Kindergartens can be divided into material environment and spiritual environment according to their nature.
The material environment in a broad sense refers to the sum of all material elements in the natural environment and artificial environment that have an impact on kindergarten education.
In a narrow sense, the material environment refers to the sum of all kinds of material elements that have an impact on children's development in kindergartens.
Spiritual environment in a broad sense refers to the sum of the whole social spiritual factors that have an impact on kindergarten education.
In a narrow sense, spiritual environment refers to the sum of all spiritual factors that have an impact on children's development in kindergartens.
Question 2: Introduction of kindergarten environment layout As a special stage of human initial growth, children's environment is of great significance in the process of their survival and development. Environment is not only the basis of their survival, but also an indispensable condition for them to carry out all activities and develop in them. The artistic environment of kindergarten refers to the external conditions that kindergarten provides children with free appreciation and creation, so that children can receive art education unconsciously. "The artistic environment of kindergartens can be divided into big environment and small environment in terms of space and time. The macro environment refers to all classes of public space except the activity room, including kindergarten buildings, outdoor activity venues, corridors, bathrooms, bedrooms and so on. : the small environment is not just an art activity corner. " These environments are not only the material conditions and foundation for children's activities in the park, but also the important resources for children's art education. Therefore, we should give full play to the artistic education value of space environment for children. First, the characteristics of kindergarten art environment 1. The creation of artistic interesting space should pay attention to the artistry and interest of modeling and color, emphasize positive aesthetic significance, and respect and understand children's aesthetic needs. For example, choose cartoon images of animals or characters that children love to see, adopt anthropomorphic methods, with childish and exaggerated shapes, vivid colors and diverse production methods, so that children can never get tired of watching them and receive good educational results. 2. Physical participation in the layout of a good space art environment should be conducive to children's active participation in activities and make them designers and producers of the environment. At the same time, children participate in the process of building walls and hanging things in the activity room, so that the environmental layout interacts with children and promotes their physical and mental development. Such as; In the activity room, a beautiful "love calendar" is designed by using the position of a wall, and 30 days of a month are put into it to become 30 squares, which is the "calendar". Children can independently record what they think is interesting with pictures every day. Such as: how much the seedlings planted are higher than yesterday; Weather conditions of the day; What clothes to wear, etc. , and then paste the picture into the calendar. This kind of environmental arrangement not only has the function of beautifying the environment, but more importantly, it can cultivate children to care about the surrounding environment, people and things around them, and cultivate their feelings of love. In addition, it can enrich children's relevant knowledge, such as the concept of time, the growth of plants, and cultivate children's hands-on operation ability. More importantly, this form provides children with an opportunity to express themselves freely. Children can show what they think is cute and interesting in different ways in the column, which can meet children's needs, develop their abilities and obtain an open art education effect. Let children participate in the layout of space art environment, which can also enhance children's further understanding of the environment, let children better understand the protection of the environment, and sprout the consciousness of creating a beautiful environment. 3. Age differences Because children in kindergartens have different levels of physical and mental development, their ability to accept the environment is also different. Therefore, the age difference should be considered in the creation of kindergarten art environment. For example, children in small classes have poor hands-on ability, so they can decorate more beautiful small works of art in their living space. Wall decoration can choose collective life and behavior norms as the main content, and express ideas with lovely animal images; The middle class can choose the content that reflects natural common sense, and the image selection can decorate the wall with the theme of harmonious coexistence between people and animals; The children in the big class have a strong ability to use their hands and brains. In their space environment, we can arrange more semi-finished products with social common sense as the main content, give play to imagination and creativity, and improve hands-on operation ability. 4. Permeability of education Because children are young and have limited cognitive ability, they cannot be educated with empty and abstract theories. We should use concrete images to inspire them to construct knowledge and form concepts in the process of seeing, listening, touching and doing. Therefore, the creation of kindergarten art environment should enlighten children's wisdom, purify children's hearts and cultivate children's sentiments through bright colors, beautiful modeling and intuitive life image display, which is like the content of all-round development education. 