If it is a boy's, tell the boy how to correctly understand his adolescent experience, not a girl's.
If you are the father of a child, you should educate the boy to correctly understand the experience of adolescence.
If you are the mother of a child, educate girls to correctly understand the experience of adolescence.
Adolescent health care
Adolescent health care refers to the knowledge of nursing care during the transition period from adolescents to adults. It can also be said that it refers to the period from menarche to the maturity of sexual organs, including physiological and psychological changes. Generally during this period, the body grows rapidly, and the central system and hypothalamus also develop rapidly. Women's ovaries begin to develop and ovulation produces estrogen. Menstruation Male testes develop and produce androgens and sperm. Features begin to appear, such as armpit hair and pubic hair, female breasts begin to develop, and male Adam's apple appears. Adolescence not only changes rapidly in the second characteristics outside the body, but also makes great progress in the mental state.
Health care purpose
First, we can find the cognitive defects that affect health in time, guide teenagers to form correct cognition, understand their own physical growth and development, social psychological development and sexual psychological development, and form healthy beliefs and lifestyles.
Second, physical, emotional and behavioral problems can be found through various inspections, and timely intervention can be made to prevent dangerous behaviors that endanger health.
Third, strengthen and encourage healthy eating and health awareness.
Fourth, we should have a clear understanding of immunization and the prevention of infectious diseases and sexually transmitted diseases, actively participate in health decision-making and actively seek health care services for maintaining our physical and mental health.
Fifth, ensure the healthy transition from adolescence to adulthood, lay a good foundation for future family and career, and make more contributions to the country and society.
Matters needing attention
Ten is not desirable.
It is not advisable to pluck and stroke your eyebrows.
Eyebrows can stop sweating, prevent dust and protect eyes. The girl's eyebrows are not fully developed. At this time, pulling and caressing the eyebrows is equivalent to removing the eye barrier, allowing dust and bacteria to fall straight into the eyes, which is easy to suffer from eye diseases. Eyebrow plucking is a malignant stimulus to the nerve endings around the orbit, which will cause the imbalance of eye muscle movement, make the skin around the orbit slack, prone to wrinkles and drooping eyelids, and even affect the beauty of adults.
It is not advisable to wear pendants.
Girls' ears are delicate, wearing pendants will cause artificial ear trauma, and there is a risk that bacteria will be brought into the body to cause infection, suppuration or tetanus. It is reported that in Kabul, Afghanistan, 16% of tetanus patients are caused by ear prick.
Don't wear heavy makeup.
There are more than 20 million sweat holes in human skin, and about 6.5438+0.5 million particles of body waste are discharged from the sweat holes every day. Young girls' heavy makeup undoubtedly blocks the discharge of waste in their bodies, which not only affects body temperature regulation, but also easily causes "beauty rash", which affects facial muscle development and bodybuilding.
Not suitable for corset.
Chest girdling will affect the movement of ribs, sternum and diaphragm, affect normal breathing and normal development of chest, narrow chest and low vital capacity, and also affect breast development and breastfeeding after marriage. In severe cases, it will cause benign superficial thrombosis and breast phlebitis.
It is not advisable not to wear a bra.
Some girls don't wear bras because their breasts have developed greatly. After a long time, their breasts are prone to droop, which hinders the normal blood circulation of the breasts, causing partial congestion and causing breast diseases. Strenuous exercise can also easily cause breast trauma and mastitis.
Hormones should not be used to promote breast development.
Some girls think that breasts are small, and taking estrogen to promote breast development is effective temporarily, but over time, it will increase the possibility of breast, vagina, cervix, uterus and ovarian cancer. Abuse of estrogen not only easily leads to nausea, vomiting and anorexia, but also leads to uterine bleeding, uterine hypertrophy, menstrual disorder and liver and kidney dysfunction.
Not suitable for long-term use of bodybuilding breast cream
Some girls suspect breast dysplasia. Applying bodybuilding and breast enhancement cream can make breasts plump and increase. Long-term use will cause irregular menstruation, pigmentation, skin atrophy and thinning, disorder the enzyme system of the liver, reduce the synthesis of bile acids, and easily form cholesterol stones.
It is not advisable to wear high-elastic pants.
