Kindergarten and primary school teacher qualification certificate. Qualification requirements are not less than 2 years of undergraduate education and professional teacher education and training;
2. Primary school teacher qualification certificate. Education is not less than two years of undergraduate education and professional teacher education and training. Different from the first type of certificate, it is necessary to carry out educational practice and educational practice within the scope of primary school grades L ~ 8 in order to obtain such certificates;
3. Middle school teacher qualification certificate. The qualification requirements are not less than 4 years of undergraduate education and special teacher education and training. According to the specific professional subjects, the certificate clearly indicates that you are teaching a certain subject or a certain subject field;
4. Specialist teacher qualification certificate. The qualification requirement is not less than 4 years of wood science education, and has received special normal education and training. Teaching in the professional field specified in the certificate.
; 5. Vocational and technical teacher qualification certificate. Education is not less than 2 ~ 4 years of college education, and 1 ~ 2 years of practical experience in a certain industry, and has received special teacher education and training;
6. Special education teacher qualification certificate. Education requirements are not less than bachelor's degree, and they have completed the required compulsory courses after special education training. Engaged in teaching and treatment in some designated special education fields;
7. Student tutor qualification certificate. The qualification requirement is postgraduate education, and students have completed the required compulsory courses after guiding professional basic training. As a primary and secondary school counselor, school psychologist, itinerant counselor, engaged in guiding students' behavior, study, further studies, employment and other issues.
According to the validity period, the teacher qualification certificate system in the United States can be divided into four categories:
Short-term teacher certificate. Those who meet the requirements of the above-mentioned teachers generally apply for a short-term (initial) certificate first;
2. Professional teacher certificate. Those who hold a short-term teacher qualification certificate, have worked for a certain number of years (for example, 5 years), have achieved results in teaching, have experience, and have completed a certain number of required courses can be awarded a professional teacher qualification certificate for a certain subject, valid for 8 ~ 10 years. After the expiration, you can apply for an extension of validity;
3. Long-term teacher certificate. Hold a professional teacher qualification certificate, work for a certain number of years, achieve good results, and complete a certain number of compulsory courses, obtain a master's degree, and issue a long-term teacher qualification certificate;
4. Temporary teacher certificate. In some states, the certificate issued to some short subject teachers, temporary substitute teachers or temporary visiting teachers is valid for 1 year, and can be extended for 1 year if necessary.
At present, China's teacher qualification certificate system
(A) the qualification of teachers to implement the "lifelong system". The notice issued by the Ministry of Education 200 1 mentioned: "Once a teacher's qualification is obtained, it shall not be lost or revoked except as provided by law." This affirms the lifelong validity of the teacher qualification certificate. In-service teachers are like this, and teachers who have obtained teacher qualification certificates but have not yet taught are no exception. No matter how long it takes, they can have the opportunity to teach at any time without receiving any training.
(2) The threshold of teacher qualification certificate is too low. China's "Teacher Qualification Regulations" stipulates that the starting point of primary school teachers' education is secondary school, junior high school teachers' education is junior college, and university teachers' education is undergraduate, which is far from the reality that primary school teachers in some developed countries and some developing countries start from undergraduate.
(3) The division of teachers' qualifications is relatively general. At present, teachers' qualifications are divided into seven categories, from kindergarten teachers to college teachers. Although there are many disciplines in each type of school, there are no requirements for disciplines in the Teacher Qualification Regulations. At the same time, Article 5 of the Regulations also stipulates: "Citizens who have obtained teacher qualifications may serve as teachers in schools and other educational institutions at the corresponding level and below." This top-down teacher qualification coverage system is against the education law.