First, the most important and fundamental task of basic sketch teaching is to solve the problems of modeling and structure.
If this main problem is not solved well, it will be very difficult to study in the future and encounter almost insurmountable difficulties, which is precisely the most common problem in teaching. Therefore, we must follow the law of sketch education in teaching, study and master it, and use it correctly in our work.
In specific teaching, some concepts and requirements in sketch are explained to students in stages in combination with the course. According to my own teaching experience and the theories of other famous painters, I can summarize them as follows: line, shape, structure, light and shade, space and texture.
(1) line
Understand the basic concepts such as color boundary line, surface boundary line, external line and contour line in line explanation. Let the students know how to shape with lines. For example, to draw an object with lines, we must first have a certain understanding of the structure of the object, so as to form a network and surface with lines to express the turning relationship of the surface structure of the object. When a face turns to a certain extent, that face becomes a line, that is, a line can express a decent relationship. If lines are used to express the relationship between their surfaces, they should be carefully described at the beginning and end of the lines, and at the same time, attention should be paid to the interpenetration of lines and the change of line thickness. In addition, feel it by guiding and appreciating some works of line modeling and transparent object sketch.
(2) Form
Form is the outline of an object. Master the proportion of shape and modeling, the details of blocks and turns, etc. Master several basic correction methods of shape proportion: A. Correction methods of vertical line and horizontal line. B. diagonal correction method. C. point correction method. D. contrast correction method, etc. Divide various shapes into several simple geometric shapes.
(3) Structure
Structure is the skeleton of an object, and the structure of an object can also be understood as the structure of an object. Use the interpenetration and weight of lines to express form, front and back, and virtual reality. Use horizontal line, vertical line, central axis, oblique line, tangent line and curve to express the structural relationship of objects.
(4) light and shade
The relationship between light and shade of an object after receiving light should be mastered in the formation of light and shade, the five tones of light and shade, the observation methods and expression techniques of light and shade. Students are required to always establish the concept of body structure in the process of painting.
(5) Space
Still life sketch requires students to express the three-dimensional space of an object on a piece of paper with one-dimensional space when painting. Let students know about real space and virtual space, pay attention to the processing of object edge lines, the processing of object projection, and pay attention to the transition from bright to dark or from dark to bright. This is the key point and plays a role in expressing volume and space. The general expression of space: the former is real and the latter is imaginary, and the main reality is imaginary, which sets off each other.
(6) Texture
The texture of the object. Different objects have different textures, some are smooth, some are rough, some are hard, some are soft, and these characteristics of objects are shaped by different ways of expression in painting. For example, gypsum is hard, bright, bright and white, and the ratio of light receiving surface to backlight surface is large. Another example is apple's smoothness, high light intensity and delicate surface.
Second, entertaining, focusing on "happy" teaching.
In fact, happy teaching has existed since ancient times and is a teaching art advocated all over the world. Confucius, an educator in China, said: "The knower is not as good as the good, and the good is not as good as the musician." The "good" and "happy" mentioned here are an interest and a pleasant psychology. In rural middle schools, students still have endless liberal arts texts and endless science homework, and art class is the so-called minor course in students' minds. If students can't study happily in teaching and learning activities, then art class becomes students' homework class. The happy teaching of art class should proceed from the characteristics of the subject, make full use of the happy factors in the teaching materials, adopt the teaching methods that students like, and improve students' interest in learning art. Einstein said, "Interest is the best teacher." I have discussed and tried this in my teaching practice in recent years.
First of all, teachers themselves should impress students with their personality charm. If the manners, clothes and mental outlook of art teachers are the same as those of ordinary people, how can we prove the role of art in people's inner feelings and how can we induce students to aspire to be like you? Therefore, in work and life, art teachers must be humorous and wise in words, generous and decent in manners, elegant and harmonious in costumes, enthusiastic and full in appearance, tolerant and open-minded, always show different styles everywhere, show their personality charm, and care for and care for students, especially underachievers. A teacher's sincere smile and expectant eyes are the source of strength for students to overcome difficulties and build up confidence, and become an example for students to be close to and follow, thus making students close to the subjects they teach.
Secondly, boldly reform teaching methods and create some intuitive, vivid and rural teaching situations as much as possible. Art education is vivid, intuitive and humorous, which has its unique advantages in promoting students' intellectual development and ideological and moral education through aesthetic education. However, how to give full play to and expand its advantages depends on whether teachers can boldly reform teaching methods, fully tap and make use of various favorable factors in students' lives, be brave in innovation according to students' interest characteristics and cognitive rules, strive to create a relaxed and interesting learning environment and atmosphere for students, eliminate the learning pressure in students' hearts, and make students feel that learning is not a burden, but a kind of enjoyment and entertainment. So that students can be influenced by art in this long-term uninterrupted entertainment, feel that artistic elements are everywhere in all aspects of study and life, gradually learn to feel and appreciate beauty by themselves, thus generating the desire to create beauty, and finally accept and favor art teaching.
Third, the use of local resources, a good art class
First of all, by introducing this traditional cultural landscape, students can be guided to know the local folk art, the precious artistic culture created by their ancestors, the architectural style with national characteristics, traditional cultural ideas and the hard work and high wisdom of the working people, thus inspiring students to learn to cherish the precious cultural heritage, inherit and carry forward the excellent traditions, and making our national art more cosmopolitan.
Secondly, when introducing the new humanistic landscape of modern architecture, let students understand the development direction of modern humanistic landscape and the role of art and culture, and understand the design idea that environmental design should be harmonious and unified with nature. Appreciate the guiding ideology of the new generation of * * * in planning and building a modern eco-city, so that students can establish modern environmental awareness, further understand society and love life.
Finally, when introducing natural scenery to students, guide them to love nature, cherish the beautiful environment, improve environmental awareness, cultivate healthy aesthetic taste, improve aesthetic ability, and be proud of our beautiful natural scenery.
In the introduction, we can use video shooting, photo collection and sorting out the local art in the cultural landscape, and introduce the local art to students through video screening, photo display, multimedia cg animation design and text information introduction. Students can also be organized to carry out local art education in the form of eco-tour. Move the art class to the wild, and observe and feel the beauty of human landscape and natural scenery during the play. Students are required to collect art materials, sketch on the spot and keep a diary, and write down their personal experiences. Cultivate students' interest in investigating and studying local art, give play to students' subjective initiative, cultivate their independent thinking ability and further improve their aesthetic ability.
Four. Experience and lessons
1. We should give full play to the emotional training function in art teaching, strive to cultivate students' healthy aesthetic taste and improve their aesthetic ability.
2. We should implement the heuristic principle, adopt various teaching forms, fully mobilize students' learning enthusiasm, let them learn lively and boldly perform artistic expression and creation.
3. Teachers should strengthen demonstration and make full use of displaying pictures, artworks and playing videos. For intuitive teaching.
4. We should pay attention to the reform and development of art teaching, actively carry out teaching reform experiments, and strive to improve teaching quality.
5. Art teaching should pay attention to the relationship between disciplines as much as possible. For example, when talking about concepts such as points, lines and surfaces, we can use related concepts in mathematics to explain them.