The revival of the Ming Dynasty in Wanli period must be attributed to Zhang's reform. Zhang was a cabinet minister in the early years of Wanli, and was also a strict teacher for the young emperor who ascended the throne. "Ming History" commented that this man has the courage to take responsibility. A hero promises himself, but he is smart and unpredictable. That is to say, he is smart and smart-an essential quality for a generation of politicians. It was with his shrewdness and extraordinary intelligence that Zhang won the awe of the little emperor and the respect and support of the emperor's mother. After Xiao Wanli ascended the throne, with the fall of Gao Gong, Zhang, who was ambitious and in power, officially ascended to the highest position in the cabinet, because the young emperor could not lead the government. As the teacher of the emperor and the head of the civil service, he controlled the operation power of the imperial political center. In view of the shortcomings of empty treasury, loose politics and chaos in the late Ming Dynasty, he couldn't wait to start drastic reforms.
Simply put, Zhang's reform is to re-measure land economically, improve the serious situation of land annexation, promulgate whip law, merge taxes, and unify cashier, which is of great significance in the late Ming Dynasty, when the commodity economy was highly developed. Strictly check the political achievements of officials and create new words with new words; Militarily, Qi Jiguang and other outstanding generals were appointed to stabilize the frontier and vigorously train soldiers, which improved the fighting capacity of many Ming troops. We can see that this general diagnosis and treatment method is very effective. The ranks of officials have been updated, the bureaucratic system has been successfully upgraded, and the powerful CPU has driven the accumulation of money in the national treasury to grow in one function. The first thing the wealthy Ming Empire did when going out was to stand up straight and kick Xiao Wu, a neighbor who used to bully himself and often came to grab leftovers, back to his humble abode. The imperial affairs are clear again! Society is prosperous again! It is absolutely not too much to describe what Mr. Zhang has done. He turned a declining empire into a brand-new modern empire.
However, just as the records of adults were fighting in the front line of reform, something happened in his family. In the fifth year of Wanli, his father Zhang died.
Under the background of feudal traditional thought at that time, filial piety came first. If an official takes office and his parents die, he needs to go home to mourn for three years. This system has existed since the Han Dynasty and is called Ding You. According to the regulations, Zhang must also resign and go home to abide by the system. But can he walk? The great reform cause is in full swing. As commander-in-chief, once he goes home for three years, the country still doesn't know what it will be like, and the position of cabinet records that he has worked so hard for is likely to be lost, so it is impossible to distinguish between public and private! There is only one way to solve the problem, which is the antonym of Ding You-taking love.
As the name implies, taking love means that the central authorities want to deprive you of the feeling of going home and doing filial piety, and insist that you stay in the DPRK to handle affairs. During Xuande and Chenghua years, there was a precedent of derailment. Although the derailed officials are accused of being unfilial and shameless, they are at least feasible. With this in mind, Adult Zhang wrote a letter to Wanli. His attitude is ambiguous and he is in a dilemma. On the one hand, he said he would resign and go home, on the other hand, he was extremely worried about what you would do if I left. I don't know if it was arranged in advance when I mentioned Zhang's resignation. Immediately, the officials made a suggestion to seize the feelings, and then many players advised the emperor to leave Zhang's adult. As a result, Wanli's instructions soon came down: I was entrusted by the imperial examination and relied heavily on it. How can you leave me for a day? ..... After July 7th, if you don't follow the DPRK, your ministry will inform you, so you don't have to make a speech. I admire that. I am still young, and my country can't live without you. What should I do if you quit your job and go home? As for your worries, you can celebrate July 7th mourning day without going to court to show filial piety. Well, that's it.
As a result, Zhang's adult had to stay and continue to devote himself to the empire, but like the officials who cheated in the powerful before, he was branded as illegal and disrespectful, and many people supported him and scolded him. Don't think that no official dares to scold Zhang. One of the specialties of Ming officials is that they risked their lives for morality. It is nothing to scold Zhang and it is unambiguous to scold the emperor! A book and a book of the throne sent up, powerful records of Zhang sneer, according to the degree of their words, respectively, gave their main staff, there is a man called scold Zhang's adult is a beast, was fined one hundred and sixty staff, dragged the smashed * * * exiled to the south to suffer. Here, I would like to mention that in his later years, it was the apocalypse after his accession to the throne. Seeing the corruption of the country, I remembered the prosperity of animal reform and shouted Zhang's greatness. But at that time, it had been decades since Zhang was robbed after his death.