High-elastic pants tightly wrap the crotch, buttocks and thighs, which have poor air permeability, affect blood and lymphatic circulation, hinder joint flexion and extension and normal development of the body, and easily cause vulvitis, pruritus, pain and redness of the vulva of girls. Scratching can cause diffuse ulcer of vulva epidermis, especially after urination, and inguinal lymph nodes are swollen and painful due to infection.
It is not advisable to wear pointed high heels.
Girls' toes are soft and tender, and wearing pointed high heels for a long time will not only squeeze and rub their toes, but also cause foot disease. This foot disease is medically called high heel metatarsal pain. Wearing high heels all the year round, the arch of the foot becomes bigger, and the toes are forced to squeeze forward when walking, which leads to the thickening of the vascular wall accompanying the plantar nerve, forming local thrombosis, causing ischemic degeneration of the plantar nerve, or forming ingrown toenails, which is unbearable and causes more and more foot diseases in the elderly.
It is not advisable to chew food with one tooth for a long time.
Over time, it is easy to cause tooth strain on one side, asymmetric facial development and damage bodybuilding.
Dietary health care
Catherine S. Burke of Harvard Medical School reported that if little girls' diets are rich in animal protein and fat, they will easily mature prematurely, and the risk of chronic diseases may increase in old age. Related research shows that girls with early physical development have an increased risk of breast cancer and ovarian cancer in the future.
Bokai and others counted the medical and dietary records of 67 white women born in 1930s and 1940s to explore the relationship between diet, development and maturity. The results show that girls who eat the most animal protein during the period of 3 to 5 years old have earlier menarche than girls who eat the most plant protein. Similarly, people who eat more fat at 1-2 years old and people who eat more animal protein at 6-8 years old develop early in adolescence.
The results show that the risk of adult illness is related to the development of adolescents and the factors affecting their development.
However, this study did not advise parents to change their children's diet to reduce the risk of illness, because children need enough protein and fat to grow and develop normally. Public health guidance tries to guide children to reduce the intake of saturated fat, lean meat and excessive calories, and increase the intake of fruits and vegetables, which may reduce the incidence of breast cancer and bring other health benefits.
Adolescent health care
Adolescent health clinics belong to the category of preventive health care services:
First, we should consider the adaptability of outpatient service to patients' age, growth and development, as well as the differences between individuals and social and cultural backgrounds.
Second, the establishment of adolescent health care outpatient system, strictly require medical staff to abide by the principle of adolescent health care privacy; Staff should warmly receive teenagers and their parents and encourage them to actively participate.
Third, receiving health care guidance once a year in adolescence can help teenagers cope with growing troubles, develop physically and mentally, maintain a healthy lifestyle, improve diet and fatigue, and prevent injuries.
mental health
In the face of adolescent children, parents will have different degrees of fear, and even some parents will be nervous. Parents' reaction is normal, because adolescent children always yearn for maturity, miss childhood, pursue perfection and always have shortcomings, refuse to instill and are eager for help. Such ambivalence makes their behavior so absurd and boring to adults, but it is of great significance to children. Parents impose restrictions on their children because they don't understand them, which makes many contradictions and conflicts between parents and children escalate.
First of all, we must understand the four psychological needs of adolescent children.
Reasonable material demand
Material needs are the eternal theme of life. After children enter adolescence, there is still demand for clothing, snacks, toys and stationery on the surface, but the real demand is quietly changing. Just entering adolescence, there are fewer children who pursue individuality, and more are asking themselves to follow the crowd. Conformity makes you feel safe and integrated into the circle of classmates, which is not obvious. With the growth of age, familiar with the surrounding environment, understanding the personality of classmates and friends, children began to show their personality and secretly compete in groups. This comparison is of positive significance. Children gain experience and find their place in the group.
Don't be surprised if a girl refuses to wear pink clothes on the first day and insists on a pink scarf a year or two later. This is a requirement for children to grow up and mature. Reject pink because you want to reject naivety, and accept pink to show your independence and maturity. At this time, the child is surprisingly disobedient in front of his parents. Boys want a pair of brand-name shoes today and come back tomorrow to tell their parents that XXX has a new mobile phone. Boys and girls have pictures of stars in their schoolbags. They will invite everyone to dinner on their birthdays ... Many boys will learn to smoke and drink in groups. Girls learn to make up and dye their hair. In fact, they want to look like adults, flaunt themselves and show themselves in small groups through these ceremonies. Adults feel that they are trying to be brave.
