Officials of the Qing Dynasty were divided into "Nine Grades and Eighteen Grades", each of which was different. Those who are not within the eighteenth grade are called unworthy and attached to the ninth grade.
Zhengyipin: the steamer
Civilian Beijing officials: Taishi, Taifu, Taibao and honorary official positions, equivalent to the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the National People's Congress, the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and other Diange university students.
Civilian diplomatic officer: none.
Wu Zhi Jing Guan: Minister of Security, Commander of Beijing Military Region, Minister of Etiquette and Health, Director of Central Organ Affairs Bureau, Director of Security.
Diplomat Wu Zhi: No.
From the first grade: the national grade is reduced.
Civil officials: Shao Shi, Shaofu, Shaobao, Prince Taishi, Prince Taifu and Prince Taibao, honorary official positions, equivalent to deputies to the National People's Congress and CPPCC.
Co-organizers: Member of the Political Bureau of the University, Vice Premier and Ministers of Ministries and Institutes, Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Governor of Ducha Institute, and Chief Inspector.
Civilian diplomatic officer: none.
Wu Zhi Jing Guan: Beijing Garrison Commander, Commander of the 5th Battalion of Jiumenbu Army, Director of Beijing Public Security Bureau and Minister of Interior.
Wu Zhi Foreign Officials: Commander of the General Eight Banners Army Military Region, Commander of the Eight Banners Army Capital and the Capital Military Region, and Commander of the Prefect green camp Military Region.
Positive second product: sub-national level
Official Beijing Official: Prince Shao Shi, Prince Shaofu and Prince Shaobao are honorary titles, equivalent to Chairman of the Federation of Trade Unions, State Councilor, Assistant to Ministers of Ministries and Institutes, and Director of the Central Office of the General Manager of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Civilian diplomats: regional secretaries of provincial governors, such as the former Northeast Bureau and North China Bureau.
Wuzhi Jingguan: The left and right forward battalions command the commander of the Central Guard Corps, the commander of the Eight Banners Guard Corps and the Central Guard of Honor.
Wu Zhi Foreign Officer: Deputy Commander-in-Chief, Commander of green camp Army.
From the second product: ministerial level
Civilian kyou-kan: State Councilor of Bachelor of Cabinet, President of imperial academy Bachelor of Social Sciences.
Civilian foreign officials: governor, secretary of the provincial party Committee and minister of foreign affairs.
Wu Zhi Jing Guan: Minister of Scattered Ranks.
Wu Zhi Diplomatic Officer: Lieutenant General.
Positive three products: deputy ministerial level
Civilian Beijing officials: Deputy Secretary of the Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC Central Committee, left and right inspectors of the inspector group, Zong Renfu, director of the Letters and Calls Office of the General Political Department, Zhan Shi, Zhan Shifu and Taichang Temple, presidents of the Supreme Court of Dali Temple.
Civilian foreign officials: mayor of Beijing Shuntianfu magistrate, mayor of Fengtianfu municipality directly under the Central Government, provincial judge and secretary of the Provincial Discipline Inspection Commission.
Wu Zhixiao: First-class bodyguard, wingman of Firearms Camp, wingman of Jianrui Camp, vanguard guard,
Military leaders of Xiao Qi, Wang Fu and Changshi.
Foreign officials of Wu Zhi: city guards, generals and commanders.
From the third category: deputy ministerial level reduction
Civilian Beijing official: Secretary of Guanglu Temple and Secretary of Taibu Temple.
Civilian diplomats: all transferred to salt ambassadors.
Wu Zhi's contemplation: Wang Fu's Royal Guards, Royal Guards and First-class Royal Guards.
Foreign officials of Wuzhi: guerrilla, five banners participating, combining, advocating, commanding and knowing.
