All human activities, from simple cognition and action to complex study and labor, are inseparable from memory. Memory is the storehouse of people's intellectual activities. In the most important childhood, memory is of great significance. Vygotsky, a psychologist in the former Soviet Union, believes that the memory of preschool children is at the center of consciousness and plays a leading role in all aspects of psychological activities. If there is no memory ability, then children will re-recognize what they have encountered every time, and it is impossible to gain any life knowledge and experience. Children's memory development plays a direct role in the learning of cultural and scientific knowledge. In early childhood education and teaching, we have adopted the following ten methods to effectively cultivate and develop children's memory.

First, using teaching AIDS to vividly remember specific images and vivid objects can arouse children's interest. Things that stimulate children's emotions are easy for children to remember. When children learn knowledge, teachers can make proper use of objects, specimens, models, pictures and other visual AIDS to teach, so that children can have vivid memories and improve their memory ability. For example, learning the composition of numbers, addition and subtraction, knowledge is more abstract, teachers use teaching AIDS to demonstrate and explain, children can understand knowledge, and children can quickly master knowledge through hands-on operation. Another example is: learning songs in music class and explaining the lyrics to children with pictures or physical teaching AIDS will help children remember the contents of songs and achieve teaching purposes. So are other subjects. Proper use of different teaching AIDS will make it easy for children to remember knowledge.

Second, play games. Interest memory games are children's favorite activities. Gorky said: Games are the way for children to know the world. Indeed, games can consolidate and enrich children's knowledge and develop their language and intelligence. Teachers can integrate knowledge into games and let children learn and remember in games. For example, to know water, put colorful plastic toys in it, let children play with water first, let them know that water is colorless by playing with plastic in the water, and then let them put water in a small bamboo basket and grasp it with their hands, so that they can know that water will flow, and children can master the nature of water in the process of playing with water. Another example is the story "Little Tadpole Looking for Mom". After the teacher finished the story, the children were asked to play games. The tadpole looks for where his mother is. The children remembered the appearance characteristics and growth process of frogs in their keen interest in performance.

Third, a variety of senses, try to remember and mobilize children's multiple senses-vision, hearing, smell, taste, touch to participate in activities, you can get the best effect of trying to remember. For example, to know paper, let children put the paper into the water by hand to see the paper absorb water, burn the paper on the fire and tear it by hand. Through the experiment, the children remembered four secrets of paper. Another example is: the small class knows apples, knows the color, shape and taste of apples by looking, touching, smelling and tasting, and finally lets the young children draw apples, which deepens the memory of knowledge through trying.

Fourth, action demonstration, accurately remember some knowledge, use action demonstration, children will accurately understand and remember. For example, there is a sentence in the ancient poem "Thinking about a Quiet Night", in which the word "looking up" is vividly remembered in future questions through the teacher's action demonstration and the children's attempts to practice. Another example: Look at the picture and tell the story of "the monkey crossing the river". In the picture, a group of monkeys scratched their heads when they saw many peaches on the other side of the river. In teaching, children can learn the anxious movements of monkeys. Through imitation, the word "scratching ears and cheeks" is introduced, so that children can understand the meaning of this word and use it accurately in the story.

5. Make good use of metaphors to understand memory In children's teaching, whether it is reciting poems, singing, telling stories to children, or demonstrating dance movements, sports movements and painting skills, it is necessary to correctly standardize and be good at using some easy-to-understand metaphors to solve difficulties and leave an unforgettable impression on children's hearts. For example, when drawing the tail of a goldfish, you can tell your child that the bifurcation of the tail is like a piece of willow leaves, so that children can remember what the tail looks like and draw it easily.

Sixth, identify similarities and differences, comparative memory When guiding children to know similar things, they can find similarities and differences through comparison and help children to carry out comparative memory. For example, if you know a duck, you can show it to the chicken when you know its mouth and feet, and let the children compare the shape of its mouth and duckbill, and the appearance of its feet and duck feet. According to these differences, you can clearly remember the characteristics of chickens and ducks.

7. Divergent thinking, creating memories Divergent thinking is a form of thinking in which thinkers seek changes according to the information provided by questions and obtain various answers. It is characterized by great initiative and creativity. Therefore, children can more divergent thinking, creative mastery and memory of knowledge. When teaching children to learn knowledge, we should guide them to consider the same question from multiple angles, seek multiple answers and create memory knowledge. For example, guide children to use the word "day" to form words with different meanings such as "weather", "day" and "Sunday" Another example is: to know the ups and downs, teachers can show a ball with the same size and color and an iron ball, so that children can come up with various ways to distinguish balls with different materials, so that children can achieve the best memory effect in divergent thinking.

Eight, homework, task memory actively develop intentional memory, which is of great significance for children to enter primary school smoothly. At first, we can link the memory task with the activities that children are interested in, and then gradually give children certain tasks, so that children can remember something purposefully and cultivate their intentional memory ability. For example, if you know a cuboid, children have to go home to find out what a cuboid is in order to deepen their understanding of it. Another example: learning children's songs or songs in kindergarten, letting children go home and tell their parents, and memorizing knowledge with tasks.

Nine, comprehensive classification, logical memory In education and teaching, teachers should teach children some methods, so that children can organically link old and new knowledge and establish logical relationships between objects to broaden the breadth of memory. For example, if you know all kinds of boats, you can teach children to classify them as water vehicles, and finally the teacher will guide them to classify them as vehicles.

Ten, strengthen review, strengthen the memory of what you have learned, do not review, and forget it after a long time. To this end, you should constantly help your child review, but the ways and means of review should be varied, which are suitable for the age characteristics of the child and can achieve the purpose of strengthening memory knowledge.

In short, to teach children to master knowledge, they should not learn by rote, but constantly develop children's meaningful memories. At the same time, the cultivation of children's memory and children's observation, attention, thinking, imagination and oral expression are interrelated and mutually reinforcing. As long as we are willing to work hard and actively develop children's intelligence, children's memory will develop rapidly.