Xu Teli had been involved in politics long before Mao Zedong was able to distinguish between Republicans and royalists. He still carries the symbol of opposing feudal politics in the imperial era. It was not until 1927 that he became a member of * * * and a judge of bourgeois society.
During the national revolution, Xu Teli was very active in the Kuomintang provincial party headquarters, but he sympathized with * * *. He preached Marxism to students. During the "cleaning", he was chased and had to disappear.
Later the party sent him to Russia, where he studied for two years. After returning home, he broke the blockade and went to Jiangxi. Soon after, he served as a deputy education people's Committee member under Zhai Qiubai. After Zhai Qiubai got into trouble, the Executive Committee appointed Xu Teli as his successor. From then on, he was called Lao Xu, a teacher.
One day, while we were talking, he began to list some of his difficulties humorously. "Almost as we expected," he said, "before we arrived in the northwest, except for a few landlords, officials and businessmen, almost no one could read. The illiteracy rate is almost 95%.
Culturally, this is the darkest corner of the earth. Do you know that people in northern Shaanxi and Gansu actually think that water is harmful to them? On average, people here only take two baths in their lives-once at birth and once at marriage. They don't want to wash their feet, hands, face, nails and hair. More people braid their hair here than anywhere else in China.
In terms of school education, * * * claims to have set up about 200 primary schools, a normal school for primary school teachers, an agricultural school, a textile school, a fifth-grade trade union school and a party school with 400 students. All technical school courses last only six months.
Of course, the emphasis is on military education. Despite the difficulties of this small country, it has made great achievements in this respect in the past two years. There are Red Army universities, cavalry schools and infantry schools, as mentioned above. There is also a broadcasting school and a medical school, which actually only trains nurses. There is an engineering school where students are actually trained as apprentices.
Like the whole Soviet organization, everything is very temporary, mainly as an activity to strengthen the rear of the Red Army and supply cadres for the Red Army. Many teachers are not even middle school graduates. Interestingly, they share everything together. These schools are completely communist, not only in ideology, but also in using the technical knowledge they can search to "improve their cultural level".
Extended data:
Red Star over China, also known as Red Star over China, is an immortal masterpiece of edgar snow, a famous American journalist, and a reportage with beautiful writing and informative materials.
From June 1936 to June 10, the author recorded what he saw and heard in the field interview in the northwest revolutionary base area of China (Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region with Yan 'an as the center), and reported the situation of China, the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army and many Red Army leaders and generals to the whole world. Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Zhu De are the most representative figures in Si Nuo's works.
From June of 1936 to June of 10, the author made an on-the-spot investigation in the northwest revolutionary base area, and completed the writing of Red Star over China according to the first-hand materials he had mastered during the trip. As a western journalist, Si Nuo made an objective evaluation of China and China Revolution, and made a fair report to the whole world.
Si Nuo had many long talks with Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, and collected the first-hand information of the 25,000-mile Long March. In addition, he also conducted on-the-spot investigation, went deep into the Red Army soldiers and ordinary people, and made an extensive and in-depth investigation on the military and civilian life, local political reform, customs and habits in the Soviet area.
During the four-month interview, he wrote 14 notebooks. At the end of 10, Si Nuo returned to Beiping from northern Shaanxi with his interview materials, films and photos. After several months of writing, the English version of Red Star over China and the Chinese version of reportage Red Star over China were finally born.
In The Red Star Shines on China, Si Nuo discusses the background of the China Revolution and the reasons for its development. He judged that because of China's propaganda and concrete actions, the poor and the oppressed had new ideas about the country, society and individuals, and had new beliefs that must be put into action. Only with an ideological arm and a group of determined young people can we carry out a mass struggle against Kuomintang rule for ten years.
He admired the Long March, asserted that it was actually a strategic retreat, and praised it as a heroic epic and an unparalleled expedition in modern history. Si Nuo declared to the world with indisputable facts: China and his revolutionary cause are like a shining red star, shining not only in the northwest of China, but also in China and the whole world.
Another charm of The Red Star Shines on China is that it depicts the indomitable and fearless great struggle of the people of China and the Red Army soldiers, and the great and ordinary mental outlook of their leaders. He interviewed China, Peng, He Long and other Red Army generals face to face, and forged a shallow or deep friendship.
The most important of these is undoubtedly Mao Zedong. Si Nuo accurately grasped the spiritual bond between Mao Zedong and the people of China, who are mainly farmers. No one knows them better than Mao Zedong, and is better at synthesizing, expressing and understanding their wishes. This will profoundly restrict the process of China's modernization in the coming decades, including success and twists and turns.
In this way, Si Nuo's understanding of China has reached an unprecedented height. He discovered a "living China", made a correct prediction of the important role of ordinary China people, especially farmers, in historical creation, discovered the power hidden among hundreds of millions of working people, and asserted that the future of China was in their hands.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Red Star Shines on China