"Pandora phenomenon" that can not be underestimated
In ancient Greek mythology, the great emperor Zeus once sent his maid Pandora to deliver boxes. When she was given Pandora's box, Zeus told her never to open it. However, Zeus's warning aroused Pandora's irresistible curiosity and desire to explore, so she opened the box desperately. As a result, all the sins in the box ran into the world. ...
-from "Greek fairy tales"
Example 1: The first-year students have just come to school and know nothing. In order to make students adapt to school life as soon as possible and keep their children away from danger, I responded to the call of the school as soon as I started school, warning students not to play in the activity area on the school playground without company. There are horizontal bars, parallel bars and climbing poles. Although there is a bunker below, the class teacher always makes repeated requests to prevent students from being injured by accident. If you are not careful, you will fall down. Once, a student broke his arm because he didn't listen to his teacher and went to play by himself. Although I emphasize and teach seriously every day, I later found that the consequence of this "repetition" is to arouse more students' curiosity, so students often go there secretly to play, and small accidents often happen.
Education Example 2: Beibei is a student in the third grade of primary school (1). She is a famous naughty boy in school. She can't sit still in class, her ass seems to be oiled, and her hands and feet never stop. The most irritating thing is that he is stubborn. At home, he never refuses to finish his homework by himself. When his mother asked him to do his homework, he lost his temper, didn't eat, didn't sleep and ignored people. The more his mother asked him to do it, the more his mother did it. At school, he often curses, curses and fights. If the teacher criticizes him, then I don't want to hear him call you teacher on this day. On the contrary, more students will tell Beibei that she is in trouble again. What a headache this student has!
Nowadays, when people feel that the reasons for prohibition are not sufficient, they will be unable to restrain their desire to explore, thus tilting the psychological balance to the aspect of violating prohibition, thus making people tend to make negative behaviors. Here we use the myth of Pandora opening the box, which is called "Pandora phenomenon".
Faced with the performance of these students, I often think quietly and consult a lot of information. Finally, I found that the appearance of these manifestations has a great relationship with students' rebellious psychology, so I launched a series of research.
The word "rebellious psychology" has been widely popular in recent years, and this phenomenon shows a trend of becoming younger and younger. Rebellious psychology is a special attitude towards things, which refers to the opposing emotions and behavioral intentions that are contrary to the cognitive information generated in a specific educational situation and deviate from the general normal education requirements due to the inherent way of thinking and traditional conceptual formulas of the educated.
Through the anonymous questionnaire survey of the students in grade three, four and five in our school, I found that 15%-20% of the primary school students have different degrees of rebellious psychological tendency, such as: students' reaction to the propaganda of revolutionary figures is not only cold, but also disgusted; Some students said: "Seeing him is disgusting, and hearing him is uncomfortable"; Some students regard respecting teachers as "flattery"; It's no fun to report to the teacher to help the students make progress. Take discouraging classmates from fighting as "meddling"; Studying hard and trying to serve others is considered a "fool" ... these are all manifestations of rebellious psychology. This is an inevitable stage of children's growth, especially junior and senior high school students. Children in this period, due to the development of mental development and self-awareness, have a certain degree of thinking, and their subjective initiative has also been enhanced, and their desire to express themselves is strong, especially rebellious psychological barriers.
1. How did "Pandora Phenomenon" come into being?
"Rebellious psychology is a psychological activity when the objective environment does not match the needs of the subject, and it has strong resistance." A dictionary of psychology. In other words, rebellious psychology refers to the social attitude of showing strong resistance when the object does not meet the needs of the subject.
A large number of classic studies in psychology show that exploring the unknown things in the surrounding world is a universal behavioral response of human beings and a stable need with biological significance formed in the long-term biological evolution. Simply banning something without explanation will make it have a special attraction different from other things, which will naturally make people pay more attention to it. In addition, unexplained prohibitions can lead to various speculations and assumptions. When people feel that the reasons for the prohibition are not sufficient, they can't find enough reasons to restrain their desire to explore, so the psychological balance will tilt to the aspect of violating the prohibition, which makes people tend to steal the forbidden fruit.
