The word contribution has two meanings: 1 Did something beneficial to the country and the public; 2. Dedicate materials, strength and experience to the country or people. We often talk about Cai Yuanpei's contribution to modern education, but we don't talk much about his experience. Even if he does, that's what we learned. This is the contribution we have seen. In fact, some experiences may not be realized and adopted, but they are also a contribution to those who provide them. What I am talking about today is the contribution of Cai Yuanpei's experience to modern education. In my opinion, we haven't adopted it well until today, but the education problem has been bothering us.
First of all, about his exposition of educational goals.
Cai Yuanpei put forward the idea of "five educations simultaneously". We have discussed it a lot, but what we often notice is the richness of his content. What we notice is that he put forward the education of all-round development of people. I think the greater value of the Five Education Thought lies in its hierarchy and feasibility. First look at the level. Cai Yuanpei divided the world into the phenomenal world and the physical world. He believes that the ultimate goal of human beings is the physical world, and people can't live just to live. Of course, Cai Yuanpei did not completely stop the physical world and became mysterious. He built his understanding of the physical world on the phenomenal world. According to his division of the world, he also divided the educational goal into two levels. One is the practical goal, that is, what he called military and national education, utilitarian education and civic moral education, all in order to make people live happier in this world. The other goal is the value goal, that is, the education of world outlook, which is the education for people to become human beings, the core quality of people, and has extraordinary significance for a person's development. Secondly, the feasibility, the practical goal of education is relatively easy to achieve, so how to achieve the value goal of education. Cai Yuanpei's aesthetic education thought is a bridge from practical goal to value goal. In Cai Yuanpei's view, aesthetic education has two attributes: one is universality. He believes that aesthetic education "can break the prejudice between people and me" and realize harmonious coexistence between people. For example, he said, "Beauty is not. It's just like the western hills near Beijing, where I swim and people swim; I am harmless to others, and people are harmless to me. " Moreover, "it is better to be happy with others than to be alone." The second is transcendence. He believes that aesthetic education "can break the scruples of life and death" and realize the harmonious coexistence between man and nature. For example, he said, "beauty is what people like, and they never dare to think about Greek nudity." It is aesthetic education with these two attributes that can realize the leap from practical goal to value goal.
From the above analysis, we can see that Cai Yuanpei's educational goal is both practical and value-oriented, which can be said to be a good combination of Confucianism's entry into the WTO and Taoism's birth, and the educational goal itself is hierarchical and feasible.
Since modern times, our education has always focused on practical goals and neglected value goals. Even if the so-called ideal education is put forward, it is often empty, chaotic and impossible to achieve, because we have never attached importance to aesthetic education. The subject of music art is to cultivate skills rather than aesthetic education. The most aesthetic Chinese subject has long lost the value of cultivating aesthetic education in the dismemberment and detailed analysis of teachers.
Cai Yuanpei's five educational thoughts are of great significance for us to establish educational goals, solve the relationship between short-term and long-term educational goals, the relationship between practical goals and value goals, and unify exam-oriented education and quality education, which can be regarded as a great contribution of Cai Yuanpei to education.
Second, about his discussion about studying abroad.
Cai Yuanpei attaches great importance to learning foreign things. Take education as an example. When he talked about the nature of education and the display of personality, he mentioned learning from foreign countries. He mentioned experimental pedagogy, Dewey's pragmatism, Montessori's children's room and Belgian Derclaye. These educational ideas or experimental activities may have just emerged in the west at that time, but Cai Yuanpei has noticed these new ideas, and he is really not backward in learning foreign countries.
He advocates learning from foreign countries, but does not advocate "total westernization and conformity." He believes that we should have a normal mind, that is, don't be arrogant, don't give up, and start from ourselves. He said: it doesn't have to be implemented by others, so we can implement it. Even if it hasn't been implemented in Japan and Europe and America, educators are still advocating it. We must observe it in principle. If it is feasible, there is no need for someone to do it first.
He advocated that learning from the west should not be "swallowed up", but "take its meat and spit out its core", and integrate advanced and useful things from abroad into China's excellent traditional culture for development. He critically absorbs all foreign things, but not all foreign things are good. For example, he was always critical of religion and opposed the establishment of a theological discipline in universities. His thoughts on university education are to learn from others and combine with the reality of China.