Parental support and guidance methods
Our social level is improving, and our parents also have the mentality of keeping up with the joneses. While decorating their homes, they also improve their children's living standards, dress them up beautifully and put money in their pockets. Imagine that when children have money in their pockets, they always think about how to spend it in class, which will inevitably affect their study. Parents should guard against the consequences of the expansion of children's material needs, but they have to give material satisfaction. What should they do? We believe that parents should learn to judge whether their children's needs are normal. The standard of children's normal needs is mainly from two aspects: one is to take the average or lower average of classmates' material needs. Another criterion is to look at the family's economic situation. If your family's economic situation is moderate or good, it is better to make your child's living standard lower. If your financial situation is not very good, then don't force your children to enjoy high consumption for fear of being wronged. This face-saving approach will not only make children confident, but also make them worse without considering their parents' financial ability.
Communication needs of friends
Around puberty, junior high school life begins. Children seem to have entered a brand-new world, contacting new faces, new habits and new ways of learning. This is a visible change, and there is an invisible change, that is, the transfer of thoughts and emotions of children entering adolescence.
Before puberty, children depend on their parents. When you enter adolescence, you begin to transfer to your friends, and then to your friends of the opposite sex. Finally, fix on the opposite sex, get married and have children, and enter a new cycle. This is the only way for human growth and an irresistible force.
The children began to make friends. For friends, they can wait at the school gate, go shopping with classmates and go to Internet cafes. Because friends can stay at school to play basketball and even fight, they don't care about their parents' faces when they come home late, even if they are scolded by their parents. What makes children take risks? This is a question of children's psychological needs.
Out of the family, children's horizons are broadened and their contact with society is broadened. It is no longer a way of behavior in which home and school are connected in a line. They will appear in places they have never been before and encounter problems they have never encountered. At this time, friends are the most direct helpers and can replace the support and help of parents.
Children's thoughts are no longer simple, which even they can feel. Sometimes they think, sometimes they are worried, sometimes they are overjoyed. These feelings are not suitable for sharing with parents, because parents will be nervous and worried immediately, criticism and education are essential, and follow-up monitoring will follow. Therefore, parents are not the choice for children to talk about their hearts. The best and safest thing is friends around them. In this period, children often choose teachers as friends and let them share their joys and sorrows, because teachers are still sacred and credible in children's hearts.
So, do children need parents in their hearts? Children need it from the bottom of their hearts, but what makes them shrink back is their parents' worry and distrust.
Parental support and guidance methods
Parents have to continue to educate their children because they are worried, even by beating and cursing. Moreover, parents listen to the opinions of teachers and others unilaterally, preventing their children from making friends normally, fearing that their children will not study well, which will affect their studies and waste time. Some parents make friends with their children, those who are allowed to make friends and those who can't. Children absolutely don't accept it, so they naturally stay away from their parents and don't communicate with them.
What should parents do? First of all, let the child trust you and be willing to tell you all the problems he has encountered. This requires parents to learn to listen and not to rush to criticize and correct. Listening to children's complaints is also an opportunity to vent their emotions and reduce their psychological burden. After listening, parents look for opportunities to give advice to their children. Over time, parents and children have become the most trustworthy friends.
Parents support their children to make friends, and at the same time put forward specific and simple bottom line requirements. For example, people who lead you to do bad things can't be friends; Very selfish people can't be friends; Self-righteous people can't be friends ... In addition, children often think that friends are eternal. It is necessary to tell children that this is not necessarily the case. The relationship between friends will change from time to time, and it is also possible to break off diplomatic relations. Be mentally prepared. In short, you should be a friend that children need.
Pay attention to the needs of the opposite sex
When a child enters adolescence, there will be subtle changes in contact with the opposite sex. They began to pay attention to the opposite sex quietly. Attention often just stays on the outside. For example, girls pay attention to handsome and tall boys. The girls get together to comment and have some fresh and exciting feelings. Boys also pay attention to girls, and occasionally talk about some girls in a teasing way. Even if they have weak love, they know they are dreaming. Boys and girls will be stiff. This is just the primary learning stage for children to get out of the family circle and enter the society to know the opposite sex. As time goes by, children become more and more aware of what kind of opposite sex they like and want to get close to him or her. The initial form can be slapstick, simple question and answer, or work exchange with class activities as the theme. Many children can get to know the opposite sex through such simple communication. Many children know that this is not love, just classmates. They think that the beautiful love they expected has not arrived, so more people choose to wait and wait for themselves to grow up.