Positive four products: departmental plus
Civilian Beijing Official: Deputy Director of the General Political Department, Deputy Director of the Central Letters and Calls Office, Vice President of the Supreme Court of Shao Qing in Dali Temple, Shao Shi of the Exhibition Hall, Shao Qing of Taichang Temple, Shao Qing of Taipu Temple, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Honglin Temple, and Minister in charge of the Sixth Division of Inspections.
Foreign officials in Beijing: Shun Tianfu, deputy mayor of Beijing, deputy mayor of Fengtianfu, secretary of the provincial inspection Committee,
Wu Zhi Jing Guan: second-class bodyguard, ambassador Yun Hui, deputy guard, deputy striker, deputy Xiao Qi,
Head of camel factory of Taibus Temple Horse Factory, master of ceremonies of Baylor House, foreman of guards.
Foreign officials in the military service: national defense commander, deputy commander, commander, commander and messenger.
From four products: department level
Official Beijing Official: Bachelor of The Cabinetshi Read, Bachelor of Hanlin, Bachelor of Hanlin's Lecturing, President of the Central Party School of imperial academy Province.
Civilian Foreign Officials: Secretary of Zhifu Municipal Party Committee, Secretary of Tuzhifu Autonomous City Municipal Party Committee, and Secretary of Salt Transport Department Yuntong.
Wuzhi Jingguan: city gate collar, coated assistant guard collar, coated assistant seven collar, coated assistant guard collar,
Level 4 ceremony and level 2 guard
Wu Zhi's overseas official: Ambassador Fu Xuan and Deputy Ambassador of Ambassador Xuanwei.
Positive five products: department reduction
Civilians kyou-kan: Zuo you Chunfang illegitimate child, counselor of the General Political Department, Shao Qing of Guanglu Temple, Gezhong,
Director Zong Renfu, director of ministries and commissions, president of Taiyuan Hospital.
Civil servants: tongzhi, tongzhi and well-known.
Wu Zhi Jing Guan: Third-class bodyguard, Zhi Yizheng, deputy commander of the army deployment in the army deployment officer school, trusted officer in the army supervision, and assistant in charge of the leadership.
Foreign officials in Wuzhi: guard the customs, guard, guard, preach, comfort the ministers and preach, so that the ministers can know their colleagues and thousands of families.
From five categories: above the deputy department level
Civil official kyou-kan: imperial academy's reading assistant, imperial academy's lecture assistant, Shao Qing of Quik Temple, and Ma Xi of Economic Department.
Vice President, Ambassador and Foreign Minister of Zongrenyuan
Civilian foreign officials: secretaries of prefectures and counties directly under prefectures, deputy envoys of the Salt Transportation Department, and salt promotion department.
Wu zhi Jing Guan: four-level guards, Commissioner pioneer, Commissioner guard, Commissioner shotgun guard,
Entrusted by the vanguard guards, the five flags were painted, the five products were celebrated, and Zhang Jing was sealed.
Third-class escort
Wu zhi's overseas officials: chief Qian, chief garrison officer, he ying, assistant garrison officer, appeasement envoy, solicitation envoy, propaganda envoy, assistant envoy,
Deputy thousand households
Positive six products: the deputy department level has decreased.
Civil officials: The Cabinetshi Read, Zuo Youchun, Fang Zhongyun, imperial academy, director, director,
The incident and experience of Duchayuan, the left and right temples of Dali Temple, and the experience of Zongren House,
Taichang Temple Manhan Temple, Qin, Qin, Han, spring, summer, autumn and winter, five senses,
God music department, monk record department and Taoist record department.
Civil servants and foreign officials: Judge Jing Fu, Judge Jing County, Judge Tong and Judge Tu.
Wu zhi Jing Guan: lanling bodyguard, commander-in-chief, pro-military school, pioneer military school, military school, shotgun military school,
Primary seven school, the appointment department of military academy.
Foreign officials stationed in Wuzhi: General Men Qianzong, General Ying Qianzong, Minister Fu Xuan, Minister Tong Zhi, Vice Minister Zhao Qiu,
Sir, ambassador, hundreds of families
From six products: county-level plus
Civil servants: Zuoyou Chunfang praised goodness, edited by Hanlin Academy, and rectified Guanglu Temple.
