The main theories and methods of psychological counseling
First of all, psychoanalytic theory
Psychoanalysis is a psychotherapy theory and method based on psychoanalysis theory founded by Freud. Commonly used methods are:
1, catharsis therapy: catharsis therapy refers to the method of letting visitors talk about their repressed depression and inner conflicts through the inspiration and guidance of psychological counselors, so as to restore psychological balance.
2. Understanding therapy: Understanding therapy is effective through the visitors' understanding of the causes of symptoms.
3. Hint therapy: Hint therapy refers to relieving visitors' doubts, strengthening rehabilitation beliefs, improving bad emotions and reducing mental burden through psychological suggestion, thus playing a role in relieving anxiety.
Second, behaviorism theory.
Behaviorism theory holds that human abnormal behavior, like normal behavior, is the product of environmental shaping and is obtained through acquired learning, training and exercise. Commonly used behavior correction methods are:
1. System desensitization: System desensitization is a basic technique of behavioral therapy. It is usually used to treat phobia and anxiety.
2, aversion therapy: aversion therapy is often used to treat sexual metamorphosis or alcohol, tobacco, drug dependence and so on.
3. Enhanced penalty regression method: The enhanced penalty regression method is developed according to the principle of operation conditions.
Third, the humanistic theory.
Humanistic therapy is mainly based on Rogers' self-theory. According to this theory, conflicts and contradictions in personal self-concept are the causes of psychological abnormality. The common methods of humanistic therapy are as follows:
1. Client-centered therapy: Client-centered therapy is a widely influential psychotherapy theory, method and technology initiated by Rogers.
2. Friendship group: Friendship group is a group psychotherapy method initiated by Rogers.
3. Support therapy: Support therapy is a psychological counseling and psychotherapy method based on providing support.
Fourth, cognitive behavior theory.
1, A-B-C personality theory:
A-B-C personality theory is the theoretical basis of rational emotional therapy. A in this theory stands for induced event; B represents the belief of the parties after the induced event; C stands for the emotional and behavioral results of the parties.
According to rational emotional therapy, the belief B held by the parties in the induced event is the direct cause of emotion and behavior C, while the induced event A is only the indirect cause of emotion and behavior.
2. Irrational beliefs: Irrational beliefs can make people upset, anxious, depressed, and prone to psychological barriers. These irrational beliefs mainly include 1 1:
First, I definitely want to get the likes and praises of people around me, especially important people;
Second, ask yourself to be omnipotent and not fail at any time and place;
Third, there are many useless and evil people in the world who should be rejected and severely condemned and punished;
Fourth, when there is something unsatisfactory in life, work and study, there is a sense of disaster;
Fifth, the road of life is full of hardships, and the responsibility and pressure of life are heavy, so we should try our best to escape from reality;
Sixth, the unhappiness in life is caused by the external environment, so people can't overcome pain and confusion;
Seventh, we should be highly vigilant against dangerous and terrible things, always pay attention to them and be ready at any time;
Eighth, a person's past experience determines his own behavior, which can never be changed;
Ninth, people need to rely on others to live, so they always hope to have a strong person to depend on themselves;
Tenth, people should be very concerned about others and feel sorry for their own problems, so that their feelings can be pinned;
Eleventh, every problem in life must have an accurate answer and a satisfactory solution. If not, it will be very painful.
3. Main methods:
First: Discrimination of irrational beliefs. This is the main method of rational emotional therapy.
Second: cognitive homework. This is in line with the method of distinguishing irrational beliefs.
Third: reasonable emotional imagination. This is to experience situations that you are not used to through imagination.
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