(1) Only officials have books, but the people have no books.
During the Western Zhou Dynasty, the production level was still limited. The writing materials are bamboo slips and wooden slips, and the writing tools are knives and pens. Books made of clumsy tools and clumsy materials are not only extremely heavy, but also very expensive. Only the government has the financial resources and manpower to make books. In order to meet the political needs, the imperial court recorded imperial edicts, calligraphy, training, letters patent, etiquette and regulations of the dynasty, and collected music movements, made them into volumes, and hid them in the secret room, and the lawsuit was under the control. There is only one copy of these books, which is not copied and printed. The people only know the title of the book, but not the book, so the academics are in the government, and officials are responsible for it. If a scholar wants to learn, he must know the codes of previous dynasties or the rules of the current dynasty. Only when he goes to the government to ask for a lawsuit in charge of the book can he read it.
(2) Only officials have tools, and the people have no tools.
Rites, music, dancing and shooting in the Western Zhou Dynasty are all important academic subjects, and they are also important subjects in education. Learning these subjects depends not only on word of mouth, but also on equipment, which is the condition of practical operation. Some of these artifacts can't even be owned by the township party, let alone ordinary people. Therefore, to learn manners, music, dancing and shooting, only people in the government have the conditions.
(3) Only officials have learning, and the people have no learning.
Under the patriarchal clan system, the father dies and the son succeeds, and the son inherits the father's business. The noble is ultimately expensive, and the lowly is ultimately cheap, forming a family with a career. Those whose possessions are passed down from generation to generation are called domain people; Father and son live in succession, and their officials are called domain officials. As a scholar, as an official, I am committed to learning, not passing it on to others, but only teaching my son. When children enter the government, they learn from their father, which is called the children of the domain people. This situation is that officials in the world learn from their parents, resulting in academic monopoly, especially specialized academics, which are only taught in a very small circle. Although they played a role in preserving academics, they restricted their development. Only an official can master academic knowledge and educate children with the government as the teaching base. Only official schools, not private schools, only aristocratic children have the right to education, while Shu Ren and civilians have no right to education.