Keywords Qin Manchu Mongolian facial features, Han Jun Zheng, Yong Bu Zheng,
The monk recording department explains the teaching from left to right, and the Taoist recording department plays from left to right.
Civil servants and foreign officials: Chief Secretary's experience, reasoning, approval, Zhili, Tongzhou and Tuzhoutong.
Six-product Lan Lingchang and six-product ritual vessels of the Interior Office.
Foreign official of Wu Zhi: Qian Wei, general manager, deputy ambassador of Anfu Ambassador Department.
Positive seven products: county level
Civil servants: editor of Hanlin Academy, judge of Dali Temple, doctor of Taichang Temple, supervisor of imperial academy,
Keywords cabinet classics, experience of General Political Department, governor, Taichang Temple classics, Taibu Temple master book,
Treasurer of the Ministry Temple, Deputy Commander of the Military Division, Manchu Bible Reading Officer Lang of Taichang Temple,
Ming Zan in Manzhouli, Hongqiao Temple
Civilian foreign officials: Cheng, deputy magistrate of Duxian County, Jing County, Professor Shuntianfu Manchuria, discipline inspection and supervision officer, secretary of the county party committee of a county, experience and professor of the Ministry of Supervision.
Wu Zhi Jing Guan: the history of the city gate, the deputy head of Taipusi Horse Factory.
Wu zhi's overseas officials: general manager, vice minister of peace and security, and vice minister of long-term litigation department.
From seven products: deputy division level
Civilian Beijing official: imperial academy's review, the experience of observing etiquette, the Chinese book in the Chinese book department, the Chinese book in the cabinet, and the master book of Zhan Shifu,
Guanglu Temple official, Dianbo, Dr. imperial academy, teaching assistant, Qin Lingtaro,
The sacrifice department offers sacrifices and the voice department is sincere.
Officials outside Beijing: Beijing government experience, chief secretary experience, salt transportation department experience, zhili state judgment, state judgment,
Tuzhou sentence
Wu Zhi kyou-kan: seven ritual vessels.
Foreign official Wu Zhi: Deputy Commandant of Shengjing Nomadic.
Positive eight products: department level
Civil officials: Siwu, a doctor of the Five Classics in imperial academy, Qin Jian, a physician of Taiyuan,
In Taichang Temple, Xie Lvlang, monks and clerks give lectures around, and Lu Dao Temple gives lectures around.
Civilian foreign officials: chief secretary, ambassador of the Ministry of Finance, ambassador of the treasurer of salt transportation, ambassador of the Ministry of Finance of Salt Road, ambassador of the Salt Division,
Ambassadors of laboratories, chiefs of inspection departments, government experience, county heads, county heads,
Four learning records, state learning correction and teaching guidance
Wu Zhi kyou-guan: No.
Wu Zhi Diplomatic Officer: Commissioner Qian.
From eight products: rice
Civil servants: imperial academy, imperial academy, Split Temple, Qin,,
Sacrifice Department, Divine Music Department, Buddhist monks and nuns' sense of justice department, and Taoist records' sense of justice department.
Civil servants: Chief Secretary Zhao Mo, Governor of Salt Transportation Department, Ji.
Wu Zhi Jing Guan: Eight Gifts, Pro-Military Academy, Forward School, Military Academy and Xiaoqi School.
Diplomat Wu Zhi: No.
Authentic: inventory level
Civil officials: the fourth translation assistant of the Ministry of Rites, Qin Tianjian, the treasurer, and Han Li Zanlang of Taichang Temple.
Civil officials and foreign officials: according to the procuratorate, the governor of the government, the governor of the same knowledge, the governor of the judge, and the princess.
Wu Zhi Jing Guan: the commander of Lanling in each battalion.