There are children in love. These "loves" often begin with misunderstanding, pressure and loss of family ties. Xiao Ai is a chubby junior two girl. But Xiao Ai has changed a little. After careful observation, we finally found the clue. There is a boy beside Xiao Ai. His name is Fengfeng. When class is over, Fengfeng will sit in front of Xiao Ai, and the two of them will have a hot chat. I also invited them to have dinner together and go after school. So there was a "peach news" about the two of them in the class. Finally, one day the class teacher Zhang was alarmed and the teacher informed the parents of the two children about it. In fact, parents also found out. Every night, Xiao Ai and Feng Feng have to contact each other by phone. The talk time is more than one hour, and they have to contact each other three or four times a day on holidays. At first, my parents didn't take it seriously, but after a long time, no parents could be suspicious. Xiao Ai's parents asked Xiao Ai, and Xiao Ai said, "Don't think so complicated, we are good friends."
Adolescence is a prelude to love, a prelude to love. It is inevitable for children to fall in love, and our parents want their children to be later. How can we do that?
Parental support and guidance methods
First of all, our parents should not encourage their children to "love" from misunderstandings and misunderstandings. Parents' innuendo criticism, distrust interrogation, spying on children's privacy secretly and worrying nagging reminders make children fidgety and aggravate their rebellious psychology. Children who have contact with friends of the opposite sex will be very careful. In order to avoid exposing their feelings because of a small note and an unexpected single contact, parents will step up communication and contact. As a result, the two people are getting closer and closer, supporting and trusting each other more and more, and finally making the fake come true. Parents played a role in fueling the flames here, but they didn't realize it. Secondly, the pressure of study and life, children need someone to share, parents will only pressure, not decompression, children will resist their parents. Lack of understanding, intolerance and endless criticism of children make children seek understanding and sympathy, which is also the reason why children fall in love. Moreover, affection is a safe haven for children. If the family can't give affection to children, children can easily find affection from the opposite sex. Husband and wife are at odds all the year round, fighting and divorcing, and children are the most difficult to accept and the most insecure. Parents travel all the year round and can't take care of their children. Children look at others and then at themselves, feeling lonely and easy to find comfort.
Adolescent children, when they begin to pay attention to the opposite sex, will mention a certain opposite sex in front of their parents. Don't make a fuss, blame the children for not paying attention to their studies or taking them lightly. Instead, listen to the child patiently, then ask about the situation, and then find ways to guide the child. It's not too late to talk when you think it over. The benefits of this are as follows: 1. Children can tell their parents about such things, and parents will not criticize them. In the future, he will ask his parents for help and give them a chance to understand and help their children. Secondly, children understand that the ideas they get from their parents are better than those they get from their classmates or themselves. Only when parents don't scare their children away will they come for help. In the process of children's growth, it is good for children's healthy growth that parents can make efforts.
Need help
When a child enters adolescence, his personality becomes extroverted, easily exaggerated by things, and easily reckless. They are dealing with problems more and more independently, and the things they encounter are becoming more and more complicated. They are strange to the unknown world, full of curiosity, doubt and fear. They really wish they had bodyguards, "knowledgeable people" and "robot cats". Of course, it's good to have a lot of money in your pocket. And all this is gone, what should I do if I encounter problems? Children need help.
In the interaction with classmates, many things make them feel very difficult. Children don't know how to deal with new classmates and teachers; Do not know how to control their emotions, and often have conflicts with teachers and classmates; Being criticized, I don't know what I did wrong, and how to communicate with the teacher. They need help.
Children's activities are getting wider and wider, and many times they will encounter things that are unsatisfactory, wronged and bullied. It happened suddenly, and then it ended like that, leaving only chagrin, injustice and humiliation, but there was no chance to fight back and vent, and even no place to make sense. Like a dumb person eating coptis chinensis, there was unspeakable suffering. At this time, the child needs help.
