Wenshan County is located in the southeast of Yunnan Province and the west of Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture. The county is 63 kilometers wide from east to west and 66 kilometers long from north to south, with a total area of 2,972 square kilometers. Most areas belong to the subtropical monsoon climate in the westerlies. The highest altitude is 299 1.2m and the lowest altitude is 6 18m. The population of the county is 4 190 18, of which ethnic minorities account for 54%. Notoginseng, a rare and special medicinal material in this county, ranks first in the country in terms of output and quality.
Wenshan county is a multi-ethnic county. Ethnic minorities 12, mostly Zhuang, Yi and Miao. Due to the large number of ethnic groups, it shows a rich and colorful national culture and customs. The population distribution of the county is obvious: the urban population is relatively concentrated, and the dam area, semi-mountainous area and alpine mountain area are relatively scarce.
Geographical climate
Wenshan County is located in the west of southeast Yunnan, between east longitude103 43 ′-104 27 ′ and north latitude 2316 ′-23 44 ′, on both sides of the Tropic of Cancer. It is connected with Yanshan Mountains in the east and north, Maguan County in the south, Xichou County in the southeast and Mengzi and Pingbian County in Honghe Prefecture in the west. The county is 63 kilometers long from east to west and 66 kilometers long from north to south, with a total area of 2,972 square kilometers. The county seat is the political, economic and cultural center of Wenshan Prefecture. There are trunk highways around: 369 kilometers north of Kunming, the provincial capital, 675 kilometers east of Nanning, Guangxi, 122 kilometers south of Gonggang, 168 kilometers south of Hekou Port and 128 kilometers west of Mengzi County, Honghe Prefecture.
Wenshan county belongs to the karst mountain plain area in southeast Yunnan, with rolling mountains and ravines. Bozhu Mountain, the highest peak, is 299 1.2 meters above sea level, making it the first peak in southeast Yunnan. The lowest Guo Na Canyon is 618m above sea level and 2372m away from the highest peak, forming the largest alpine canyon in the county. There is a great difference between high altitude and low altitude, which has the characteristics of diverse landforms and three-dimensional climate.
A diverse climate. The climate characteristics of Wenshan county are: long spring and autumn, short winter and summer, and little difference among the four seasons. Wenshan has a warm climate all year round, with an annual average temperature of12.8℃-18.1℃, a monthly maximum temperature of 16.8℃-23℃ and a minimum temperature of 7.2℃- 10.6℃. The sunshine time is long, with an average annual sunshine of 3 19 days and 2023438+0 hours; Annual accumulated temperature is 6502℃; Land evaporation is1780.2 mm; There may be frost in 2008, but the frost-free period is long, with an average of 359 days and occasional light snow; Abundant rainfall, with an average annual rainfall of 146.4 days, 992.7mm..
administrative division
In the eighth year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1730), Wenshan County was established. The jurisdiction is, Yongping, Annan, Wangnong, Dong 'an, Lelong, and Jiangnabali. Later, Lelong divided nine new towns, including Jia and Bai, all of which belonged to the original three long lawsuits. In the 25th year of Jiaqing (1820), Anpingtang, Ma Gaiming, administered by, Yongping, Dongan and Wenshan County. 1 year, the county government was established. In 2 years (19 13), the southern district was included in Jingbian administrative region. Wenshan County is southwest to Ganyu Cave, connected with Xuliuma, and bounded by Guona River 1 10 km, with a total area of 6,258 square kilometers. 10 September, Wenshan county was fully established. 18 (1929) county organization law was promulgated. 19, the county government was reorganized into county 0, and autonomous organs at all levels were organized. 2 1 year, Yanshan administrative office was established in the east, and Wenshan county covers an area of 2935 kilometers. The county was reorganized into 8 districts, with jurisdiction over 1 1 town and 2 1 township. In the 26th year of the Republic of China (1937), in order to mobilize all-round anti-Japanese war, the county was divided into districts, townships and towns as 2 16 Bao and 1922A according to the Garbo Regulations passed in. In 28 years, the district system was abolished and the town was expanded. Counties are newly organized into five towns, 1 1 township, 194 package, 1866A. In 32 years (1943), the county 16 town was changed to 155 Bao and 1272A. In 37 years, it was adjusted to 134 treasure,1061a.