Wu Zhi Diplomatic Officer: General Manager of Foreign Affairs Committee
From the ninth grade: deputy stock level
Civil officials: imperial academy Zhao Shi, Manchu Confucius, four translators of the Ministry of Rites, official sequence class, imperial academy classics,
Han You, Xu Ban, supervisor of punishments, Qin You, doctor,
Imperial hospital official, imperial temple musician, craftsman of the Ministry of Industry.
Civilian foreign officials; The government shines, the state official, the Taoist ambassador, the propaganda department ambassador, the government tax secretary ambassador,
Warden, warehouse ambassador, inspector and soil inspector.
Wu Zhigong: Assistant Director of Taibus Temple Horse Factory Committee.
Wu Zhi Diplomatic Officer: Extra commission.
Dirty: ordinary clerk
Beijing civil servants: Confucius of the Hanlin Academy, treasurer of Ducha Academy, ambassador of the Bureau of Casting and Printing of the Ministry of Rites, military commander,
Deputy Minister Chongwenmen
Civilian foreign officials: the history of Dian, the history of Tu Dian, the customs envoy, the government inspection school, the chief prosecutor, and the ambassador of the tea inspection office.
Salt tea ambassador, Cheng, Hepo court official, Zhuo official, Daoxian warehouse ambassador.
Wu Zhi kyou-guan: No.
Foreign officials of Wu Zhi: Bai Chang, Tu Youyou, Mutu.
Actual combat of ancient and modern official positions
There are two kinds of official positions in ancient China: one is an official position with actual administrative functions, and the other is an official position representing bureaucratic tastes. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, the forms and sources of taste grades, the number and categories of taste official positions in past dynasties have changed from time to time and are complicated, and every subtle change can reflect the relevant political changes. By analyzing the reasons, we can see some important features of China's ancient political system.
The titles of bureaucrats in Qin and Han dynasties were quite concise, and most of them were just an official position. Titles such as "General Fu leads the history" are rare. However, after the Han Dynasty, it was different. Bureaucratic titles overlap, such as "Chief Tusi, Yan Xu, North Yan Xu, South Qing Ji, and General of Six Countries are the ranks, and three departments record the history of the secretariat of Jinling in South Xuzhou", "Chief Tusi, Chief Qiu Gong Shangshu, Chief Tusi, Chief Ding Cang Ying You Yin, and Chief Zuo Guanglu".
Even after the Wei and Jin Dynasties, immortals were more capable than Qin and Han Dynasties, and barely managed more than a dozen posts. In fact, these piles of official titles are different in nature, and they may not all correspond to a job. Many of them are just used to add luster, increase qualifications and give treatment. For example, "scholar" and "three-seven-year-old scholar" are plus signs, and people who add them can wear mink and cicada, which is much more arrogant. "Special progress" is also a title increase, so that the number of shifts can be reduced to less than three. Adding the "Three Divisions of Opening a Mansion Ceremony" can open a mansion, get married and enjoy the same etiquette as the three fairs. A title of generals in ancient times is not a rank, but a rank. It is called "a certain rank" only because it is called a military name, and civil servants often use "a certain general" to mark their ranks. The scattered official "Dr. Zuo Guanglu" was used to mark the rank of civil servants, which was also found in the military posts of the Northern Dynasties. In addition, the above titles also include part-time titles and knight titles. At this time, the performance of bureaucrats may not exceed that of Qin and Han dynasties, but the official titles that can be boasted are colorful and dazzling.
From this point of view, there were at least two types of official positions in the ancient structure of China: one was responsible for the actual administrative functions such as military punishment, supervision and assessment, and the other was mainly used to arrange bureaucratic ranks, which belonged to "rank posts". The power and responsibility provisions of the latter title are sometimes only nominal, but they have a flavor that cannot be ignored: they are used to increase expectations, give treatment, confirm grades, provide starting posts or transfer ladders, provide candidates, reserve talents or arrange redundant posts. A long list of official titles collected earlier, many of them are such official titles. Of course, between functional and tasteful official positions, there are also a large number of officials with strong functions and tastes.
