1. Observed object: refers to the observed object, that is, the students, teachers and classroom environment that need to be observed. Observers need to be clear about the object of observation in order to carry out targeted observation.

2. Observation purpose: refers to the goal and intention observed by observers, such as evaluating students' learning situation, understanding teachers' teaching level, and exploring the advantages and disadvantages of teaching environment. Observers need to set a clear observation purpose in order to better complete the observation task.

3. Observation: refers to the specific methods and means adopted by observers, such as taking notes, shooting videos and conducting questionnaires. Observers need to choose appropriate observation methods and means according to the purpose of observation.

4. Observation results: refers to the results and conclusions drawn by observers through observation, such as the learning situation of students, the teaching level of teachers, the advantages and disadvantages of teaching environment, etc. Observers need to analyze and summarize the observation results through scientific methods and means, and put forward corresponding improvement suggestions.

Basic steps of educational observation method:

1, determine the observation target and content.

First of all, we should make clear the objectives and contents of observation, such as observing whether the classroom teaching activities of a certain subject are effective or observing students' participation in the classroom. At the same time, it is necessary to formulate specific observation indicators and standards in order to better measure the observation results.

2. Choose appropriate observation tools and methods.

According to the observation objectives and contents, choose appropriate observation tools and methods, such as cameras, recording equipment, paper and pen recording, etc. The methods of observation can include quantitative observation (that is, describing the characteristics of the observed object in a quantitative way) and qualitative observation (that is, revealing the characteristics of the observed object by describing its language, behavior or emotion).

3. Observe and record the results.

When observing, we should try our best to maintain an objective and neutral attitude and avoid subjective assumptions and prejudice. During the observation, interference factors should be minimized, such as turning off electronic devices such as mobile phones and computers, so as not to affect the accuracy of the observation results. At the same time, we should also pay attention to protecting the privacy and safety of the observed.