For example, during the exam, children must compete with their classmates in academic performance. Many times, they have to accept the criticism of adults and accept their fate. How did they improve their grades? They need help. Why do people live? What is the outlook on life? What is happiness? Where is the happiness I want? ..... children have a lot of puzzles, and I hope someone can help them clear the fog and solve the mystery. They still need help.
Parental support and guidance methods
It should be said that children need help in all aspects, from material satisfaction to spiritual guidance. In this way, children can gradually get rid of innocence, establish a realistic and objective ideological system, and truly get out of the fantasy-filled, unrestrained, irresponsible, carefree and surreal adolescence and step into youth and adulthood.
Parents often take their own will as the center, thinking that caring for their children is help, but they don't know that excessive care and care make their children's hands-on ability poor and clumsy among their classmates. Many parents think that criticism is help, which arouses children's rebellious psychology and accelerates the growth of children's rebellious psychology.
Parents are willing to help their children. Children don't accept help from everyone, including their parents. There is a prerequisite for a child to get help, and it must be someone he trusts. In learning, children need the help of trustworthy people who know their own subject knowledge. They need the help of talented and persuasive people in their outlook on life. When they need encouragement and support, they should also be the people they like and need.
Habit cultivation
1. Arrange life, work and study reasonably, cultivate good hygiene habits, and pay attention to physical exercise and proper labor. Personal hygiene includes oral hygiene, eye hygiene, writing, reading, standing and waiting for correct posture to prevent teeth, myopia and spinal curvature. Arrange the exercise content systematically according to different ages and move forward in order.
Adequate sleep: Sleep for 7-9 hours in adolescence and develop good sleep habits.
3, breast health care: when girls reach puberty, they should bring bras in time, but the bras should not be too tight or too loose. Too tight will affect the normal development of breasts, and too loose will not prevent sagging breasts.
4. menstrual hygiene: let young women understand that menstruation is a physiological phenomenon, but we must pay attention to menstrual hygiene.
Pay attention to hygiene and prevent infection: use a clean and soft menstrual pad, change it frequently, keep the external genitals clean, and it is not advisable to take a bath or swim during menstruation.
(3) Pay attention to keep warm and avoid cold stimulation.
(4) Avoid overwork: for example, avoid strenuous physical exercise and reduce pelvic congestion. Have a proper rest and get enough sleep.
5. Mental health and healthy behavior guidance: Adolescence was once called "dangerous period". Therefore, teachers, parents and medical staff should pay special attention to the psychological activities of teenagers, give correct guidance and systematic education in a planned way. Teenagers must be educated not to smoke and drink too much and treat love and marriage correctly.
6. Appropriate sex education: it is necessary to give necessary sex education to teenagers and give correct guidance. According to different age stages, students' physiological, psychological state and understanding ability should be educated in different contents, and the education time should be slightly earlier or at the same time as students' physical and mental development. Sex education should master the principles of timeliness, appropriateness and appropriateness.
7. Vaginal discharge: Soon after the development of the second sexual characteristic, girls will have vaginal discharge, which is vaginal discharge. Generally, leucorrhea is milky white and tasteless, which is a normal physiological phenomenon. Leucorrhea is mainly composed of vaginal secretions and cervical mucus, as well as a small amount of uterine cavity and fallopian tube secretions, epithelial cells, white blood cells and lactobacillus that shed from vagina, cervix, uterine cavity and fallopian tube. Because the estrogen level in the body changes periodically, the estrogen level is high during ovulation, and the amount of leucorrhea is also high, showing a transparent egg white-like, and the amount of leucorrhea is small at ordinary times. Before menstruation, vaginal discharge will increase due to pelvic congestion, which is a normal physiological phenomenon.
However, the female reproductive tract is connected with the outside world, and some pathogenic microorganisms can easily enter the female reproductive tract. In order to prevent inflammation and diseases of reproductive organs, we should pay attention to:
A. wash the vulva frequently;
B, underwear with pure cotton products, avoid borrowing from each other;
C, wash vulva washbasin and towel for personal use, don't mix with foot washing equipment;
D, if you find leucorrhea increased, smelly or bloody and vulvar itching, you should seek medical advice in time.