Rebellion among students is partly due to Pandora's phenomenon. Primary school students are curious, because of their lack of experience and experience, their emotions are out of control, and their moral concepts and socialization are immature. They are not superstitious or blindly obedient, and have strong curiosity, exploration spirit and practical consciousness. However, when educating children, parents or teachers often use their own experience to shield their curiosity in order to make them avoid detours. Driven by curiosity, children don't listen to the advice of adults. The more you can't get, the more you want, and the more you can't touch, the more you want to touch. In this way, the rebellious behavior of children who don't listen to advice is formed.
Specific can be discussed from the following aspects:
1, the influence of students' own psychological development.
Most primary school students are very curious. Driven by curiosity, they like new things and new knowledge. Psychological research shows that excessive curiosity can form a special psychological need, which can be transformed into motivation of learning activities, induce learning interest and promote learners to explore related things and cognitive information. Pupils are not superstitious or blindly obedient in their studies, but have a strong thirst for knowledge and a spirit of exploration, which is a concrete manifestation of their curiosity. Generally speaking, the more things you can't get, the more you want, and the more things you can't touch, the more you want to touch. This is the so-called "forbidden fruit rebellion". Some of our teachers and parents forbid pupils to do something without explaining why they can't. The ban on "not playing" and "not playing online games" failed to achieve the expected results. I watch and consult the banned and criticized films, literary works and theoretical articles with great interest. "Forbidden fruit is sweet", curiosity drives primary school students to sometimes risk being punished to taste "forbidden fruit" that may not be sweet. The influence of family environment is of special significance. Children live in the family for a long time, accounting for about two-thirds of their life. Parents play a subtle role in their children's behavior.
2. The influence of bad family factors.
Family is the fundamental environment for the growth of primary school students and the first place to receive education in life. Different educational methods in the family will cultivate children's different psychological qualities and personalities. Some families' bad educational methods directly affect the formation of pupils' rebellious psychology. For example, parents' simple and rude education methods, such as imperative and arbitrary education methods, as well as high expectations and strict requirements in life and study, all of which have invisibly caused a kind of pressure on children's psychology. When this kind of pressure keeps accumulating and settling, when primary school students can't find a good solution, they will emotionally resist our series of education, preaching and persuasion, which will lead to emotional dissatisfaction and rebellious psychology. Some parents give their children too much psychological and material care, especially the educational requirements for their children are too high, which exceeds their tolerance. For children, it is often an imposed, abnormal and invisible pressure, which easily causes unnecessary troubles to them, inhibits the healthy development of their independence and integrity, and is prone to rebellious psychology.
The way parents ask will also cause children's rebellious psychology. Some parents put forward demands on their children in a condescending, rude and commanding way, put on a feudal paternalistic prestige, and even used violence to make their children yield, leaving them no room for autonomy. These children will resent and resist their parents' respect for education when they grow up, and will treat others in the same way in the future.
Parental discord is also the reason why children have rebellious psychology. Long-term differences, hostility, quarrels and tense contradictions between parents will cause serious anxiety and contradictions, paranoia, anxiety or tension, and even lead to psychopathy and anti-social behavior.
3. The influence of teachers' own quality.
Some teachers treat students unfairly in the teaching process, and they also have rebellious psychology. Some teachers prefer students who have good grades and are obedient. When a good student makes a mistake, he will forgive him easily, even if the criticism is mild. When I heard that some so-called "poor students" who have poor grades and like to be naughty made mistakes, the teacher's performance was harsh words and harsh words and loudly reprimanded. Even if the "poor student" has no obvious fault or no fault at all, the teacher has not apologized. The result is that "poor students" don't like this teacher, and even hate this teacher. When they attend his class, they just don't listen, deliberately make trouble and oppose the teacher. Even if reason tells him that it is wrong to do so, emotionally, he still can't accept the teacher. Fekov, an educator in the former Soviet Union, said in "Conversation with Teachers": "Please don't forget that children are treated unfairly, especially when such treatment comes from a close person, his painful feelings will leave a long-lasting mark in his mind."