With the further development of hierarchical official positions, a three-level system was formed, which was particularly prominent in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Take the Tang system as an example. At that time, all officials were composed of officials. The ranks of civil and military officers are all 29, and they are named "doctor", "lang" or "general" and "captain" respectively. Anyone who has a thorough understanding of ancient history will know that these doctors and generals are no longer official positions, but just mark the rank numbers of grades like modern ranks. There is no consistency between official ranks and official ranks, so some terms such as "doing" and "keeping" have been developed to standardize them. At the beginning of his career, officials first obtained the rank of sub-officer; When he was removed from office at the end of his term, his rank was still maintained; When awarding professional officials, the degree of grade separation is a factor that must be considered. In the past, many benefits were subordinate to the third level, such as salary, exemption from classes in abel tamata, punishment, class orders, cars and clothes, and so on. In addition, it also involves the treatment of officials, titles, weddings, funerals, discussions and so on. At a time in the early Northern Song Dynasty, "escort officials" were rank officials. The narrative hierarchy and advanced system in the Tang and Song Dynasties are so complicated that people are dizzy.
In the modern civil service hierarchy, there are two different types of classification by rank and position. The grading of taste is aimed at the grading of personnel qualifications, which is manifested as the official rank of walking with others; Job classification only determines the remuneration and grade according to the job responsibilities, and there is no official rank. The "separation of posts and titles" in the Tang and Song Dynasties obviously belonged to hierarchical classification.
Honor and chivalry
On the basis of the previous generation, the Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties and Song Dynasties established the honorific system with certain content and clear system, including civil and military officials, honours, ranks, grades, titles and so on. The title system is an important part of the bureaucratic system, which is not only related to professional officials, but also independent of the normal official system. The main contents and functions are introduced as follows.
In the Tang Dynasty, officials of civil and military affairs regarded it as an eye-catching thing to set up a class and a level of promotion according to seniority. "Anyone who enters an official position takes a convenient post, which is called this product". Wen Sanguan has 29 ranks from Kaifu Yitong Third Division to General Lang Fan, and Wu Sanguan has 45 ranks from a title of generals in ancient times to deputy commander-in-chief. The ranks of scattered officials and professional officials are not necessarily the same. Professional officials are appointed according to their qualifications, and casual officials are described according to their qualifications. Senior scattered officials are called "officials" when they hold low-level positions, "guards" when low-level scattered officials hold high-level positions, and "part-time officials" when they hold professional positions at the same level. Scattered officials are also called rank officials. In the Song Dynasty, like the Tang Dynasty, there were 29 civil servants and 3 1 military officers, which were only used as official uniforms. Generally speaking, "civil servants wear purple with more than three products, purple with more than five products and green with more than nine products".
Meritorious officer is a title awarded to civil and military officials. In the Tang Dynasty, from Shangzhou to Wu Qiwei, it was once every 12 round, and those who were honored were called officials. The system of the Song Dynasty along the Tang Dynasty was 12, but it became a title often added by civil and military officials.
Knighthood is a title. There are nine grades, including king, heir king, county king and childe south. The Song Dynasty was divided into 12, namely, king, heir king, county king, lord protector, county chief, founder, founding county chief, founding emperor, founding son and founder.
Food seal is divided into food city seal and food real seal, which is generally combined with title. In the Tang Dynasty, 10,000 to 300 households had 9 grades of food markets, and in the Song Dynasty, 10,000 to 200 households had 14 grades. In the Tang dynasty, there were food cities, where "the rate was more than three, and one third of the annual rent was paid to the court", and only "those who ate solid food got solid households and shared food with the state". In the Song Dynasty, the food city was completely empty, and only real food seals enjoyed the taxes paid by households. Therefore, the real food seal in the Song Dynasty is only divided into seven grades: 1,000 households to 100 households.
