In the development history of children's sports in China, there are different revolutionary children's organizations in different revolutionary historical periods.
I. Boy Scouts in the First Revolutionary Civil War
The earliest revolutionary children's organization in China is called the Boy Scouts' League, which was established during the first domestic revolution (192 1 ~ 1927), and was successively established in Wuhan, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Tianjin, Tangshan and other big cities by China. Since the first day of the establishment of the Party's children's organizations, the Communist Youth League has been entrusted by the Party to directly lead children's organizations and carried out a series of activities around the Party's work.
Second, the Communist Youth League and the Young Pioneers during the Agrarian Revolutionary War.
1, the establishment of the Communist Youth League
After the failure of the Great Revolution, the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China gave instructions on how to persist in the work of the Youth League at the low tide of the revolution, and the Fifth National Congress of the Communist Youth League formulated the Resolution on Children's Sports Work, and put forward the policy of restoring and developing the Youth League, so as to unite child laborers, apprentices and children of workers and peasants. The labor boy scout group has been gradually restored and developed. In the rural revolutionary base areas, by 1930, the number of boy scouts participating in the work has reached 700,000. In the early 1930s, according to the resolution of the International Executive Committee of the Communist Youth League and the spirit of the instructions of the International Children's Bureau, the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League made a resolution (draft) on children's movement in June 1930, which determined that the nature of children's movement was "Communist Youth League" and stipulated that children's organizations in the Soviet area could be uniformly named "Communist Youth League", from which the working youth league evolved and the Red Children's League appeared in the white area.
Third, the Anti-Japanese Children's League in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period.
The Anti-Japanese Children's League is a revolutionary organization for children established in the vast anti-Japanese base areas under the leadership of China during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period.
4. Youth League and Young Pioneers during the War of Liberation
During the War of Liberation, children's groups in the liberated areas basically developed on the basis of anti-Japanese children's groups. In the Kuomintang-ruled areas, underground Young Pioneers organizations made positive contributions to the victory of the Liberation War.
Chinese Young Pioneers in Socialist Modernization
First, the Young Pioneers after the founding of New China
From 1949, when People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded, to 1966, when the "Cultural Revolution" broke out, 17 was a period of formalization and vigorous development of Chinese Young Pioneers. It not only trained a large number of high-quality talents, but also accumulated a lot of valuable experience for the development of the Young Pioneers.
Second, the Chinese Young Pioneers after the reform and opening up
The 10th National Congress of the Communist Youth League held from June 6th to 26th announced the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's decision to restore the name of the Chinese Young Pioneers, and the Chinese Young Pioneers entered a brand-new stage of historical development.
Young Pioneers Eagle Action
"China Youth Cross-century Eagles Action" is an important Young Pioneers education activity carried out by the National Young Pioneers Committee in 1993. It is the successful exploration and development of the Young Pioneers' organization and its education in the new period, and the choice and answer made by the young pioneers in the face of cross-century and reform and opening up. Facts have proved that this activity is profound in content, closely linked to China's reform and opening up, material civilization and spiritual civilization construction, effective in form, welcomed by the majority of children and widely recognized by the society; Proper methods have played a positive role in improving the comprehensive quality of a generation of children.
The main content of the young eagle operation
The basic content of Young Pioneers' action is to give full play to the advantages of Young Pioneers' educational activities and organizations according to the objective laws of children's physical and mental development and the comprehensive quality requirements of socialist China in the next 2 1 century, so as to promote the active and all-round development of Young Pioneers. We can grasp its basic content from the perspective of several thematic activities.
First, the standards of club activities.
Striving for medals is the concrete operation and implementation of "Young Eagle Action" and the main activity of "Young Eagle Action". Winning medals is not an end, but an educational process. The Eagle Eagle Medal covers a wide range of educational contents. On the surface, many young eagle badges are skill-oriented, but in fact, patriotism education, ideal moral education and all-round quality education are all integrated into the badges, which runs through the process of fighting for the badges.
Judging from the division of educational activities, there are three main types of educational activities that meet the standards and compete for chapters.
