(A) Why change: the four major shortcomings of the traditional classroom: lack of effectiveness, lack of subjectivity, lack of creativity, lack of emotion.
The most extensive of the four defects is the lack of subjectivity and emotion. Mainly manifested in cramming in the classroom, the teaching methods are mostly "cramming", teaching instead of learning, learning emphasizes rote learning and testing "memorizing" skills. Evaluation is only a "fractional theory", and the value of the score is greater than the value of emotion.
(2) How to change:
1, the classroom must realize two major transformations (classroom transformation is the transformation of educational model and educational transformation):
The transformation from teacher-taught classroom to student-learning classroom embodies the concept of "student-based learning". My understanding is that learning must happen to students to be meaningful, otherwise it is "unrequited love".
The change from knowledge-based classroom to student-based classroom embodies the concept of "student-oriented development". My understanding is that while paying attention to knowledge transfer, we should also emphasize the cultivation of ability and emotion. Knowledge is a dead thing, and education is the real beginning if we want to turn dead knowledge into living ability.
2, the implementation of "learning" classroom reform model:
The concept of this model is: "learn first, then guide, help each other, show and evaluate each other", and emphasize "teach with learning, teach with learning first, teach with less learning, and apply learning flexibly"
Three centers, namely, student center, learning center and experience center.
Three characteristics: self-study, mutual learning and exhibition learning. That is, it requires "situational self-study, cooperation and mutual learning, demonstration and encouragement, and promotion of learning". Therefore, this model should implement "three major" actions:
① Learning-based classroom is an outstanding action based on self-study.
Self-study refers to "a reading time activity with clear goals, deep participation in thinking and reflective behavior". My understanding is that self-study has three requirements: clear goals, deep thinking participation and behavioral reflection. Under the guidance of these three requirements, our self-study can get twice the result with half the effort, instead of "herding sheep" and aimlessly teaching. At the same time, it is emphasized that we should set a good goal in self-study, that is, we should emphasize the guidance in self-study rather than the inspection after self-study.
In addition, to do self-study, self-study needs to solve three major problems: self-study time, self-study methods and self-study tools. Self-study time can be arranged outside class or in class. Here, it is advocated to arrange it in class to reduce students' extracurricular burden. For the research and development of self-study tools, at present, learning guidance sheets or learning guidance plans are mostly used. The design of study instruction sheet often adopts the method of asking questions, but asking questions does not mean practicing, and asking questions does not mean practicing. The way to ask questions is to ask more why and less what. What I want to ask is to emphasize a thinking process, but it is precisely that learning and thinking are synchronized. Thinking is the driving force of the classroom.
② Learning-based classroom is an excellent educational action based on "mutual learning". Before going to school, we should deal with the following problems:
1, and the group size is preferably set at 4 to 6 people.
2, seat setting, desk placement should be conducive to students' communication and interaction, which is conducive to teachers walking around among students.
3. The grouping principle is "heterogeneity within groups, homogeneity between groups"
4. Team members divide their work.
5. Carefully set the content of cooperative learning. For students' "blind spots", we should make them bright through cooperation and supplement; For students' "procrastination", we should correct it through cooperative error correction; For the "weakness" of students, we should strengthen the "weakness" through cooperative summary.
6. Teach students how to communicate.
③ "Learning Class" is an excellent educational action based on "Developmental Learning"
Second, why should we emphasize cooperative learning?
It is conducive to correcting the complacency and gloomy mentality of traditional individual learning, advocating cooperation in competition and changing the abnormal competitive culture.
It is beneficial to make up for the shortage of counseling and guidance brought by teachers' group teaching, to determine the new concept that students are the greatest educational resources, and to form a "peer-to-peer" assistance mechanism and management pattern.
It is helpful to make up for the unclear and difficult problems brought by the traditional lecture-based classroom. Establish a new concept of "teaching by learning" and enhance the pertinence and effectiveness of teaching.
Cooperative learning should be avoided: formal cooperative learning, elite communication objects, and unsustainable display learning.
Third, about students learning first.
Learning first means students' autonomous learning, and its main purpose is to activate students through autonomous learning instead of teaching them to death, so as to avoid simplification, homogenization and patterning of thinking mode. This is why the difference between traditional education and modern education is that traditional education advocates "teaching first" while modern education advocates "learning first". At the same time, Dean Gong pointed out that in the process of students learning first, three problems need to be solved, namely, the time, the way and the tools of autonomous learning. In particular, we should pay attention to solving the tool problem of autonomous learning. At present, primary and secondary schools pay attention to guiding plans or sheets as the main tools for students' autonomous learning.