Give civil and military officials some kind of immediate reward for political treatment. There is no explicit provision in the Tang Dynasty, and there are six levels of giving in the Song Dynasty, such as the sword goes to the temple, the unnamed imperial edict, the unnamed praise and worship, the unwillingness to enter the DPRK, the Zijin fish bag and the flying fish bag.
No. is a courtesy title for civil and military officials. Before the Tang Dynasty, there was no explicit provision. In the Song Dynasty, the reputation of promoting loyalty, assisting theory and cooperating with others was used as the name of praising heroes, which was divided into 40 grades.
Rank is the order in which civil and military officials are promoted. Tang dynasty was the title of scattered official, and Song dynasty took the title of professional official as the capital order. There are also grades up and down. In Song Dynasty, the official positions changed, including civil servants, military officers and civil servants, among which there were some differences.
Position is a class position, which refers to the standing order in the Senate. In the Tang dynasty, classes were first divided by position, then by title, and the same title was divided by age. In the Song Dynasty, there was a special system of joint classes, which stipulated the classes of officials. Class order is closely related to capital goods. The class order was revised many times in Song Dynasty. Class order is also related to Syrian immigrants. Because different categories in the same product are also a level repositioning, which invisibly expands the level.
Product is taste, and it is the level of officials. There are nine products inside and outside the flow, and the products are divided up and down, so they are also called grades.
Proofreading was an appointment in the Tang Dynasty, but it was changed to an honorary position in the Song Dynasty. From Taishi to Yuan Wailang of the Ministry of Water Resources, points 19.
In the Song Dynasty, Guan Gong awarded Hugh an honorary office as a salary level. Temples are places where temples in Yue Temple offer sacrifices, such as the Sino-Thai Palace, Yuqing Palace, Jichunguan and Shenfu Temple. Each of these temples has its own ambassador, propaganda and promotion positions.
The title of monarch is the title of royal female imperial clan and the wife of civil and military officials. Royal women are divided into five classes from princess royal to the princess. The female is the mother of the empresses, which can be divided into counties. Waimingfu is the mother's wife of kings and officials, and it is divided into 6 grades from princess to township king.
Work is also a capable thing. In the Tang dynasty, he was an official, in charge of Cao's affairs, giving orders to the king, taking pictures up and down, and holding ordinary political achievements. In the Song Dynasty, he was a benevolent scholar. Gao is a consultant, followed by discussion, Canon School. Taking pride in this and choosing the best among the best is not entirely an official with a position, but a system that respects civil servants.
The above honorary titles are often seen when reading ancient books. If we don't analyze them, it will be difficult to distinguish between reality and falsehood. For example, Liu Yun, as the main author of "The View of the Prince", signed "Liu Yun, a bachelor of Hanlin, was ordered by the Minister of Health, Labor and Welfare to patent 200 households in Longxi County, the founding country." Hanlin bachelor is an important official, but because he doesn't often place it, he only takes a bachelor for a long time, which is actually a vacant position. Dr. Zhengfeng is the official rank of Wensangong and Sipin, which is regarded as the official rank. The minister of the palace keeping department is the official name, as the level of food and salary. Knowing that patents are internal work assignments belongs to practical work. The nations are second-class honours, the founders of Longxi County are tenth-class aristocrats, the 200 households in the food city are thirteenth-class fake titles, and the golden purple fish bags are fifth-class ceremonies, all of which are honorary titles. With this analysis, it is obvious that Li Fang's real title is empty.
Song dynasty; surname
Song officials are the most complicated. In Song Dynasty, official posts were divided into official posts, official posts and dispatch posts. "History of Song Dynasty" said that "the official should hold the post of Lu, and the post should be selected, rather than being sent to take charge of the inside and outside." Officials are used to send money to Lu, which is equivalent to the current administrative level. They are only used to determine the treatment plan. In most cases, the official name of the Song Dynasty and the actual difference are irrelevant. Some officials with actual differences are also called career officials to show the difference. Posts refer to posts in museums (Zhao Wen Museum, History Museum, Jixian Academy, Secret Pavilion, etc.). ), plus some virtual titles such as universities and bachelors. To show the noble status of senior civil servants. Dispatch is the real authority, generally with the words "judge, power, knowledge, frankness, supervision, promotion, promotion", etc., theoretically it is a temporary position. It's just that an official name is not issued, just like today's department-level clerk, who has a salary but no real power.