1950 1 The county was liberated and its jurisdiction remained unchanged. Except for the county town and Wei Yun town, Taiji (changed to Yongle) and Xinping Township are directly under the jurisdiction of the county, with four districts, namely Pingba, Matang, Binglie and Dehou, and three towns, namely township 1 1. In May, five districts were set up in towns and villages, and the county was organized into 50 administrative villages and 5 administrative streets, with natural villages and villagers' groups under its jurisdiction. 195 1 year1October, 7 administrative villages in the central area and 2 administrative villages in Budu and Tangzizhai in Heping dam area were merged into Panzhihua District, with Chengguan District in the county and 6 districts under its jurisdiction. The land reform ended with 1952, and 97 townships were built in 6 districts of the county. 1953 the land reform review has been completed, which consists of 74 townships and 3 residents' committees. 1954 except chengguan district, it was adjusted to 8 1 township, 760 natural villages in the county, and 2 1 street group.
1May, 957, eight townships in Wenshan County, namely Mingjiu, Yangliuhe, Mengla, Shesuoba, Yangcaotang, Bainiuchang, Laozhai and Gubulong, were far away from the county seat and included in Mengzi County. The total area of Wenshan County has been reduced to 2634 square kilometers. There are 6 districts, 73 townships and 3 neighborhood committees in the county. 1September, 958, the abandoned area was withdrawn from the township, and the people's commune was established. Gumu and Bazhai in Maguan County are divided into 12 townships and merged into Wenshan County, with a total area of 6,844.55 square kilometers. 196 1 August, the Yanshan county system was restored, and the total area of Wenshan county was reduced to 2867 square kilometers.
1 987 65438+February, the district and township system was reformed, and the district was changed to 16 townships (including 5 Yi townships and 0 Hui townships), 1 town, and the commune system was abolished. The original township was changed to 125 administrative village office. As a county, Hua Kai Town still has five offices. The county has jurisdiction over 1097 natural villages, 13 rural streets and 47 urban streets, with a total of 1707 production teams. Labaichong and Tuoga townships were placed under Yanshan County, and the total area of Wenshan County was reduced to 2,972 square kilometers, which has remained stable since then.
199 1 year, the county production team was transformed into an agricultural cooperative. 1993, the towns, administrative villages and offices of the county remain unchanged, with jurisdiction over116 natural villages and 148 1 cooperative. In August 2000, there were 9 towns and 8 townships, 125 villagers' committees, 5 residents' committees, 1088 natural villages and 153 1 cooperative (production team) in the county.
By the end of 2005, the county had jurisdiction over 8 towns including Hua Kai, Gumu, Pingba, Matang, Dehou, Xiaojie, Zhuili Street and Laohuilong, and 8 towns including Xinjie, Xigu, Leshichong, Dongshan, Liu Jing, Simba, Binglieyi and Hongdianhui. There are 16 townships in the county.
Population and nationality
Wenshan county is located in the southwest border of the motherland and belongs to a multi-ethnic area in geography. According to the fifth national census in 2000, the county is inhabited by Han, Zhuang, Miao, Yi, Hui, Dai, Yao, Bai and Su nationalities 12. The total population is 4,296.64 million (including migrants), including 2,349.75 million ethnic minorities, accounting for 54.69%, 258,846 agricultural population, accounting for 60.24% of the total population, and non-agricultural population 1.708654.38+0.8 million, accounting for 39.76% of the total population. There are obvious differences in population distribution: the urban population is relatively concentrated, the density of dam area is higher than that of mid-mountain area, and the mid-mountain area is higher than that of mountainous area. The alpine mountainous area is vast and sparsely populated. Wenshan has a long history and a long history of national culture. In the long historical development process, all ethnic groups have created rich and colorful national culture and folk art with strong local and national characteristics. Miao, Zhuang and Yi are the most representative.
Wenshan Miao's ancestral home is mostly Hunan and Guizhou. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, there was a record of "Miao sheep" in the wedding of toast in Yunnan and Guizhou. Later, it was introduced from the west, and by the middle of Qing Dynasty, it had spread in the mountainous area in the west of the county. Most of the land in Miao residential areas is barren and short of water, mainly planting corn, buckwheat and other miscellaneous grains and potatoes. Miao women wear colorful embroidered round heads, and all kinds of round beads and flower tassels are hung around them. Wear big silver earrings. The coat is embroidered with a red square pattern, and the belt is the square decoration of the whole dress. It consists of two parts with widths of 8 and 5 respectively. It is rusted with colored silk thread, and all kinds of beads, coins and colored wool are dotted at its lower end. When walking, you can swing from side to side with the skirt, melodious and beautiful. Leggings are triangular black cloth embroidered with patterns and lace. Men generally like to wear many clothes, including 7 pairs of buttons, twisted crotch pants with slightly shorter waist and slightly larger legs, leggings and sandals on their calves. Besides the Spring Festival, the biggest traditional festival of Miao nationality in a year is "Walking on Huashan Mountain", which is usually held on the third day of the first lunar month and lasts for five days. The main activities are young men and women singing folk songs and talking about love. There are bullfighting, horse racing, flower pole climbing, Lusheng dance, playing various national musical instruments and other activities on Huashan field, which are very lively until late at night.