Fourth, about the tutorial case.
When talking about students' autonomous learning, Dean Gong analyzed the current situation of autonomous teaching in primary and secondary schools in China, and pointed out that the development principle of autonomous teaching list is functional learning guidance, that is, learning guidance should be problem-oriented, problem-oriented and thinking-oriented. In the process of using counseling plan or counseling sheet, we should avoid the misunderstanding of generalization and fuzzy function, strengthen the self-study guidance function of counseling plan, change the problem-based counseling plan into problem-based counseling plan, and change the back test of counseling plan into forward-looking guidance.
Five, about group cooperative learning.
In the lecture, Dean Gong elaborated on group cooperative learning, and put forward three effective ways of cooperative learning-mutual cooperation in knowledge, mutual cooperation in activities, and mutual cooperation in problem solving. The specific application occasions of the three cooperation modes are clarified. Knowledge mutual inquiry and cooperation is mainly used to consolidate and strengthen basic knowledge, relying on groups to make everyone open and clear. The application of the three modes of cooperation requires a clear division of labor, strengthening the responsibility of members, and ensuring that everyone has something to do. The situation suitable for cooperative learning is clarified: first, a consensus can be basically reached; Secondly, the teaching of this course is difficult; Finally, difficult questions can stimulate students' thinking excitement.
Cooperative learning is conducive to correcting the disadvantages of traditional learning methods, advocating cooperation in competition and changing the abnormal competitive culture; It is beneficial to make up for the lack of guidance and guidance brought by teachers' teaching in groups, establish a new concept that students are the greatest educational resources, and form a "point-to-point" precise assistance mechanism and management pattern; It is beneficial to change the situation that teachers give lectures, students accept lectures and students are independent in traditional lecture-based classrooms. In the process of developing group cooperative learning, we should prevent the formalization of group cooperative learning and avoid the marginalization, shallowness and low quality of cooperative learning.
Sixth, about exhibition evaluation learning.
Display learning is display learning, which is conducive to mobilizing students to discuss and interact around problems, and has the functions of learning motivation, learning feedback and learning promotion. In view of the problems existing in the exhibition, such as more gifted students and less poor students, more passive ones and less active ones, more intellectual problems and more simple ones, and less effective promotion, Dean Gong put forward corresponding strategies. First, strengthen the evaluation guidance, move towards the integration of exhibition and evaluation, and realize the added value of exhibition in the interaction between students; The second is to activate the learning guidance mode, move towards the integration of exhibition and guidance, and realize value-added in the interaction between teachers and students.
1. Understanding of communication learning function. Dean Gong suggested that we do the two links of self-study and mutual learning well, but we often ignore the display link. Teachers do more exercises for the class and don't want to waste time in the presentation. In fact, the real function of demonstration learning is to expose learning defects, test learning effects, and mobilize the resources of the whole class to get twice the result with half the effort.
2. Design of display content. The selection of exhibition content determines the efficiency and effect of the exhibition. There are two basic types of content selection in learning-based teaching-comprehensive display and selective display; In the choice of topic types, the scattered exhibition and the concentrated exhibition have their own options and advantages and disadvantages, which should be flexibly used in combination with the actual classroom. Many teachers complain that the teaching progress can't be completed, mainly because of the excessive use of scattered exhibitions. The basic strategy to solve this problem is to change the scattered points into concentrated exhibitions, focus on the main problems, and develop or not develop the problems that can be solved by independent inquiry.
3. Selection of display mode. In his lecture, Dean Gong explained that group cooperative learning, individual presentation and group cooperative presentation have unique values and functions. Because individual and group exhibitions can give students more opportunities, the more opportunities, the more they can fully stimulate and awaken students, which is particularly beneficial to solve the inferiority and cowardice of underachievers.
Seven, about teachers' knowledge update
As a teacher, practical experience is wealth, but it may also be a fetter. Because too much practical experience sometimes hinders teachers' acceptance of new knowledge, and can also temporarily cover up teachers' lack of new knowledge. Over time, it will inevitably lead to teachers' lack of knowledge. Teachers who lack knowledge only rely on old teaching experience, which will naturally lead to the decline or even lack of various abilities. At this time, outdated teaching experience has become an obstacle to the development and improvement of teachers' teaching ability. Therefore, for a teacher, this kind of study and training is very necessary and valuable. Teachers should actively participate in the curriculum reform, not be bystanders, but push the curriculum reform to develop in the right direction and be the implementers of the curriculum reform.
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