Wang Guoping: When talking about the theme of "Year of Preschool Education Quality", the first thing that comes to my mind is what a coincidence! This year, I set the work orientation of private kindergartens in the province as "the year of running kindergartens with quality". In our work plan this year, we are going to select "quality kindergartens" among the kindergartens of the Provincial People's Association. In fact, the quality of kindergarten education is difficult to say, let alone the word "teaching quality", because the learning styles of kindergartens, primary schools and middle schools are very different, and the factors and methods considered are also very different. Therefore, when we put forward the "year of running a garden with high quality", the first problem we encounter is how to consider the quality of running a garden. We try to decompose the "quality of running a school" in kindergartens into four parts: the quality of educational service, the quality of curriculum construction, the quality of environmental creation and the quality of scientific management. In terms of educational services, look at the satisfaction index of parents; Look at the child's safety index; Look at the child's happiness index. In terms of curriculum construction, because the kindergarten curriculum is very open and the teaching materials do not necessarily need to be unified nationwide, curriculum construction often marks the educational direction and level of a kindergarten. Therefore, curriculum construction depends on whether there is a gap between the selected teaching materials and teaching methods and modern educational concepts, whether the curriculum arrangement is scientific and reasonable, whether enough time and space are left for children's free activities, and whether the kindergarten curriculum has its own characteristic education. In terms of environmental construction, it mainly points to whether the district corner construction is in place, because children's district corner activities are the basic environmental elements of international preschool education at present. In terms of scientific management, there are two main points, one is that the system construction and operation are in place, and the other is the embodiment of humanized management. In a word, I think the current preschool education has shown a positive development trend after the intensive introduction of policies the year before last. In Zhengzhou, Henan Province, the government's support effect is outstanding. It is undoubtedly the thrust for private kindergartens to move towards standardized management after lowering the entry threshold, the requirement of "quality improvement" after "characteristic survival" and the only way for the development of private kindergartens. Without quality as the guarantee of characteristics, characteristics will be "suspended", and after "showing off one's temporary ability", there will be no solid foothold. Cui Guohua: At present, there are many artificial things to evaluate the quality of teaching, such as evaluation forms and children's evaluation forms ... I think careful observation of children can show the results of education from their performance in an event and an event, and their daily performance can reflect the quality of education in kindergartens. For example, the most common and common behaviors, such as living ability, social interaction and treating people with things, can best reflect our education level. Ding Chengqian: Our Ba Xueyuan adopts authenticity evaluation or performance evaluation to record children's daily performance truthfully and pay attention to each child's own progress. China Teachers' Daily: Traditional "teaching" is often inaccurate in kindergarten education activities. How do you implement high-quality daily education and teaching activities? In other words, what characteristics should a high-quality park have? Li Yueer: In the one-day activities in kindergarten, teachers can't just rely on books for education. Real education is to help children correctly solve the problems encountered in their growth. Therefore, in addition to the teaching process, prescribed syllabus and teaching methods, our teachers also have some ways of emotional communication and spiritual interaction. For example, eating in a messy place is definitely different from eating in an elegant and clean place. In fact, what we eat is not important to us. We are enjoying the nourishment of a spirit and a culture. The same is true of education. The real course content is the same material things as food. It is the medium for people to enjoy spiritual nourishment, not the ultimate goal. If the content of education is the ultimate goal, it is teaching, not teaching people. Our kindergarten is divided into several parts: logistics support department, education guidance department, education management department and teaching department. The teaching department takes the class as the unit, and each head teacher is responsible for one of his classes. My job is educational supervision. My main job is to determine the curriculum content of the kindergarten, check the implementation of the curriculum in each class, observe the teachers' working conditions and problems that need improvement, and then train the teachers in the parts that need improvement, or give some guidance to the teachers individually. We should respect and care for children, and find some brilliance of human nature that adults don't have. We can find education and children from children's behavior and state. So, we photographed the children's various States and studied and analyzed them with the teachers. Cui Guohua: I think a high-quality garden must make every teacher suitable for every post and have full development and autonomy. The head of the kindergarten in charge of teaching should have a good guiding and exemplary role, and should know kindergarten education and teaching like the back of his hand, and be very clear about every teaching process. In addition, we should be forward-looking in the teaching implementation process, inclusive in the teaching process of teachers, allow teachers (including new teachers) to be free in the implementation process of the original teaching plan, be good at adjusting teachers' immature ideas or changes, point out the direction for teachers, and have the ability to make the finishing point in judging teachers' education and teaching work. The teaching director or director plays a vital role in the quality of education and teaching in the park. Therefore, we should attach great importance to their study, go out for training and institutionalize the interview. Subject leaders and backbone teachers are the first to set an example in kindergarten education and teaching, the backbone of kindergarten education and teaching, and the new force to push kindergarten education and teaching to a new height. Therefore, it is necessary to select young people who love their jobs and have high comprehensive quality. At the same time, we should actively build a display platform for them and provide opportunities for further study. Kindergartens should have certain teaching practice and curriculum reform tasks for them to complete every semester. In the process of guiding them, kindergarten leaders further modify the semester education and teaching plan, so as to continuously improve it and form the unique teaching characteristics of kindergartens. The cultivation of class leaders, ordinary teachers and nurses is the key to determine the overall education and teaching quality of kindergartens. They are pure implementers of education and teaching in the park. If they carry out the education and teaching work plan step by step and meticulously, they will present a unified education and teaching work goal