The New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty (also known as the New Deal of Gengzi, the New Deal after Gengzi, the Shame Reform of the Republic of China, the Reform of Hong Kong in the late Qing Dynasty, and the New Deal of Guangxu in Japan) was an economic and political system reform movement in the late Qing Dynasty, and it was also one of the major events in the modernization of China. In the 26th year of Guangxu (1900), the Gengzi Incident broke out. Empress Dowager Cixi led hundreds of imperial relatives, including Emperor Guangxu, out of the palace to avoid disaster in xi 'an.
After returning to Korea, it accepted the "Xin Chou Treaty" proposed by Eight-Nation Alliance, which dealt a great blow to China, so the court conservatives took the initiative to carry out political reform. In the twenty-seventh year of Guangxu (190 1), with the acquiescence of Empress Dowager Cixi, the Qing government carried out reforms, which were similar to the Reform Movement of 1898 in the twenty-fourth year of Guangxu (1898), but broader and deeper than the Reform Movement of 1898, and involved the abolition of the imperial examination system, which was a millennium.
The Qing court tried to carry out a series of systematic reforms in military, official system, law, commerce, education and society, and the reforms also spread to inland, northeast, Mongolia, northwest and Tibet. Due to the scattered and delayed reform policies and the perfunctory attitude of some officials, no great progress has been made, but the "New Deal" has promoted the modernization of China society to a certain extent and provided preparatory conditions for the rise of the Revolution of 1911.
Economic base:
Before the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, China's social economy had undergone obvious changes under the invasion of foreign powers: on the one hand, due to the increasing number of trading ports, a large number of foreign goods were dumped, which impacted China's natural economy (first of all, near the trading ports) and began to collapse; At the same time, a large number of local commodities were exported, and the vassal status of the capitalist world market gradually formed.
On the other hand, the socio-economic structure of China began to change. After the Opium War, foreign capitalist economic components appeared in China, including bureaucratic capitalist embryonic economy and national capitalist economy. The Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 brought about profound social and economic changes in China. First, the war directly destroyed the feudal economic base in some parts of China. The Japanese army invaded Liaodong Peninsula and Shandong Peninsula, and the local people were ravaged and the social productive forces suffered huge losses.
Second, the huge reparations after the war forced the Qing government to borrow three times politically, and the heavy debt burden fell on the people of China, and foreign powers controlled the financial and economic lifeline of China. Third, the provisions of the treaty of shimonoseki on the establishment of factories meet the needs of the export of imperialist capital. In just a few years after the war, more than 930 factories were set up, which were distributed in various industries and did great harm. In addition, the powers also compete for China's right to build roads and mine.
Fourthly, after the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the great powers continued to dump a large number of commodities to China, and the annual import volume was increasing year by year. This led to a large amount of silver flowing out of China, making China poor and rich, and constantly destroying China's social economy.