4. The influence of bad factors in peer group.
Peer groups refer to groups of the same or similar age. Among many peer groups, primary school students are most influenced by peer groups, and their dependence on peer groups is the most obvious. This is because among the peers of primary school students, primary school students not only have the same psychological feelings and needs, but also have similar hobbies, interests and common behavioral tendencies, which are easy to identify with each other and can best achieve or cause mutual transformation and infection. Among them, the positive values and equality tendency in the peer group of primary school students are generally consistent with the educational purposes of family, school and society, and the psychology of individual primary school students is more normal and reasonable; However, the bad values and behavioral tendencies in the peer group of primary school students have a bad influence on the psychology of some primary school students. For example, the unhealthy outlook on heroes, showing off and singing naysayers among primary school students make some normal primary school students psychologically imperceptible, and their psychological instability and imitation are easy to form their rebellious psychology. Therefore, in the formation of pupils' rebellious psychology, the influence of peer groups can not be ignored.
Some students don't have intimate friends in the class for various reasons. Many of them also yearn for collective life, want to communicate with their peers, hope to gain a certain position in the class, try to attract their attention through various means, and even resort to behaviors contrary to normal.
5. The influence of mass communication and social culture.
With the advent of the information age and the development of mass communication, the influence of mass media on primary school students is expanding day by day, which not only provides new ways for primary school students to learn, seek knowledge and receive education, but also brings some negative effects. Mass media pays attention to the public in information selection and production, but ignores the concern for primary school students' audience, so that some bad and secular factors in adult culture, or the content that was originally used to warn people and primary school students because of exposing a certain phenomenon or the consistency of making programs, are passively accepted by primary school students; In addition, because mass communication also emphasizes freshness, it introduces some fashionable novel phenomena at home and abroad, such as punk, hippie and rock culture with anti-judgment spirit, which also affects and radiates the formation of anti-cultural mentality and anti-cultural consciousness of primary school students in China.
Second, the correct guidance of Pandora phenomenon.
Pandora phenomenon itself is not good or bad, the key lies in how to guide this psychological mechanism. On the other hand, rebellious psychology is a manifestation of students' active thinking, which enhances their self-reliance and autonomy to some extent, but it is an unhealthy abnormal psychology after all. If a person's words and deeds are often dominated by rebellious psychology, it will lead to long-term illness, lose interest in anything, and eventually lose love for the cause and pursuit of ideals, which seriously hinders a person's growth and development. So parents and society must attach great importance to it. In order to promote the healthy and orderly development of students, as educators, we must explore the art of dissolving students' rebellious psychology and strive for the initiative.
1, change your mind and fully respect it.
From the formal point of view, education and the educated are a pair of contradictions, but they are essentially the same. This is because the purpose or goal of our education is conducive to the healthy growth and development of the educated, which is consistent with the wishes of the educated. Moreover, education and the educated are interdependent, and the educated need our guidance. The educational guiding role of educators is realized in the continuous improvement of the effective socialization and healthy development ability of the educated. Correctly solving this relationship and establishing the consciousness of loving education, especially ideological education, will actively explore the contents, forms and methods of our education and respect students in professional work. Only in this way can we reduce students' psychological antipathy and weaken and eliminate rebellious psychology.
Teaching success stories 1:
I remember a student who always thought he was nothing in the eyes of the teacher, ignored the teacher's preaching and kept muttering: I am a bad boy, I am the worst. I don't care about personal hygiene The students asked him to tidy up his schoolbag and drawers. On the contrary, he made the seat more messy and dirty. After observation, I chose a day to let the student wait for me in the classroom after school and tell him that I want him to bring a letter to his mother. I wrote a letter in front of him, and then I emphasized it several times. The letter was addressed to her mother. He was not allowed to open it without authorization, so I left it in the classroom and told him to wait. The student nodded yes, but he looked reluctant. I walked out of the classroom. I watched it secretly outside the classroom. After a while, I found the child carefully opening my letter and reading it. Gradually, a smile appeared on his face. Later, I went into the classroom and gave him the envelope. In fact, the child originally thought that the teacher brought a letter to complain. I didn't expect the teacher to write many highlights in the letter and affirmed and praised him. Make him aware of his advantages. In the following days, the students improved significantly in all aspects. In the meantime, I used the students' rebellious attitude towards forbidden fruit to guide the children, and achieved a didactic effect that many heart-to-heart talks could not achieve.