5. Economic security The layout of space art environment has certain periodicity, so it is unnecessary to pursue high-grade production materials. What is important is ingenious conception and novel form. Many idle and useless waste materials in life can also produce fine products and turn waste into treasure, which can not only show the ingenuity and aesthetic taste of kindergarten teachers, but also enlighten and stimulate children's creative consciousness. In the process of layout, there are many levels of operations that need to be painted, made, pasted, cut and hung, which can be completed by children and teachers, so it is very important to consider safety measures at any time. Such as three-dimensional wall decoration > >
Question 3: What are the characteristics of kindergarten environment? In the past ten years, the physical environment of kindergartens all over the country has been greatly improved, making many kindergartens more and more like gardens and parks, but they have not really become a paradise for children. Children have not experienced full relaxation and happiness in such a beautiful kindergarten, and some children even don't want to go to kindergarten. This makes the high investment in material conditions not get the due return, that is to say, the material environment we created did not give full play to its due educational function. The reason is that there is something wrong with the mental environment. Because the quality of the spiritual environment is the valve that restricts the function of the material environment. The looser the mental environment, the more energy the physical environment releases. From the perspective of cultivating creative talents, forming healthy psychology and stimulating psychological energy, the spiritual environment is more important than the material environment. Spiritual environment generally refers to the atmosphere or atmosphere formed by the interweaving of intangible factors such as interpersonal relationships and cultural concepts. This atmosphere or atmosphere determines whether people's "self" can be discovered, developed and perfected; It determines whether people's innate potential can be maximized; It determines whether people's creativity, adaptability and other abilities can be effectively formed. Some scholars believe that Silicon Valley in the United States is not only high in science and technology, but also has a good humanistic, social and ecological environment. It is precisely because of this spiritual environment that the spark of creation can easily come here in the process of generation, innovative ideas can easily bear fruit here, and creative talents can easily come here. Research shows that children living in a warm and supportive atmosphere are prone to form positive personality characteristics, good communication skills and academic performance; A positive and healthy mental environment is the key variable of children's creativity, morality, self-esteem, social behavior and tool use ability. From the perspective of child psychology, a positive and healthy mental environment has the following important signs: 1. It can make children have a sense of psychological security and psychological freedom, showing a relaxed and happy state. 2. It can satisfy children's psychological needs such as curiosity, creative motivation and interest. 3. Expressing or exchanging thoughts and feelings can make children happy. Children can learn to care about their peers, share toys and respect each other. 5. It can make children have the psychological need to abide by discipline and activity rules. To create a positive and healthy mental environment, the core is to establish harmonious, harmonious and healthy interpersonal relationships. Among all kinds of interpersonal relationships in kindergartens, the relationship between teachers and students is the most important. As the famous educator zankov said, "As far as the educational effect is concerned, it is very important to look at the relationship between teachers and students". In order to establish harmonious, harmonious and healthy interpersonal relationships, kindergarten teachers should achieve "more than eight", that is, give more support, affirmation, acceptance, praise, encouragement, care and trust, and give them more freedom and autonomy, thus creating a positive and healthy kindergarten spiritual environment.
Question 4: In a narrow sense, what is the environment of kindergarten? Kindergarten environment in a narrow sense refers to (d) all the factors that affect children's development in kindergartens.
A. Kindergarten living environment
B. Psychological environment in kindergarten
C. All external conditions of kindergarten education
D. All factors affecting children's development in kindergartens
Question 5: What kind of kindergarten environment is the best five measures for children to enter full-time care? If you decide to enter full-time care after comprehensive consideration, in order to minimize the growth anxiety brought by full-time care to children, you should do the following five things: 1. Help children establish a good concept of kindergarten. You can praise his kindergarten in front of your children, and let them know that he entered full-time kindergarten because he is very capable and needs to learn more skills, because teachers like him and parents love him very much.