1, ideological education activities
This kind of activities mainly focus on the established badges to carry out ideological and moral education and improve the ideological understanding and moral level of the players. The main learning methods are:
Dig deep into the educational connotation to help players understand the ideological education content contained in each badge; Encourage team members to learn from heroes and model figures, combine the process of chapter struggle with model education, and establish lofty social ideals and lofty moral ideals by learning from English models; Lead the team members to visit, feel the connotation of ideological education in real life, and deeply understand and understand the comprehensive quality requirements of society for individuals and so on. This kind of activity is the main activity in the struggle to reach the standard, and it is also the educational content that counselors should pay special attention to. It is necessary to avoid the phenomenon that only practicing skills ignores ideological education and guidance.
2. Skills training activities
This is mainly practical exercise, some skills training, improving ability and cultivating a variety of skills. In fact, this emphasizes the practice process, regards ability as the goal of education, regards practice and practical thinking as the necessary link of education, and regards society as a broad educational place. The skills required on the eagle badge can't be mastered in one practice. Whether it is really mastered needs to be verified by practice. Therefore, we must proceed step by step and run through the content of ideological education to avoid simple learning skills.
3. Organize activities around the standard chapter.
That is, the Young Pioneers organized a series of educational activities that meet the standards, such as training less than the Ministry, organizing the assessment, verification and awarding ceremony of the players, and so on. It is the basic feature of the Young Pioneers' Little Eagle Action to realize individual struggle with organizational strength. Counselors need to use the Young Pioneers' organization activities to mobilize the chapter, provide services for the members and the masses to consciously fight for the chapter, and strengthen the organization construction of the Young Pioneers. In a sense, the struggle to reach the standard is to give full play to the individual role of the players, but it is also the most important activity of the Young Pioneers organization in the 1990s. It is necessary to make overall plans, highlight key points, grasp the essence of education, and realize the training goal of Young Eagle Action through activities that meet the standards.
Second, the "five-self" educational activities
The "Five Self" activities of the Young Pioneers are centered on "self-study, self-care, self-care, self-improvement and self-discipline", and involve a variety of educational contents.
1, the basic content of "self-study" education
(1) Education of self-study consciousness. Mainly the education of learning purpose and the cultivation of learning consciousness, such as stimulating learning interest and mobilizing learning enthusiasm.
(2) Cultivation of self-study ability. Mainly reading ability, thinking ability, the ability to integrate theory with practice and so on. It also includes the training of preview ability, review ability, understanding and application ability;
(3) Develop the habit of self-study. It mainly refers to the cultivation of good behavior habits and the tempering of will quality, such as the indomitable spirit of overcoming difficulties, the attitude of listening carefully and thinking diligently, and so on.
2, the basic content of "self-care" education
(1) Cultivation of self-care concept consciousness. Mainly the cultivation and training of independent consciousness, to help players overcome dependence, life and study dependence, including ideological and emotional dependence;
(2) Training of self-care ability. Loving labor is the core content of "self-care". The education of "self-care" should train the life ability of team members, and more importantly, it should carry out education and training on the quality and skills of loving labor, so that labor skills can become the necessary skills of children and labor can become the needs of team members' lives.
3, the basic content of "self-care" education
(1) Basic legal knowledge education. Learning the law is the basis of self-protection, and children should be taught to use the law to protect themselves;
(2) Education of self-protection knowledge and cultivation of self-protection ability. This is mainly the education of self-protection consciousness, including the correct understanding of objective and complicated situations, the correct understanding of self-ability and the mastery of basic knowledge of self-protection, such as fire prevention, theft prevention, direction identification and basic self-protection ability training;
(3) the cultivation of self-protection will quality. Without strong will, fearless courage, calm quality and decisive ability, even if you know the law, you will inevitably get hurt. It is necessary to cultivate players' good psychological quality through various means.
4, the basic content of "self-improvement" education
(1) The cultivation of the idea of "striving for self-improvement". "Self-improvement" is a powerful spiritual force. Self-improvement education should be unified with patriotism education and revolutionary heroism education, and help team members build their self-improvement consciousness on patriotism and national pride. (2) the exercise of "self-improvement" ability. It is necessary to combine "self-improvement" education with "hardship" education, train team members to live under difficult conditions, and hone their indomitable and self-improvement ideological style.