Our ambassador, our ambassador, our propaganda ambassador, our national defense ambassador, and our ambassador Ying Yong are all official titles, which are just empty titles used to indicate rank. Xiao Su has a bachelor's degree as a librarian. Justices of the peace, judges, governors and peace messengers were sent. In the period of Shen Zongyuan, because there were professional officers, most of them were changed into scattered rows, which was very chaotic. Yuanfeng was restructured, with a total of 37 orders from Wensanguan, Kaifuyitong No.3 Division to Di Gong Lang, and 52 orders from Wusanguan and Qiu Zhicheng Xinlang. For example, Song Jiang, as an envoy of the Imperial City, can be both a dispatch officer and a career officer. After the reform of Yuanfeng, the official name used to send Lu was renamed Sanzhi Martial Medicine. Qiu, Bao Ichiro, Wu Yi-fu and Wu Yi-fu in Water Margin are all martial arts. In addition, there are knights and honors. Titles are given to imperial nobles, such as Duan Wang before Song Huizong ascended the throne, who is the first-class title-Wang Jue.
1, for example 1: Fan Zhongyan, the author of The Story of Yueyang Tower, once held the post of "Bachelor of Longtuge, doctor of the household department, assistant envoy of Shaanxi, appeasing Zhizhou". Among them, the doctor of the household department was a guard officer, and Yuanfeng was changed to a doctor and a six-product officer after the reform. Fan Zhongyan, on the other hand, holds another post-librarian-he graduated from Longtuge in the third grade, so his position is equivalent to the official position from the third grade. Shaanxi is the real emissary to appease the deputy envoy and understand Yanzhou. The deputy envoy is in charge of Yanzhou's military and political power.
2. Example 2: Yue Wumu Yuefei served as "our envoy of Qingyuan Army and commander-in-chief of Jingzhou, Jingxiang, Hubei Province, and was specially named as the founding son of Wuchang County". Our envoys are the official names, the highest in the Song Dynasty, and Wu Zhi and DuDu are the real envoys established in the Southern Song Dynasty, which are equivalent to the peace envoys in the Northern Song Dynasty, and are in charge of the military and political power of one state or several states, that is to say, Jingzhou and Xiangzhou in Hubei Road.
3. For example, Zhong Shuling is the highest official in Zhongshu Province, but the person with this title only means that he has this qualification and can receive the salary of the prime minister, which does not mean that he is really the prime minister. Only when the emperor sent him to make peace with Zhongshu can he be regarded as the actual prime minister. This kind of cadre system, which is surrounded by mountains and rivers, often makes us confused when we meet the official title of Dasong Empire, and we can't find the North at all. For example, the titles of Shangshu Right Servant Shooting, Zhongshu Assistant Minister Examining Zhongshu Saving Trouble actually represent the real prime minister. But the literal meaning is: the deputy governor of Shangshu Province and the deputy governor of Zhongshu Province, and then the deputy governor of Zhongshu Province. The metaphor of today's official system is that the Minister of Education is just a title, and he can't actually ask about the affairs of the Ministry of Education. The vice minister of commerce must also serve as the vice minister of education, and then act as the minister of education. At this time, he is the real Minister of Education.
Ming and Qing dynasties
According to this example, all provincial governors have concurrent titles. In the first year of Yongzheng (A.D. 1723), except the case of Shangshu and the right suggestion of Douchayuan, the governors of other provinces were all right assistant ministers of the Ministry of War and right assistant suggestions of Douchayuan. Therefore, the governor also has the power to supervise local governments.
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