Zhang stayed in the front line of * * * by taking love, and continued to be busy measuring land and implementing whipping. However, heavy official duties and his impatient personality have put great pressure on the health of adults. After ten years of Wanli, Zhang became ill from overwork and was bedridden. What's the matter? Doctor Tai diagnosed gastrointestinal injury, turbid qi and blood stasis, lump accumulation and hematochezia. To put it bluntly, it is estimated that gastroenteritis leads to hemorrhoids and bloody stool. It doesn't seem to be a fatal disease, but how does Zhang Can's Got Talent, who is reforming frontline snacks, let it hinder his pace! Bravely taking risks, he asked the doctor to remove the root of his disease. Now it is only a small surgical operation, but at that time, it was a Chinese doctor who performed surgery on the operating table to remove hemorrhoids. It was really impulsive. The operation should not be ideal because he stayed in bed until his death. According to the records, I guess his later illness is not as simple as hemorrhoids, but the most serious intestinal disease. Now there is also speculation that it is a serious disease such as duodenal cancer, and a variety of diseases have occurred at the same time.
Oh! The name of a generation falls, and Daming is lost!
As a reformer and a grumpy cabinet record, Zhang inevitably made many enemies. When he was alive, people were afraid of the first prime minister. Now that he is dead, countless grievances have begun to be liquidated crazily, and the national exposure of the throne has flown to power like snowflakes. The counterattack began with Zhang's ally, the eunuch in charge of Wanli. The exposed script pointed out that Bao Feng had 12 charges of corruption, bribery, cheating the monarch, confusing the audience and so on, which deserved to be thoroughly punished. Then pull out Zhang's various pigtails. In fact, I also blame Zhang for not being honest. While he was repairing Qi Zhiping, he did not forget to take bribes cheerfully. Although corruption is much less than Bao Feng's, it is also a figure that cannot be ignored. In addition, Zhang, the prime minister who was admired by everyone in the criticism of the Qing Dynasty, suddenly turned into a traitor who committed the most heinous crimes. This is not the most critical thing, but it provoked a group of people! Worst of all, he pissed off another person.
This person is Wanli.
It seems that we haven't taken care of the little emperor for a long time. When we talked about Zhang's vigorous reform, he had grown up quietly. It doesn't matter if we ignore it, but Zhang also ignores it. His imperial students have stepped out of infancy and entered a new era-adolescence. According to the scientific education method, children of this age are most likely to rebel and need encouragement and communication most. Teacher Zhang has obviously never studied normal school or passed the psychological education of middle school students, and still strictly disciplines Wan Li. The most famous thing is that in a lecture on Sunday, Bachelor of imperial academy and Bachelor of Cabinet were also present. Under the guidance of the lecturer, when reading The Analects of Confucius, juvenile Wanli had a word "bo", which should be pronounced as a sound, but Wanli read as a contradiction. At this time, a stern voice sounded in the air: with "Bo"! It is Mr. Zhang who dares to denounce the emperor in public. Although the teacher should criticize the students' mistakes, it is too shameful. Under the eyes of the public, people are still the king of a country, and Wanli must be ashamed and resentful in front of the courtiers. This is just one of the things, which shows that Zhang has regarded reprimanding the emperor as a habit, which can not help but leave a shadow in the heart of the rebellious little emperor in adolescence. Besides, who is Wanli The grandson of Emperor Jiajing, an old man with a black belly, is very cunning in his genes. Whoever he hates in his heart will get it back sooner or later.
"History of Ming Dynasty" said that Wanli cleaned up Zhang and Zhang in a planned way, but I don't think so. Although Wanli had problems with the education group, the prosperity of Daming Jiangshan was always supported by Zhang, and it was inevitable that Wanli would be flustered when he died. But one thing is certain, Wanli is definitely a master with a black belly. According to records, once Zhang suffered from abdominal pain, Emperor Wanli personally made a bowl of spicy noodles for the teacher and advised him to fight poison with spicy food. This is an example of praising Wan Li's understanding, but I quite doubt the child's motivation. It is also inferred that Zhang suffered from enteritis and other diseases, which led to hemorrhoids. Enteritis hemorrhoids eat Chili to fight poison with poison. Personally, I think Wanli is intentional! He must have seriously considered all kinds of schemes and steps to bring down the teacher behind his back.