5. The basic content of "self-discipline" education
(1) The cultivation of correct self-awareness and reasonable acceptance of others. The premise of self-discipline is to know yourself and others correctly, which is a kind of cognition and an ability. Through various educational activities, children should be gradually helped to establish this awareness and cultivate this ability. (2) Strictly train your habits. "Being strict with yourself" is a noble quality, and it is also a reflection of life attitude and habits. Since childhood, we have been strict with ourselves and gradually formed habits. Young Pioneers' activities should be an effective carrier to cultivate this habit. (3) Good moral education. Self-discipline is actually a good quality that requires strict behavior with universal moral norms. It is necessary to help players understand these norms in their daily lives, truly understand these norms, and become good citizens who abide by the law and discipline.
Third, "hand in hand" mutual assistance activities.
"Hand in hand" mutual assistance activity is the most influential activity of Chinese Young Pioneers since 1990s, which was written into the resolution of the Third Plenary Session of the 14th CPC Central Committee. "Hand in hand" activity has very rich educational content. Mainly includes:
1, patriotism and national conditions education
Through "hand in hand" mutual assistance activities, children can be helped to understand China and its national conditions. Children in cities and towns have made friends with children in backward rural areas, so that they can understand the present situation of the vast rural areas in China and enhance their sense of responsibility in building the motherland; Rural children make friends in big cities, and after the reform and opening up, they have been exposed to productivity and technology, determined to change the face of their hometown. This kind of complementarity between national conditions and patriotic feelings cannot be effectively provided by other forms of education.
2, caring for others, good social morality education.
Caring for each other is the virtue of the Chinese nation, while serving the people and collectivism are the core of socialist morality. The activity of "hand in hand" can help children to strengthen this sense of public morality and guide their pure curiosity to a state of caring for others, which is of great significance to most only children who have no other people in their hearts.
3. Good interpersonal relationship education that includes others.
To overcome loneliness, the only child needs the Young Pioneers organization to provide him with the practice of communication. "Hand in hand" helps children get out of the family and school, and also out of the small kingdom of "self", learn to associate with strangers and establish close relationships. This is the need of children's own growth, and "hand in hand" provides them with a big world of communication.
4. Attempt and education of social practice.
"Hand in hand" helps children communicate with each other and visit each other, opening a window of social life for children who live in a small circle like "home school" all the year round. Children can know, understand and serve the society through their own practice, which is of great significance to children's growth and is also an important social function of "hand in hand" mutual assistance activities.
5. Good modern life quality education.
As a cross-century generation, contemporary children must have excellent social quality. "Hand in hand" mutual assistance activities can help the only child in cities and towns learn a hard and simple lifestyle, temper the quality of hard work and understand the importance of struggle; Children in rural areas can be exposed to the atmosphere of modern life through mutual visits and exchanges, such as sanitary habits and pioneering thinking, which will play an important role in improving the quality of life of both sides and is of great significance for cultivating cross-century talents. The content of "hand in hand" activity education is very rich. Judging from the role of this activity in cultivating a new generation, promoting the construction of socialist spiritual civilization and the development of the whole society, we can dig out more content.
Four, "Venus" science and technology education activities
The content of "Morning Star" activity education is very rich, which can be roughly divided into five categories:
1, science and technology is the primary productivity education
This is not only an understanding of the importance of science and technology, but also a person's world outlook and epistemology. Whether there is "scientific and technological consciousness" is an important symbol of talents in the new century. Around this theme, the "Morning Star" activity is rich in content.
2. Education on the urgency of rejuvenating the country through science and technology
China is facing the challenge of 2 1 century. We should calmly understand China's current comprehensive strength, especially its scientific and technological strength, see the achievements and enhance our confidence. Seeing the gap and enhancing the sense of urgency is the education of modern scientific and technological consciousness and thought, as well as the education of national pride, self-esteem and patriotism and sense of responsibility.