2. Emotional involvement and intimacy.
For infants and young children, parents' attitudes and behaviors should be consistent, so that they can confidently predict the future and feel safe. Children can infer what behavior will be allowed or praised today according to what behavior was allowed or praised yesterday, and have confidence and security in themselves and the future. We must make it clear that what threatens children is not poisonous snakes and beasts, nor natural disasters or man-made disasters, but the negligence or mistakes of people around us, especially those who are responsible for raising children. If a child's behavior today is praised and stopped, it does not depend on his parents' consistent attitude, but on whether his parents have a headache or indigestion at the moment, whether his parents are in a happy mood today, and even whether his parents win or lose playing mahjong, then the child's deep insecurity is an important source of neurosis in the future.
The consistency of parents' attitudes and behaviors is also important. If parents disagree and disagree, children can't (at least) form a unified standard to evaluate things, and they can't develop conflict-free values. Many young people's psychological conflicts can be found in the inconsistency of parental rearing principles.
3. Peer guidance and effective control.
Any group will have a psychological pressure on individuals, which is a kind of pressure from the living and growing environment. Positive groups have a shocking effect on the normal psychology of individuals. To this end, strengthening the correct guidance to peer groups, finding bad atmosphere in time and reversing it as soon as possible are effective means to prevent rebellious psychology and bad habits from breeding and spreading. In particular, it is more necessary to effectively control and guide the "leaders" in peer groups.
4. Analyze orientation and construct cognition.
In the face of complicated cultural phenomena and social problems in society, primary school students often do not have correct cognitive ability, often because curiosity drives them to imitate, and it is difficult to distinguish its essence or the positive and reasonable factors contained in it. This requires us educators to grasp these phenomena and problems in a timely, effective and accurate manner, put them in front of the educated, deeply analyze their essence and reasonable components, help primary school students construct correct cognition and avoid blindly following the trend. This can also prevent and eliminate rebellious psychology.
Teaching success case 2:
In view of the "teaching example 1", I adopted this method: in physical education class, I asked my PE teacher to help me demonstrate a few movements to my students, and then let them finish them independently, but many students couldn't finish them, and even some students fell off the climbing pole. Fortunately, the teacher was there to help, otherwise they would be in trouble. When many students have experienced this behind the scenes, they realize that this is a very dangerous activity, and if there is no teacher's help, the consequences will be very serious. When they realize this, I will discuss it with them again. As long as the teacher has time, we will go to activities together instead of acting alone. Since then, students never go there to play, and of course, there has never been an accident.
5. Actively encourage and make reasonable adjustments.
As the saying goes, the bitter taste of good medicine is good for illness, and the advice when you are unhappy is good for action. However, social psychologists believe that what people crave most in their hearts is praise from others. Praise is an encouragement, which has implanted confidence and strength in people's hearts and sown the seeds of endeavor; It is a stimulant, which makes people more energetic and energetic; Praise is still a kind of recognition, a kind of affirmation, which can make people develop firmly. In my opinion, more encouragement will lead to less deviance; One more compliment will make the hesitant students join the ranks we expect. On the contrary, although criticism can help the educated realize their mistakes, they are not happy psychologically. As for rude criticism, it is even more counterproductive. Therefore, less criticism, more encouragement, less reprimand and more praise are good ways to adjust pupils' rebellious psychology.
Whether it is psychological theory or a lot of social reality, emotion is an invisible hand, which promotes people's behavior tendency and some practices. Some things are not logical and scientific, but because of emotional factors, some people's behavior is influenced invisibly, which is emotional charm. For pupils who are not mature physically and psychologically, their behavioral intentions and decisions are greatly influenced by emotional factors. What they like and dislike directly affects their behavior. Experienced educators know that students' enthusiasm for learning is very high, largely because they like the results of a teacher. If we educators are more emotionally compatible and close to the educated, I believe that the psychology of primary school students will not have such disgust, deviation and rebellion, and will naturally fade or eliminate it.
Who says rebellious psychology will only bring helplessness to people? Can stimulate children's curiosity, stimulate children's thirst for knowledge, and help children create miracles in life! As a teacher, I talk to every living soul every day, and every child can get an education, I firmly believe! I respect every child with my extensive love, which will keep us alive and democratic, irrigate their hearts, help them form a positive self-concept and healthy personality, and leave an eternal mark on everyone's growth.