The Zhuang people in Wenshan County include the Tu people who call themselves Budai and Budai and the Nong people who call themselves Bunong. Zhuang people have always lived by mountains and rivers, mainly planting rice and dry land grain and cotton, and are good at weaving and dyeing. Cloth peasant women's clothes, steamed buns and skirts are all made of self-woven white cloth, dyed cyan with indigo, coated with taro, and polished with goose eggs on a smooth slate, which is shiny and rustling. Most of the ornaments are silver, with silver collars and chains around their necks. Men wear double-breasted clothes, usually ordinary clothes with 7 pairs of cloth buttons. Young adults usually wear all kinds of fashionable clothes and keep up with the social trends. Budai and Budai are similar to Bunon in dress.
The Yi people in Wenshan County include two branches: Pula and Luoluo. Luo Luo lives in the valley area, mainly engaged in water agriculture, combined with a small amount of dry farming. Prado lives in arid mountainous areas with harsh natural conditions. Women wear flowery handkerchiefs, cardigans, wide pants, a waist around their chests, a silver chain around their necks, a small belt around their waists, and flowery shoes on their feet. Men wear clothes with social trends.
For a long time, due to mutual recuperation and intermarriage, brothers of all ethnic groups live in harmony, learn from each other's strengths and make progress together. The customs of all ethnic groups have similarities and their own characteristics, forming their own unique national literature, folk art, national music and dance, and national customs, which together constitute a rich and colorful national culture. Under the cordial care of the party and the people, the people of all ethnic groups in the county are like one family, United as one, and work hard to build a beautiful home together.
cultural relic
Wenshan county has a long history and human beings have lived here for a long time. It is ancient and magical, with a history of more than 2000 years. In BC 1 165438, the Western Han Dynasty established a county in the southwest, and Wenshan County became an inseparable part of the motherland. Since then, thousands of dynasties have changed and the situation has changed. Wenshan people have always been closely related to the fate of the whole Chinese nation. The people of all ethnic groups in Wenshan County have made outstanding contributions in the historical process of developing, building and defending the frontier, enriching the development history of the Chinese nation.
In the 1980s, the blood of Wenshan soldiers and civilians forged the selfless dedication of Laoshan spirit and nurtured the sons and daughters of China. People of all ethnic groups in Wenshan County are constantly creating their own lives with diligence and wisdom, creating the history of Wenshan and loving the motherland and homeland. Chu Tunan, a famous writer, translator, calligrapher, social activist, professor and former vice chairman of the National People's Congress, is an outstanding figure bred in this land with profound national historical and cultural accumulation.
In 2002 1,1year1October, the Central Civilization Office confirmed the list of cities nominated for national civilized cities in the founding period of 20021-2023, and wenshan city was on the list.
On June 5438+February 2, 20201day, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development named wenshan city as a national model city, county and village for barrier-free environment.
2020125 October, 165438+ The Ministry of Water Resources announced the third batch of counties (districts) that reached the standard for the construction of water-saving society, and wenshan city was on the list.
On September 22nd, 2020, the list of "Top 100 Counties and Cities in Western China in 2020" was published, and wenshan city ranked 39th.
On August 27th, 20 19, the People's Government of Yunnan Province listed wenshan city as a "one county, one industry" demonstration county in Yunnan Province, and the representative industry was the Chinese herbal medicine industry (Sanqi).
On July 30th, 20 19, the National Health and Wellness Commission and state administration of traditional chinese medicine decided that wenshan city should be a pilot city for the construction of urban medical complex.
20 18, 10 in June, wenshan city was selected as one of the top 100 counties and cities in western China in 20 18, ranking 4 1.
On February 22nd, 20 18, wenshan city was included in the list of counties (cities, districts) with basically balanced development of compulsory education in China in 20 17.