Cai Yuanpei attaches great importance to learning from foreign countries, and also attaches great importance to publicizing China's educational thoughts and cultural traditions to foreign countries. 1924 At a meeting held in London, he read out the development of education in China, introduced China's emphasis on education since ancient times, introduced the contents and institutions of education in ancient China, introduced the different fates of two famous schools in ancient China, compared the education between China and Britain, each with its own advantages and disadvantages, correctly analyzed the education gap in China, and expressed the significance of exchange learning. He also gave several speeches at the World Education Federation. He was neither humble nor humble, expressing his desire for development and national self-confidence. It is precisely because of this spirit that he won the respect of the world and introduced China's excellent culture to foreign countries under China's international status at that time. Because of Cai Yuanpei's outstanding contribution to the promotion of cultural exchanges between China and the West, the University of Lyon in France awarded him an honorary doctorate in literature, which is the first time that the university has awarded this degree to foreigners. New york University awarded him an honorary doctorate in law. The French President awarded him the Medal of Honor Class III and the Medal of Treasure Star.
Cai Yuanpei's attitude towards foreign culture, the method of absorbing foreign culture and promoting Chinese culture are worth learning today. Today, our educational circles are blindly copying foreign things and have lost the right to speak in foreign educational circles. We should learn wisdom from Cai Yuanpei's experience, try to handle the relationship between localization and internationalization, and introduce China's educational thought and experience to the world. In the operation of such a huge education system in China, there must be many useful things, which are worth summarizing and publicizing to the world. Generations of educators in China must have a lot of educational wisdom to introduce to foreign countries.
Third, the grasp of the true meaning of education and the pursuit of education democracy and science.
The difference between new education and old education
The new couple education is different from the old educators. One thing is that educators don't educate children with us, but we are taught by children.
China's educational circles are still sticking to a few textbooks to force the whole class. In fact, they are only 50 steps away from the previous three-character classics, four books and five classics. In order to save its shortcomings, first of all, it is necessary to establish an experimental education research institute. Second, teachers should have enough knowledge to be good role models for children. Third, suppliers of educational products should also have various reference pictures and instruments for teachers to obtain funds. In this way, we can start from the new education.
On the Independence of Education
Education is to help the educated develop their own abilities, improve their personality and contribute to human culture; It is not a special tool for the educated to apply for other purposes.
Education should develop equally in personality and group.
Education has far-reaching influence;
Education is progressive.
Education is public.
Mandarin textbook for children's bookstore
Children's abstract function is more intuitive than weak; Therefore, in terms of intellectual education, we should give the concept, but we should use intuitive materials as guidance. The intuitive understanding of objects, specimens and pictures is recognized by educators today. China has a vast territory and abundant natural resources, spanning cold, warm and hot areas. What children see is obviously different; For children in the south, talk about the snowman igloo, and for children in the north, talk about kapok rattan. Although there is a picture, there is little chance to prove him in kind. In view of this, Shanghai Children's Library has compiled three national languages: North, Middle and South. The nouns contained in it are the most widely known and familiar, and the hearing, such as folk songs, is also chosen to be interspersed in this department, which will definitely help children understand. Special ambition and several languages, that Shao Jie.
Fourth, the spirit of educators.
Fourth, interest in poverty and happiness. Education is very important, but his career is even cold. The salary of primary school teachers in all countries is not enough to support the family. If the wife has money, the political, economic and industrial road is the only choice; Give up today and join in education, you must talk about peace and have endless interest. Although senior officials are generous, they are not easy to talk about.
/kloc-educational progress since 0/900
Caring educator: In order to rescue the arrested students, Cai Yuanpei tried his best to rush to the rescue, personally led the principal delegation to the Ministry of Education, and even vowed to release the arrested students. With the strong support of the people of the whole country, the warlord government was forced to release the arrested students, and Cai Yuanpei personally led the teachers and students of Peking University to meet them at the school gate. The students were sad and happy, and shed tears of excitement. The student who was arrested at that time recalled: "When we walked into the beach square with our classmates after we got out of prison, Teacher Cai was so heavy and kind. He forced a smile with tears in his eyes, encouraged us and comforted us, which left a deep impression on us. " Page 85
Serve the public wholeheartedly, so that you forget your own interests.
In order to solve the daily expenses of students of the Patriotic Women's Association, Cai Yuanpei volunteered to go to Nanjing to borrow money to solve the urgent need. Before he left, his family came to tell his eldest son, Gan, who was only ten years old, that he had passed away. With tears in his eyes, he asked his friends who came to see him off to take care of his affairs. Without a last look at his beloved son or comforting his wife, he resolutely boarded the ship. Three days later, I finally borrowed 6000 yuan and returned to Shanghai, which solved the worries of my classmates. His selfless and courageous spirit has always been praised as a beautiful talk. Page 43
During his tenure as president of Peking University from 65438 to 0920, he was sent to Europe and America to study and educate. During the inspection, I unfortunately received the news that my wife died of illness in Beijing. He endured grief and continued his journey, writing a 64-page "Mourning for His Wife Huang Zhongyu".
Cai Yuanpei's sense of social responsibility: "If I don't go to hell, who will go to hell".