The Han Dynasty laid the foundation for the development and perfection of the school education system in China feudal society. Schools in the Han Dynasty included official schools and private schools. There are two kinds of official credits: central official school and local official school. The most important official school of the Central Government is imperial academy, who mainly teaches Confucian classics and is led and managed by Taichang, one of the Nine big noble. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were special schools such as Hongdumen School and Gongdi School. Local official studies mainly refer to county Chinese studies. Private schools can be divided into libraries and classic libraries according to their degree.

(1) Imperial College of Technology

The establishment and development of imperial academy.

In 124 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted Dong Zhongshu's suggestion and made his disciple a doctor, marking the formal establishment of imperial academy. At the same time, it also means the formal establishment of China feudal education system with Confucian classics education as its basic content.

Since then, the scale has been expanding and reached its peak in the Eastern Han Dynasty. With the changes of social, political and economic conditions, and the emperor's emphasis on education in different periods, imperial academy rose and fell from time to time. Although the number of students in the Imperial College is unprecedented, the name of the Imperial College is not worthy of the name, and the teaching quality is declining.

② Teachers and students in imperial academy.

Teacher imperial academy: The official teacher is a doctor, who requires a feudal moral style. On the basis of extensive books such as Confucianism, once you have profound attainments, you can be qualified for the post of doctor, have certain teaching experience, and sometimes require you to be over 50 years old. It is also one of the conditions for doctors to strictly abide by the law of teachers and legalists.

Imperial academy students: they are called "doctoral students", "Zhu Sheng" and "imperial academy students". There are two sources of doctoral disciples: one is that Taichang selects 50 students who are over 18 years old and have good manners in Kyoto or Beijing suburbs as doctoral disciples, that is, formal Imperial College students. The other is from the local (county, township, county) choice, belonging to informal special students.

(3) The teaching content and teaching form of Imperial College.

Teaching content: imperial academy is actually a specialized Confucian school, and the knowledge he teaches is a single Confucian classic.

Teaching form: at first, individual or group teaching was adopted, and later, the group class form of "mostly teaching" appeared, and the teachers called it "all teaching". The second-generation teaching mode has also appeared in imperial academy, where high-level students are used to teach low-level students, thus alleviating the contradiction of insufficient teachers to some extent.

(4) Examination and way out for Thai students.

Because there is no strict teaching and grading system in imperial academy, examination, as a means to supervise and check students' study and measure their education level, is particularly valued.

Imperial academy exam basically adopts the form of "setting subjects and shooting strategies", which refers to the examination questions given by teachers. "Shooting" is the process of students' understanding and answering questions, and "subjects" is the grade mark used by teachers to evaluate students' grades. From excellent to poor, it is divided into A, B and C subjects. The actual achievements of students are the basis for awarding officials. Usually A is a doctor, B is a prince and C is a literary anecdote. The number of years of examinations in imperial academy and the standards of subject setting have also changed. Try it once a year in the Western Han Dynasty and once every two years in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

(2) Hongdumen School and Commons School

Hongdu School, founded in the Eastern Han Dynasty, is the earliest specialized school for teaching calligraphy and painting in China and the earliest specialized school for literature and art in the world. Hongdumen School is a place for eunuch clique to cultivate private forces, with the background of political struggle, but its establishment is of great significance in the history of education development in China, especially in the history of junior college education.

Gong Xue can be divided into two types: one is an aristocratic school founded by the government for the children of the royal family, such as a four-surname school for the children of consorts ("four surnames", that is, the four imperial families of Fan, Guo, Yin and Ma, which are called "four surnames" because they have never been listed); The other is a court school for imperial secretaries, which is managed by Queen Deng.

(3) Local official schools

The local official school in the Han Dynasty was called County Sinology, which developed in Wen Weng, the satrap of Shu County in the Western Han Dynasty, and Wen Weng ruled Shu County. First, establish county schools in Chengdu. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the county sinology was established by imperial edict. Teachers are called county sinology and students are called literary disciples or county students. By the Eastern Han Dynasty, most local official schools were located at the county and national levels, and a few counties began to establish county schools.

(4) Private schools

According to its degree, private schools in Han Dynasty can be divided into two categories: libraries and classics halls.

① the library. Libraries are also called bookstores. Due to the lack of primary education in official schools, in addition to palace education for the children of the royal family, most of the education in the Mongolian stage of the Han Dynasty relied on private schools. The library mainly engaged in literacy and calligraphy education in the early stage, and began to contact the basic contents of Confucianism in the later stage. Conduct individual teaching in the library, emphasizing dictation and recitation. Corporal punishment is more serious.

2 wait and see. Jing Guan is a private school more advanced than the library. In fact, it is a place where some famous scholars gather to give lectures, among which the high degree can be compared with Imperial College. Jing Guan is also called Jing She or Lu Jing. Confucian classroom appeared earlier in the Han Dynasty, and developed greatly in the era of Emperor Wudi, especially in the Eastern Han Dynasty.