A: makarenko was a famous educational theorist and practitioner in the early Soviet Union. He emphasized collective and collective education. An important part of makarenko's education theory is collective education, and its core idea is "through the collective, in the collective, for the collective", that is, the object of education is the collective, and the main way of education is collective education. In other words, the collective is both the subject and the object of education. The principle of collective education is also called the principle of "parallel educational influence", which means that teachers have the same influence on the collective and every member of the collective, and teachers and the whole class have the same influence on every member. Makarenko believes that there is a close relationship between the collective and the individual, and educating the individual and the collective can be both an educational purpose and an educational object. He said: "Whenever we give an individual an influence, this influence is also an influence on the collective. On the contrary, whenever we participate in the collective, it should also be the education of every individual who constitutes the collective. " Makarenko later summed up his above thoughts with "parallel educational influence", emphasizing that the activities of educating individuals and educational groups should be carried out at the same time, and every educational activity aimed at the collective should receive the dual effects of educating the collective and individuals.