Against the background of the noise of the ruling and opposition parties, Emperor Wanli, who bears a grudge against Mr. Zhang who tortured and bound himself, ordered a raid on Zhang's home in all kinds of impeachment. The Zhang family finally fell into a very tragic situation. Before the raid team came, the mansion was sealed by local officials, a dozen people in the whole family starved to death, and the eldest son committed suicide, which was terrible. Even if he went to the west, he was almost beheaded. The emperor student he worked so hard to train finally gave him such a definition: muzzle officials, cover up my information, monopolize state affairs, neglect to repay kindness and seek national disloyalty. I have served for many years, so I don't have to stay in the mortar. Most of the reform measures were gradually abandoned. Zhang Yisheng's painstaking efforts and the Renaissance, which may save Daming Mountain, remind me of a song: All are bubbles ~ ~ Although they are fire …
It was not until forty years later that time proved how important Zhang's reform measures were to the Ming Dynasty, and those who accused him recalled the indelible achievements of this reformer who was reviled by property buyers and gave him a reasonable and objective evaluation. Just like Harry summed him up: good at seeking the country, not good at seeking the body. This statement is appropriate. In terms of talent, ability and contribution to the country, Zhang has made great contributions to the future, but if we see him handling the details of people, we will make a big mistake. He not only worked too hard and acted too quickly, but also struggled every time he reformed. He was not only capable, but also successful. History tells us that its progress is restricted by many aspects, and it is extremely difficult to walk on thin ice.
Life, in fact, doesn't need much truth, but some small philosophies work.
Zhang only saw the success or failure of right and wrong, but he didn't know that the power of an iron fist shook for a while but buried a time bomb among the masses and destroyed the future. More importantly, the records of adults who are committed to their work inevitably ignore the importance of their positions. He is arrogant and arbitrary. Even when he was in office, he was the emperor's teacher and just an employee of Zhu Group. He selflessly left the authority of the emperor's students behind, even though he was a bitter Zhu Ming country. At that time, he wanted to save the Ming Dynasty, which almost opened the coffin for autopsy. It's dying. If Zhang knows about the underground, I really don't know whether to sneer or grieve.
Ha ha. This is also a difficult place for people. You have great ability and courage, but because you don't pay attention to your self-cultivation and philosophy of being a man, you will accidentally roll over. Don't ignore the importance of individuals and people around you, and leave as little as possible to those who oppose you. This is a lesson for Zhang and the wise, but it is also a difficult problem in life.
Before Zhang was copied, the eunuch who monitored the emperor in real time had been exiled to Nanjing on charges of corruption and bribery. This guy was copied out with millions of gold and silver and countless treasures, ten times that of the Zhang family. Wanli remembered his old love, threw him to Nanjing to do a leisurely job and died slowly. Li Taihou, who doesn't cooperate with his comrades-in-arms, can only let his son regain power and retire from the harem. There is nothing he can do to fight back-he can't control it when he is old!
Now let's go back to the center of this matter, which is also the focus of our attention-Wanli. In the process of Zhang's reform, Emperor Wanli never showed any outstanding performance. It seems that it was in the manipulation suggestion of the official that he completed the handling of the matter. But in fact, this is his most special and terrible place. He looked calm, but secretly let things develop in the direction he wanted.
His mother and Zhang bound him, which undoubtedly left a shadow on his young mind. When he reached the mature stage of his teens, his desire for autonomy and independence reached an unprecedented level. His heart strongly hinted to himself that I was the king of a country, but why didn't I have arbitrary authority? But I think about it, Wan Li, who is used to being bound, still dare not directly contradict the teacher or even his mother. The long-term teaching and edification of the traditional sage's way also made him develop a gentle, courteous and accommodating style. At the same time, he was filled with indignation, but only under the appearance of forbearance and courtesy, a dark seed sprouted. This kind of seed accompanied him all his life, which became the root of his liquidation of his education team and the improper handling of many events later, and planted a deeper gap in his already sophisticated heart. This seed is a serious personality defect that Wanli can't ignore: selfishness, greed and laxity. The more stupid he acts quietly, the more he knows how to argue, and his shrewdness is likely to bring him the opposite effect under the guidance of that dark seed.
Take this Wanli Zhongxing as an example. His dissatisfaction with Zhang and others affected the reform, and the results of the reform gradually disappeared with Zhang's surprise attack. We can look back on the equally famous reform in the Warring States Period-Shang Yang Reform. After Qin Xiaogong's death, King Huiwen of Qin acceded to the throne, because King Huiwen had a grudge against Shang Yang when he was a prince, and he was executed for revenge. The most important thing is that although King Huiwen killed Shang Yang, he completely preserved and maintained the contents of his political reform, which made Qin continue to be strong and eventually unified the world. In a similar historical situation, the Wanli brothers were completely out of their own temper, denying the teacher's words was nothing, and never cherished the grand cause initiated by this famous minister who was hard to find through the ages. With the help of his foresight, his selfishness and carelessness made the Ming Dynasty miss a chance of rebirth.
It can be seen that although Wanli has the wisdom of leveling, it has not cultivated an emperor's long-term and calm mind in the process of maturity. He only remembers the pressure from Triangle Education Group and spent his patience on how to break through the barriers. This ultimately affected his entire 48-year ruling career and the formation of his whole person.