in the park. The training plan for this part of the staff should be strong, with at least two centralized group trainings each semester and training in different disciplines at least once a month. It is necessary to deepen the understanding of principals, academic leaders and backbone teachers on education and teaching work into everyone's mind, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of nurses and let them participate in class education and teaching activities. Therefore, the inspection of teaching work should be implemented, and the adequacy of lesson preparation is an important part of the inspection. We should not only provide opportunities for mutual learning, but also constantly transform different teaching activities into different ways, broaden teaching ideas, encourage teaching innovation and tap teaching potential. Ding Chengqian: We emphasize the importance of situation to children's learning, which has led to great changes in teachers' teaching methods. Teachers should understand their interests and needs and things that are meaningful to them by observing children, and then arrange situations or design activities to make the situational ability similar to children's experience, so that activities are meaningful to children and arouse their interest and attention. Ba Xueyuan implements mixed-age classes. In daily activities, large groups are not advocated, but children's independent groups are the main ones, supplemented by occasional groups. In this case, children with higher ability can lead and guide other children to show high-level behavior or thinking. Children's personal freedom is also valued. They can choose their own types and contents of activities and decide their own time according to their own interests. Yang Jianshou: From the perspective of teaching skills, I think the language of teachers is also an important factor related to the quality of education. Language is an important means of information exchange between teachers and students, and it is also an important link between teachers and students. For preschool teachers, it is not enough to express language accurately, clearly and regularly. Only by making the language "childlike" can we attract children. Teachers should be childlike, enter the role, and let children feel naive with friendly, natural and naive expressions and language. Use expressive words and sentences that children are familiar with and avoid too many unfamiliar additional elements. Modern educational theory holds that the influence of all education must be realized through the initiative and enthusiasm of students. The enthusiasm of students mainly depends on the teaching language of teachers to mobilize. Therefore, preschool teachers should pay attention to carefully designing their own teaching terms in education and teaching activities. China Teachers' Daily: At present, kindergartens in many European countries implement mixed-age classes. In China, mixed-age education is still experimental, mainly because some private kindergartens or kindergartens offering Montessori teaching methods are implementing mixed-age classes. I know that some of your kindergartens implement mixed-age education. What can you learn from them? Do you think mixed-age education can be popularized in China? Ding Chengqian: Today's children generally have a regret that there are very few brothers and sisters who have lived together for a long time. When they grow up, they face adults most of the time. Therefore, it is difficult for many children to communicate and cooperate with their peers, and there are few opportunities for being led by older children to take care of them. And mixed age can effectively solve this problem. Get along with children of different ages, let them know the psychological needs of others, and then they can naturally integrate into the crowd like adults. Our educational practice shows that mixed-age education is of great help to the construction of children's social ability. Cui Guohua: I think mixed-age teaching has the following advantages compared with peer-to-peer teaching: mixed-age teaching can reduce the pressure on children in the learning process. For example, when learning new things, there must be some who learn first, some who are unfamiliar and some who are unfamiliar. Teaching at the same age will bring pressure to children of the same age. Those who know well, those who don't know well and those who don't will be discriminated against, and it will be much easier to mix ages. Mixed-age teaching can enhance children's enthusiasm for learning. Children of different ages can learn together and promote each other, which is beyond the competence of teachers; Mixed-age teaching can build children's self-confidence in learning. For example, older children can be asked to help their children with their studies. In the process of helping children, older children can share the happiness of guiding others and enjoy a sense of accomplishment while consolidating their studies; Mixed-age teaching provides a family-style warm learning environment for children. For example, when learning relatively complex content, children of different ages can choose the part that suits them, and children of mixed ages can choose the content that suits their own development according to their different ages, and promote social development through joint learning; Mixed-age education is the best way for children to "naturally acquire". To avoid primary education, it is important to emphasize the characteristics of preschool children's learning, pay attention to the critical period of children's growth, and pay full attention to the growth of each child from the perspective of children's interests. It is worth pointing out that mixed-age teaching poses a serious problem for teachers, that is, tolerance for children is the foundation of teachers. Every day, we will see that children will have different results in the face of different studies. Different results are the tempering of teachers. Teachers should face every day with a clear heart! Wang Guoping: There are still some obstacles to the widespread promotion of mixed-age education in China. The main obstacles are as follows: first, the education department or the child care service institution has not given policy guidance or financial support to the mixed-age class. Secondly, in the management regulations of kindergartens, children are divided into classes according to different ages, and children of different ages have different learning contents and teaching plans, so it is very unlikely to divide children of different ages into classes. In addition, the mixed-age education curriculum is still forming, which also restricts the further expansion of mixed-age classes. Third, there are so many children in kindergartens that it is difficult for teachers to keep up. Because mixed-age education requires teachers to master the different levels of each child's development and can teach according to the characteristics of children. In a normal kindergarten, there are at least twenty or thirty children in a class. Teachers need a lot of time to adjust children's routines and behaviors, and at the same time, they should constantly guide children of different ages with scientific methods. Therefore, mixed-age classes have higher requirements for teachers than ordinary kindergarten teachers, and ordinary teachers are difficult to be competent. Ding Chengqian: Kindergartens that cannot implement mixed-age education at present can actually try some mixed-age education. For example, when playing outdoor games, provide children with opportunities for mixed-age games; During the winter and summer vacations, open mixed-age classes; You can also have some special time and special activities to carry out mixed-age activity days.