3. Stimulate enthusiasm for science and technology
Science needs enthusiasm, sensitivity and a strong interest in the unknown. "Starting" science and technology education activities should stimulate children's interest in science and technology and their enthusiasm for science. Help children to stimulate curiosity, exploration and creation, and guide children to turn their simple interests into the spirit of loving and dedicating themselves to science, and consciously devote themselves to scientific and technological learning.
4. Cultivation of scientific spirit
Science is a hard undertaking and needs scientific spirit. This includes a strong enterprising spirit, indomitable will and dedication, and a scientific attitude of seeking truth from facts, striving for perfection and being serious and responsible. The Young Pioneers' scientific and technological "Ascending Stars" activity is to consciously cultivate and exercise the scientific spirit and attitude of young pioneers.
5. Training of scientific and technological capabilities
Scientific and technological activities need a variety of abilities, such as thinking ability, creative ability and practical ability. The Young Pioneers' scientific and technological "Ascending Stars" activities can cultivate the ability of team members. Woodworking, machinery, drawing and small production are all scientific and technological activities, and team members need to learn and master them.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) "Hundred Flowers Garden" cultural, sports and artistic activities
Culture, sports and art education activities are particularly rich in content. In the current important period of strengthening the construction of spiritual civilization, the role of culture, sports and art activities is more prominent and important. The cultural, sports and artistic activities of the Young Pioneers' "Hundred Flowers Garden" should mainly be educated in five aspects.
1, edification and cultivation of ideological and moral sentiments
Culture, sports and artistic activities all have the functions of conveying feelings and entertaining the soul. We should carry out ideological education in many aspects with the help of cultural and sports activities, including patriotic feelings, moral sentiments, behavior habits and psychological quality. The cultural, sports and artistic activities of the Young Pioneers are traditional, and it is even more necessary to give full play to their educational functions and tap their rich educational contents in the new period.
2. The tempering of will quality
Whether it is a literary activity or a sports activity, you need to make some efforts to overcome many difficulties and face difficulties, setbacks, people and failures, which is a kind of exercise for players. Educators should take the initiative to understand these educational factors, mobilize educational power, make it a conscious education, and integrate these educational contents into culture, sports and art, so that players can get the greatest gains.
3. Physical fitness and skill training
Culture, sports and artistic activities all need skills. Whether it is sports or music and dance, it is of great positive significance to the coordination, balance and development of human functions. The "Hundred Flowers Garden" cultural, sports and artistic activities of the Young Pioneers can enhance their physique and improve their skills.
4. Adjustment of the relationship between individuals and groups, individuals and individuals.
In literary and sports activities, the relationship between individuals and leisure bodies and between individuals and groups is closer than usual. Good Young Pioneers' cultural and sports activities attach importance to the adjustment of the relationship between individuals and groups, play a collective role through activities, strengthen the interdependence between individuals and groups experienced by team members in activities, and carry out normal interpersonal education.
5. Teach players to enjoy beauty and experience success and joy.
The important function of cultural and sports activities is to satisfy people's pursuit of strength and beauty. Young Pioneers' activities should also provide opportunities for children, actively guide them to pursue and enjoy beauty, cultivate young pioneers' high artistic accomplishment through subtle influence, enrich their cultural heritage, and let more children become spiritual and civilized young pioneers.
The cultural, sports and artistic activities of "Hundred Flowers Garden" include theme activities, interest groups, concentrated activity weeks, art festivals, various competitions and works exhibitions. "Young Eagle Action" is an effective carrier of quality education, and its basic content is the improvement of people's comprehensive quality.
The nature of the young pioneers:
The team's constitution clearly stipulates the nature of the Young Pioneers: "Chinese Young Pioneers are mass organizations for children in China, schools for children to learn communism, and reserve teams for building socialist communism".
China Young Pioneers is a mass organization for children in China, a communist school for children and a reserve team for building socialism and communism.
Mission of the Young Pioneers: The mission of the Young Pioneers is determined by their nature. The Young Pioneers are mass organizations for children in China. It is a school for studying communism and a reserve team for building socialism and communism.
Political study is an important way to understand the national conditions and people's feelings, and it is also an important basis for us to exercise