of the story. Therefore, educational narrative should not only show the vivid scenes, expressions, gestures, language and actions of the main characters, but also describe their inner world. These details in the narrative can make readers feel immersive when reading, and can see vivid pictures from the story, thus leaving a clear impression.
4. Educational narration adopts induction.
Induction is a method to generalize the general meaning from concrete examples, and it is a logical method from special to general. As mentioned above, educational narrative is not simply telling a story, but explaining a truth or expressing some ideas through stories. But this kind of truth and concept is not hardwired, but permeated in the story and extracted from the content of the story. This process from concreteness to generalization, from storytelling to telling the truth is a method of induction. This is also a major feature of educational narrative.
Therefore, to carry out educational narrative, we must first have real events and factual materials, and then we can refine and summarize the facts. This feature of educational narrative requires us to analyze, reflect and explore the essence and inherent laws of education and teaching from the reality of education, from concrete facts, from a large number of practical experiences accumulated by ourselves and from a large number of educational facts observed by ourselves. This is a basic principle that educational narrative must follow.
Third, the basic methods of educational narrative research
1.
The object of educational narrative is all kinds of events in the process of education. To understand these events in detail, it is inseparable from observation.
The content of observation should focus on observing the development process of events, observing the language, behavior and expression of characters, and observing specific scenes and atmosphere.
The methods of observation include overall observation, detailed observation, continuous observation and scattered observation.
Four problems should be paid attention to in observation: to have observation consciousness; Attention to detail; Be targeted. Observe; We should combine observation with thinking.
interview
Interview is an activity that the narrator talks with people related to the event in order to further understand the specific situation of the event, and it is a way for the narrator to collect narrative materials.
The purpose of the interview is to get a deeper understanding of the incident and get more information about its occurrence and development.
The interview process includes setting interview questions, drafting an interview outline, choosing an interview place, conducting an interview and recording the conversation.
The interview method is mainly to ask questions. There are mainly targeted questions, enlightening questions and continuous questions.
Three questions should be paid attention to in the interview: first, we should find the right starting point for the conversation; The second is to create a relaxed conversation atmosphere; The third is mutual communication.
record
Records are written records of information obtained from observations and interviews. Recording is the basic means to collect and save information.
The contents of the record include: dialogue record, scene record, activity content record, event process record, character psychological activity record, relevant background information record, etc.
Requirements for records: objective, specific and complete.
4. Collect and organize information
Data collection is to collect scattered, messy and various forms of data purposefully, and organize and store them in an orderly manner according to certain procedures. For the narrator, to broaden the horizons of data collection, the richer the data collection, the better.
The classification of materials should be based on the nature, content or characteristics of materials in order to be applied in narrative.
The selection of materials is mainly based on the needs of narration, and attention should be paid to screening out real materials according to the theme of narration.
5. Inductive analysis
Inductive analysis is a process from concrete to general, from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge.
The inductive analysis of materials mainly includes the overall analysis of various materials, so as to extract the theme; Analyze the theme of each story, and then recombine the materials of these different themes into a complete event.
6. Education case writing
In the process of educational narration, various narrative materials are collected through observation, interview and recording, and then the narrative report is written. This narrative is also called an educational case. We believe that educational narrative is a way of educational research, and educational cases are a form of realization of educational narrative. It can also be said that the result of educational narrative is to form a certain form of educational case.
The educational cases formed by narratives clearly reflect the characteristics of narratives, with narrative events as the mainstay, story lines and lively language. Good educational cases are lively and interesting to read and can be fascinating; At the same time, the case records some typical events. By describing an educational event, telling people a truth, or revealing some problems, it can bring readers some enlightenment and feelings.
In addition, there are many forms of cases, and corresponding structural forms can be arranged according to the content and material characteristics of the event, such as recording the whole process of the event or recording the fragments of the event.
Form of case: From the perspective of narrative content, we divide cases into three forms: taking notes, taking lessons and taking activities.
The structure of the case: it mainly consists of three parts: case background, case process and reflection.
The writing process of educational cases: generally, it goes through the following steps: formulating the topic, determining the theme, selecting materials, determining the form and structure of the case, writing the first draft, and modifying the final draft.
Four operating points of narrative research method
1. Choose your favorite story.
2. Focus on recording stories.
3. Simply write down your own gains and thoughts.