Stefan Zweig (188 1- 1942) is a famous Austrian writer. Since the 1920s, he has "won a wide reputation for his works in German, which is unmatched by English and French works". He is good at using various genres, writing poems, novels, dramas, literary theories and biographies, and also engaged in literary translation, but his works are most famous for biographies and novels.
188 1 year1kloc-0/month 28th, Zweig was born in the home of a wealthy Jewish businessman in Vienna, the capital of Austria-Hungary. He received a good education from an early age and was influenced by the literature and art of the bourgeois upper class. At the age of sixteen, he published a poem in the journal Society in Vienna. 1899 After graduating from high school, he entered the Vienna University to study German and French literature, came into contact with the works of Tolstoy and Dostoevsky, and studied and translated the poems of Baudelaire, Wei Erlun and Vaharun. 1900 I went to Berlin to study for a semester. He felt deeply.
Go to the bottom of society and learn about the life experiences and inner world of some despised lower class people. 1903 received his doctorate.
Zweig's early poems "Silver String" (190 1) and "Early Corolla" (1906), and his novel collection "Love with Erica ewald" (1904) were influenced by the prevailing impressionism and symbolism at that time, and lacked content.
From 1907 to World War I, his creation gradually matured. In addition to Taisiya (1907), A House by the Sea (19 12), Avatar (19 13) and other plays, he also published the first collection of novels.
World War I broke out in 19 14. Zweig published an article "To Foreign Friends" in Berlin Daily (September 19), indicating his loyalty to their friendship and his desire to work with them to rebuild European culture in the future. During the First World War, many famous European writers failed to shake off the influence of narrow nationalism and chauvinism. Only a few people can keep a clear head and stick to the anti-war stance, and Zweig is one of them.
Zweig experienced post-war disasters: famine, cold and inflation; What touched him most was the decline of social morality. The next twenty years were the most prosperous period of his creation, and most of his major works were the products of this period.
On the one hand, biographical works. His three masterpieces (1920) are about Balzac, Dickens and Dostoevsky. Then he wrote romain rolland (192 1). Other biographical works include: Fighting the Devil (1923, describing three psychiatrists, Holdrin, Kleist and Nietzsche), The Famous Hand of Self-portrait (1928, describing Casanova, Stendhal and Tolstoy) and Psychotherapy (193/kloc-).
Freudian school), Maria Antoinette (1932), Maria Stuart (1933), etc. These works express his respect for western European culture with freedom and humanitarianism as its core.
On the other hand, novels. Inner Anxiety is his only novel, written in 1938. The short stories of this period are: fear (1920; Rewritten in 1925), Malay Madman (1922), Letter from an Unknown Woman (1922), Twenty-four Hours in a Woman's Life (1922), Moonlight Hutong (/? He paid special attention to the theme of women's misfortune in bourgeois society.
Expose the emptiness of life and moral corruption in the circle of "civilized people", condemn disrespect for women and harm to people's excellent qualities, and praise sympathy, understanding, kindness and forgiveness. He tries hard to explore the spiritual world of characters, describes the emotional pain caused by moral corruption, reveals various abstract virtues in individual hearts, and even makes degenerate people shine with moral sparks. His aim is to improve the moral concept of capitalist society and people's mental outlook.
1933 Hitler came to power, 1934 Vienna incident. Austrian fascists demanded anschluss, and Zweig had to move to England. 1938, after Austria was merged into Germany, he became a British citizen and soon left Britain for the United States. 1940, he went to Brazil via new york.
1On February 23rd, 942, the Zweigs committed suicide by taking poison in Brazil. Before his death, he finished Yesterday's World-Memoirs of a European, which is the history of his life and his generation. This is the memory of yesterday's world, that is, the bourgeois world that sank in the Second World War. The Story of Chess (194 1), published after his death, is his last novel, which profoundly tells the story of a person's mind and intelligence being destroyed by the Nazis.
Zweig wrote all his life and sympathized with many people's misfortunes. His misfortunes naturally won the sympathy of all anti-fascists.
Stefan Zweig's masterpiece.
be afraid
Moonlight alley
Intangible wealth
Brief einer Unbekannten
Twenty-four hours in a woman's life
Zweig, S. (1881~1942) is an Austrian writer. Born in an entrepreneurial family in Vienna. 1899 after graduating from high school, he studied Xi studies and literature in Vienna and Berlin. 1903 received a doctorate. /kloc-When she was 0/6 years old, she published her first novel in a magazine. 190 1 published the first book of poetry, Yinxian. The first experience, a collection of novels published by 19 1 1, describes the budding psychology of boys and girls in adolescence. He lived in exile in Switzerland during World War I, and his first anti-war drama Jeremiah also premiered in Switzerland. After the war, he witnessed the disaster of the people and the decline of social morality, and used Freud's psychoanalysis to explore the human soul. His works are original, full of humanitarianism and social criticism, especially "with rare tenderness and sympathy" (Gorky language), which has created many unforgettable female images. Malay Madman (1922), Twenty-four Hours in a Woman's Life (1922), Letter from an Unknown Woman (1922) and Emotional Disorder (1927) are all famous works.
1933 Hitler came to power, and Zweig moved to Britain the following year. 1938 became a British citizen. Leave England for America at once. When he arrived in Brazil in 1940, fascist forces were rampant. The writer was desperate when he witnessed the decline of his "spiritual hometown of Europe", so on February 22, 1942, he and his second wife both committed suicide by taking poison in their apartment in the suburbs of Rio de Janeiro. His memoir Yesterday's World (1942), novel Chess Story (194 1) and unfinished long biography Balzac were published one after another after the author's death. 1982 found another novel "Dream of Wealth" in the author's manuscript.
Zweig, S. (1881~1942) is an Austrian writer. Born in an entrepreneurial family in Vienna. 1899 after graduating from high school, he studied Xi studies and literature in Vienna and Berlin. 1903 received a doctorate. /kloc-When she was 0/6 years old, she published her first novel in a magazine. 190 1 published the first book of poetry, Yinxian. The first experience, a collection of novels published by 19 1 1, describes the budding psychology of boys and girls in adolescence. He lived in exile in Switzerland during World War I, and his first anti-war drama Jeremiah also premiered in Switzerland. After the war, he witnessed the disaster of the people and the decline of social morality, and used Freud's psychoanalysis to explore the human soul. His works are original, full of humanitarianism and social criticism, especially "with rare tenderness and sympathy" (Gorky language), which has created many unforgettable female images. Malay Madman (1922), Twenty-four Hours in a Woman's Life (1922), Letter from an Unknown Woman (1922) and Emotional Disorder (1927) are all famous works.
1933 Hitler came to power, and Zweig moved to Britain the following year. 1938 became a British citizen. Leave England for America at once. When he arrived in Brazil in 1940, fascist forces were rampant. The writer was desperate when he witnessed the decline of his "spiritual hometown of Europe", so on February 22, 1942, he and his second wife both committed suicide by taking poison in their apartment in the suburbs of Rio de Janeiro. His memoir Yesterday's World (1942), novel Chess Story (194 1) and unfinished long biography Balzac were published one after another after the author's death. 1982 found another novel "Dream of Wealth" in the author's manuscript.